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Harrison Chase 178e8217a4 cr 2 years ago
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Harrison Chase 4ccb9b684a cr 2 years ago
Harrison Chase 4de8b089aa cr 2 years ago
Harrison Chase 1c6f64021d cr 2 years ago
Harrison Chase aba405a570 add docs for routing chains 2 years ago
Harrison Chase 71a0940435 docs for restructure 2 years ago
Harrison Chase 8c8eb47765 cr 2 years ago
Harrison Chase 68eaf4e5ee reorg smart chains 2 years ago
Harrison Chase 2a84d3d5ca stash 2 years ago
Harrison Chase 45ce74d0bc stash 2 years ago
Harrison Chase 2a2d3323c9 stash 2 years ago
Harrison Chase 6f55fa8ba7 establish router 2 years ago

@ -17,11 +17,6 @@ create a truly powerful app - the real power comes when you are able to
combine them with other sources of computation or knowledge.
This library is aimed at assisting in the development of those types of applications.
It aims to create:
1. a comprehensive collection of pieces you would ever want to combine
2. a flexible interface for combining pieces into a single comprehensive "chain"
3. a schema for easily saving and sharing those chains
## 📖 Documentation
@ -31,78 +26,42 @@ Please see [here](https://langchain.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?) for full documen
- Reference (full API docs)
- Resources (high level explanation of core concepts)
## 🚀 What can I do with this
This project was largely inspired by a few projects seen on Twitter for which we thought it would make sense to have more explicit tooling. A lot of the initial functionality was done in an attempt to recreate those. Those are:
**[Self-ask-with-search](https://ofir.io/self-ask.pdf)**
To recreate this paper, use the following code snippet or checkout the [example notebook](https://github.com/hwchase17/langchain/blob/master/docs/examples/demos/self_ask_with_search.ipynb).
```python
from langchain import SelfAskWithSearchChain, OpenAI, SerpAPIChain
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
search = SerpAPIChain()
self_ask_with_search = SelfAskWithSearchChain(llm=llm, search_chain=search)
self_ask_with_search.run("What is the hometown of the reigning men's U.S. Open champion?")
```
**[LLM Math](https://twitter.com/amasad/status/1568824744367259648?s=20&t=-7wxpXBJinPgDuyHLouP1w)**
To recreate this example, use the following code snippet or check out the [example notebook](https://github.com/hwchase17/langchain/blob/master/docs/examples/demos/llm_math.ipynb).
```python
from langchain import OpenAI, LLMMathChain
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
llm_math = LLMMathChain(llm=llm)
llm_math.run("How many of the integers between 0 and 99 inclusive are divisible by 8?")
```
**Generic Prompting**
You can also use this for simple prompting pipelines, as in the below example and this [example notebook](https://github.com/hwchase17/langchain/blob/master/docs/examples/demos/simple_prompts.ipynb).
```python
from langchain import PromptTemplate, OpenAI, LLMChain
template = """Question: {question}
Answer: Let's think step by step."""
prompt = PromptTemplate(template=template, input_variables=["question"])
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
llm_chain = LLMChain(prompt=prompt, llm=llm)
question = "What NFL team won the Super Bowl in the year Justin Bieber was born?"
llm_chain.predict(question=question)
```
**Embed & Search Documents**
We support two vector databases to store and search embeddings -- FAISS and Elasticsearch. Here's a code snippet showing how to use FAISS to store embeddings and search for text similar to a query. Both database backends are featured in this [example notebook](https://github.com/hwchase17/langchain/blob/master/docs/examples/integrations/embeddings.ipynb).
```python
from langchain.embeddings.openai import OpenAIEmbeddings
from langchain.faiss import FAISS
from langchain.text_splitter import CharacterTextSplitter
with open('state_of_the_union.txt') as f:
state_of_the_union = f.read()
text_splitter = CharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=1000, chunk_overlap=0)
texts = text_splitter.split_text(state_of_the_union)
embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings()
docsearch = FAISS.from_texts(texts, embeddings)
query = "What did the president say about Ketanji Brown Jackson"
docs = docsearch.similarity_search(query)
```
## 🚀 What can this help with?
There are three main areas (with a forth coming soon) that LangChain is designed to help with.
These are, in increasing order of complexity:
1. LLM and Prompt usage
2. Chaining LLMs with other tools in a deterministic manner
3. Having a router LLM which uses other tools as needed
4. (Coming Soon) Memory
### LLMs and Prompts
Calling out to an LLM once is pretty easy, with most of them being behind well documented APIs.
However, there are still some challenges going from that to an application running in production that LangChain attempts to address:
- Easy switching costs: by exposing a standard interface for all the top LLM providers, LangChain makes it easy to switch from one provider to another, whether it be for production use cases or just for testing stuff out.
- Prompt management: managing your prompts is easy when you only have one simple one, but can get tricky when you have a bunch or when they start to get more complex. LangChain provides a standard way for storing, constructing, and referencing prompts.
- Prompt optimization: despite the underlying models getting better and better, there is still currently a need for carefully constructing prompts.
- More coming soon
### Chains
Using an LLM in isolation is fine for some simple applications, but many more complex ones require chaining LLMs - either with eachother or with other tools.
LangChain provides several parts to help with that:
- Standard interface for working with Chains
- Easy way to construct chains of LLMs
- Lots of integrations with other tools that you may want to use in conjunction with LLMs (search, databases, Python REPL, etc)
- End-to-end chains for common workflows (database question/answer, recursive summarization, etc)
### Routing Chains
Some applications will require not just a predetermined chain of calls to LLMs/other tools, but potentially an unknown chain that depends on the user input.
In these types of chains, there is a "router" LLM chain which has access to a suite of tools.
Depending on the user input, the router can then decide which, if any, of these tools to call.
To help develop applications like these, LangChain provides:
- Standard router and router chain interfaces
- Common router LLM chains from literature
- Common chains that can be used as tools
### Memory
Coming soon.
## 🤖 Developer Guide

@ -2,9 +2,24 @@ Demos
=====
The examples here are all end-to-end chains of specific applications.
They are separated into normal chains and then routing chains.
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
:glob:
:caption: Chains
demos/*
demos/llm_math.ipynb
demos/map_reduce.ipynb
demos/simple_prompts.ipynb
demos/sqlite.ipynb
demos/vector_db_qa.ipynb
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
:glob:
:caption: Routing Chains
demos/mrkl.ipynb
demos/react.ipynb
demos/self_ask_with_search.ipynb

@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "0af33207",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Custom Routing Chains\n",
"\n",
"This covers how to implement a custom routing chain. That problem really reduces to how to implement a custom router. This also acts as a design doc of sorts for routers."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "16773dc8",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Terminology\n",
"\n",
"Before going through any code, let's align on some terminology.\n",
"- Tool: A function that performs a specific duty. This can be things like: Google Search, Database lookup, Python REPL. The interface for a tool is currently a function that is expected to have a string as an input, with a string as an output.\n",
"- Tool Input: The input string to a tool.\n",
"- Observation: The output from calling a tool on a particular input.\n",
"- Router: The object responsible for deciding which tools to call and when. Exposes a `route` method, which takes in a string and returns a Router Output.\n",
"- Router Output: The object returned from calling `Router.route` on a string. Consists of:\n",
" - The tool to use\n",
" - The input to that tool\n",
" - A log of the router's thinking.\n",
"- Routing Chain: A chain which is made up of a router and suite of tools. When passed a string, the Routing Chain will iterative call tools as needed until it arrives at a Final Answer.\n",
"- Final Answer: The final output of a Routing Chain."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "6eaca15e",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Router\n",
"A central piece of this chain is the router. The router is responsible for taking user input and deciding which tools, if any, to use. Although it doesn't necessarily have to be backed by a language model (LLM), for pretty much all current use cases it is. LLMs make great routers because they are really good at understanding human intent, which makes them perfect for choosing which tools to use (and for interpreting the output of those tools).\n",
"\n",
"Below is the interface we expect routers to expose, along with the RouterOutput definition.\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"\n",
"class RouterOutput(NamedTuple):\n",
" \"\"\"Output of a router.\"\"\"\n",
"\n",
" tool: str\n",
" tool_input: str\n",
" log: str\n",
" \n",
"\n",
"class Router(ABC):\n",
" \"\"\"Chain responsible for deciding the action to take.\"\"\"\n",
"\n",
" @abstractmethod\n",
" def route(self, text: str) -> RouterOutput:\n",
" \"\"\"Given input, decided how to route it.\n",
"\n",
" Args:\n",
" text: input string\n",
"\n",
" Returns:\n",
" RouterOutput specifying what tool to use.\n",
" \"\"\"\n",
"\n",
" @property\n",
" @abstractmethod\n",
" def observation_prefix(self) -> str:\n",
" \"\"\"Prefix to append the observation with before calling the router again.\"\"\"\n",
"\n",
" @property\n",
" @abstractmethod\n",
" def router_prefix(self) -> str:\n",
" \"\"\"Prefix to prepend the router call with.\"\"\"\n",
"\n",
" @property\n",
" def finish_tool_name(self) -> str:\n",
" \"\"\"Name of the tool to use to finish the chain.\"\"\"\n",
" return \"Final Answer\"\n",
"\n",
" @property\n",
" def starter_string(self) -> str:\n",
" \"\"\"Put this string after user input but before first router call.\"\"\"\n",
" return \"\\n\"\n",
"```"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "471389be",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"In order to understand why the router interface is what it is, let's take a look at how it is used in the RoutingChain class:\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"def _call(self, inputs: Dict[str, str]) -> Dict[str, str]:\n",
" # Construct a mapping of tool name to tool for easy lookup\n",
" name_to_tool_map = {tc.tool_name: tc.tool for tc in self.tool_configs}\n",
" # Construct the initial string to pass into the router. This is made up\n",
" # of the user input, the special starter string, and then the router prefix.\n",
" # The starter string is a special string that may be used by a router to\n",
" # immediately follow the user input. The router prefix is a string that\n",
" # prompts the router to start routing.\n",
" starter_string = (\n",
" inputs[self.input_key]\n",
" + self.router.starter_string\n",
" + self.router.router_prefix\n",
" )\n",
" # We use the ChainedInput class to iteratively add to the input over time.\n",
" chained_input = ChainedInput(starter_string, verbose=self.verbose)\n",
" # We construct a mapping from each tool to a color, used for logging.\n",
" color_mapping = get_color_mapping(\n",
" [c.tool_name for c in self.tool_configs], excluded_colors=[\"green\"]\n",
" )\n",
" # We now enter the router loop (until it returns something).\n",
" while True:\n",
" # Call the router to see what to do.\n",
" output = self.router.route(chained_input.input)\n",
" # Add the log to the Chained Input.\n",
" chained_input.add(output.log, color=\"green\")\n",
" # If the tool chosen is the finishing tool, then we end and return.\n",
" if output.tool == self.router.finish_tool_name:\n",
" return {self.output_key: output.tool_input}\n",
" # Otherwise we lookup the tool\n",
" chain = name_to_tool_map[output.tool]\n",
" # We then call the tool on the tool input to get an observation\n",
" observation = chain(output.tool_input)\n",
" # We then log the observation\n",
" chained_input.add(f\"\\n{self.router.observation_prefix}\")\n",
" chained_input.add(observation, color=color_mapping[output.tool])\n",
" # We then add the router prefix into the prompt to get the router to start\n",
" # thinking, and start the loop all over.\n",
" chained_input.add(f\"\\n{self.router.router_prefix}\")\n",
"\n",
"```"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "d9f6ca91",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Once we have the custom router written, it is pretty easy to construct the routing chain:\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"tools: List[ToolConfig] = ...\n",
"router = CustomRouter(....)\n",
"routing_chain = RoutingChain(tools=tools, router=router, verbose=True)\n",
"```"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "5d0c7662",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.6"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

@ -27,12 +27,12 @@
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from langchain import LLMMathChain, OpenAI, SerpAPIChain, MRKLChain, SQLDatabase, SQLDatabaseChain\n",
"from langchain.chains.mrkl.base import ChainConfig"
"from langchain.routing_chains.mrkl.base import ChainConfig"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"execution_count": 2,
"id": "07e96d99",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"execution_count": 3,
"id": "a069c4b6",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"execution_count": 4,
"id": "e603cd7d",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
@ -86,32 +86,32 @@
"\n",
"\u001b[1m> Entering new chain...\u001b[0m\n",
"What is the age of Olivia Wilde's boyfriend raised to the 0.23 power?\n",
"Thought:\u001b[102m I need to find the age of Olivia Wilde's boyfriend\n",
"Thought:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m I need to find the age of Olivia Wilde's boyfriend\n",
"Action: Search\n",
"Action Input: \"Olivia Wilde's boyfriend\"\u001b[0m\n",
"Observation: \u001b[104mOlivia Wilde started dating Harry Styles after ending her years-long engagement to Jason Sudeikis — see their relationship timeline.\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[102m I need to find the age of Harry Styles\n",
"Observation: \u001b[36;1m\u001b[1;3mOlivia Wilde started dating Harry Styles after ending her years-long engagement to Jason Sudeikis — see their relationship timeline.\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m I need to find the age of Harry Styles\n",
"Action: Search\n",
"Action Input: \"Harry Styles age\"\u001b[0m\n",
"Observation: \u001b[104m28 years\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[102m I need to calculate 28 to the 0.23 power\n",
"Observation: \u001b[36;1m\u001b[1;3m28 years\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m I need to calculate 28 to the 0.23 power\n",
"Action: Calculator\n",
"Action Input: 28^0.23\u001b[0m\n",
"\n",
"\u001b[1m> Entering new chain...\u001b[0m\n",
"28^0.23\u001b[102m\n",
"28^0.23\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"print(28**0.23)\n",
"```\n",
"\u001b[0m\n",
"Answer: \u001b[103m2.1520202182226886\n",
"Answer: \u001b[33;1m\u001b[1;3m2.1520202182226886\n",
"\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1m> Finished chain.\u001b[0m\n",
"\n",
"Observation: \u001b[103mAnswer: 2.1520202182226886\n",
"Observation: \u001b[33;1m\u001b[1;3mAnswer: 2.1520202182226886\n",
"\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[102m I now know the final answer\n",
"Thought:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m I now know the final answer\n",
"Final Answer: 2.1520202182226886\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1m> Finished chain.\u001b[0m\n"
]
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
"'2.1520202182226886'"
]
},
"execution_count": 6,
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"execution_count": 5,
"id": "a5c07010",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
@ -145,35 +145,35 @@
"\n",
"\u001b[1m> Entering new chain...\u001b[0m\n",
"Who recently released an album called 'The Storm Before the Calm' and are they in the FooBar database? If so, what albums of theirs are in the FooBar database?\n",
"Thought:\u001b[102m I need to find an album called 'The Storm Before the Calm'\n",
"Thought:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m I need to find an album called 'The Storm Before the Calm'\n",
"Action: Search\n",
"Action Input: \"The Storm Before the Calm album\"\u001b[0m\n",
"Observation: \u001b[104mThe Storm Before the Calm (stylized in all lowercase) is the tenth (and eighth international) studio album by Canadian-American singer-songwriter Alanis ...\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[102m I need to check if Alanis is in the FooBar database\n",
"Observation: \u001b[36;1m\u001b[1;3mThe Storm Before the Calm (stylized in all lowercase) is the tenth (and eighth international) studio album by Canadian-American singer-songwriter Alanis ...\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m I need to check if Alanis is in the FooBar database\n",
"Action: FooBar DB\n",
"Action Input: \"Does Alanis Morissette exist in the FooBar database?\"\u001b[0m\n",
"\n",
"\u001b[1m> Entering new chain...\u001b[0m\n",
"Does Alanis Morissette exist in the FooBar database?\n",
"SQLQuery:\u001b[102m SELECT * FROM Artist WHERE Name = 'Alanis Morissette'\u001b[0m\n",
"SQLResult: \u001b[103m[(4, 'Alanis Morissette')]\u001b[0m\n",
"Answer:\u001b[102m Yes\u001b[0m\n",
"SQLQuery:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m SELECT * FROM Artist WHERE Name = 'Alanis Morissette'\u001b[0m\n",
"SQLResult: \u001b[33;1m\u001b[1;3m[(4, 'Alanis Morissette')]\u001b[0m\n",
"Answer:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m Yes\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1m> Finished chain.\u001b[0m\n",
"\n",
"Observation: \u001b[101m Yes\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[102m I need to find out what albums of Alanis's are in the FooBar database\n",
"Observation: \u001b[38;5;200m\u001b[1;3m Yes\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m I need to find out what albums of Alanis's are in the FooBar database\n",
"Action: FooBar DB\n",
"Action Input: \"What albums by Alanis Morissette are in the FooBar database?\"\u001b[0m\n",
"\n",
"\u001b[1m> Entering new chain...\u001b[0m\n",
"What albums by Alanis Morissette are in the FooBar database?\n",
"SQLQuery:\u001b[102m SELECT Title FROM Album WHERE ArtistId = (SELECT ArtistId FROM Artist WHERE Name = 'Alanis Morissette')\u001b[0m\n",
"SQLResult: \u001b[103m[('Jagged Little Pill',)]\u001b[0m\n",
"Answer:\u001b[102m Jagged Little Pill\u001b[0m\n",
"SQLQuery:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m SELECT Album.Title FROM Album JOIN Artist ON Album.ArtistId = Artist.ArtistId WHERE Artist.Name = \"Alanis Morissette\"\u001b[0m\n",
"SQLResult: \u001b[33;1m\u001b[1;3m[('Jagged Little Pill',)]\u001b[0m\n",
"Answer:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m Jagged Little Pill\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1m> Finished chain.\u001b[0m\n",
"\n",
"Observation: \u001b[101m Jagged Little Pill\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[102m I now know the final answer\n",
"Observation: \u001b[38;5;200m\u001b[1;3m Jagged Little Pill\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m I now know the final answer\n",
"Final Answer: The album is by Alanis Morissette and the albums in the FooBar database by her are Jagged Little Pill\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1m> Finished chain.\u001b[0m\n"
]
@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
"'The album is by Alanis Morissette and the albums in the FooBar database by her are Jagged Little Pill'"
]
},
"execution_count": 10,
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}

@ -37,14 +37,16 @@
"\n",
"\u001b[1m> Entering new chain...\u001b[0m\n",
"Author David Chanoff has collaborated with a U.S. Navy admiral who served as the ambassador to the United Kingdom under which President?\n",
"Thought 1:\u001b[102m I need to search David Chanoff and find the U.S. Navy admiral he\n",
"collaborated with.\n",
"Thought 1:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m I need to search David Chanoff and find the U.S. Navy admiral he collaborated\n",
"with.\n",
"Action 1: Search[David Chanoff]\u001b[0m\n",
"Observation 1: \u001b[103mDavid Chanoff is a noted author of non-fiction work. His work has typically involved collaborations with the principal protagonist of the work concerned. His collaborators have included; Augustus A. White, Joycelyn Elders, Đoàn Văn Toại, William J. Crowe, Ariel Sharon, Kenneth Good and Felix Zandman. He has also written about a wide range of subjects including literary history, education and foreign for The Washington Post, The New Republic and The New York Times Magazine. He has published more than twelve books.\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought 2:\u001b[102m The U.S. Navy admiral David Chanoff collaborated with is William J. Crowe.\n",
"Observation 1: \u001b[36;1m\u001b[1;3mDavid Chanoff is a noted author of non-fiction work. His work has typically involved collaborations with the principal protagonist of the work concerned. His collaborators have included; Augustus A. White, Joycelyn Elders, Đoàn Văn Toại, William J. Crowe, Ariel Sharon, Kenneth Good and Felix Zandman. He has also written about a wide range of subjects including literary history, education and foreign for The Washington Post, The New Republic and The New York Times Magazine. He has published more than twelve books.\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought 2:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m The U.S. Navy admiral David Chanoff collaborated with is William J. Crowe. I\n",
"need to search him next.\n",
"Action 2: Search[William J. Crowe]\u001b[0m\n",
"Observation 2: \u001b[103mWilliam James Crowe Jr. (January 2, 1925 October 18, 2007) was a United States Navy admiral and diplomat who served as the 11th chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, and as the ambassador to the United Kingdom and Chair of the Intelligence Oversight Board under President Bill Clinton.\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought 3:\u001b[102m William J. Crowe served as the ambassador to the United Kingdom under President Bill Clinton. So the answer is Bill Clinton.\n",
"Observation 2: \u001b[36;1m\u001b[1;3mWilliam James Crowe Jr. (January 2, 1925 October 18, 2007) was a United States Navy admiral and diplomat who served as the 11th chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, and as the ambassador to the United Kingdom and Chair of the Intelligence Oversight Board under President Bill Clinton.\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought 3:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m William J. Crowe served as the ambassador to the United Kingdom under\n",
"President Bill Clinton. So the answer is Bill Clinton.\n",
"Action 3: Finish[Bill Clinton]\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1m> Finished chain.\u001b[0m\n"
]
@ -68,7 +70,7 @@
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "0a6bd3b4",
"id": "4ff64e81",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []

@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "5436020b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Routing Chains\n",
"Some applications will require not just a predetermined chain of calls to LLMs/other tools, but potentially an unknown chain that depends on the user input. In these types of chains, there is a \"router\" LLM chain which has access to a suite of tools. Depending on the user input, the router can then decide which, if any, of these tools to call.\n",
"\n",
"These types of chains are called Routing Chains. When used correctly these can be extremely powerful. The purpose of this notebook is to show you how to easily use routing chains through the simplest, highest level API. If you want more low level control over various components, check out the documentation for custom routing chains."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "3c6226b9",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Concepts\n",
"\n",
"In order to understand routing chains, you should understand the following concepts:\n",
"- Tool: A function that performs a specific duty. This can be things like: Google Search, Database lookup, Python REPL, other chains. The interface for a tool is currently a function that is expected to have a string as an input, with a string as an output.\n",
"- LLM: The language model responsible for doing the router.\n",
"- RouterType: The type of the router to use. This should be a string (see more on the allowed router types below). Because this notebook focuses on the simplest, highest level API, this only covers using the standard supported routers. If you want to implement a custom router, see the documentation for custom routing chains."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "05d4b21e",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Tools\n",
"When constructing your own Routing Chain, you will need to provide it with a list of tools that it can use. This is done with a list of Tools. The Tools are used not only to create the Routing Chain, but is also sometimes used to create the router itself (often, the router logic depends on the tools available). \n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"class Tool(NamedTuple):\n",
" \"\"\"Interface for tools.\"\"\"\n",
"\n",
" name: str\n",
" func: Callable[[str], str]\n",
" description: Optional[str] = None\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"The two required components of a ToolConfig are the name and then the tool itself. A tool description is optional, as it is needed for some routers but not all."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "2558a02d",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Loading the chains\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"id": "36ed392e",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Import things that are needed generically\n",
"from langchain.routing_chains import load_routing_chain, Tool\n",
"from langchain.llms import OpenAI"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"id": "56ff7670",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Load the tool configs that are needed.\n",
"from langchain import LLMMathChain, SerpAPIChain\n",
"llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)\n",
"search = SerpAPIChain()\n",
"llm_math_chain = LLMMathChain(llm=llm, verbose=True)\n",
"tools = [\n",
" Tool(\n",
" name = \"Search\",\n",
" func=search.run,\n",
" description=\"useful for when you need to answer questions about current events\"\n",
" ),\n",
" Tool(\n",
" name=\"Calculator\",\n",
" func=llm_math_chain.run,\n",
" description=\"useful for when you need to answer questions about math\"\n",
" )\n",
"]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"id": "5b93047d",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Construct the routing chain. We will use the default router type here.\n",
"# See documentation for a full list of options.\n",
"router_llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)\n",
"chain = load_routing_chain(tools, router_llm, verbose=True)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"id": "6f96a891",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"\n",
"\n",
"\u001b[1m> Entering new chain...\u001b[0m\n",
"What is the age of Olivia Wilde's boyfriend raised to the 0.23 power?\n",
"Thought:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m I need to find the age of Olivia Wilde's boyfriend\n",
"Action: Search\n",
"Action Input: \"Olivia Wilde's boyfriend\"\u001b[0m\n",
"Observation: \u001b[36;1m\u001b[1;3mOlivia Wilde started dating Harry Styles after ending her years-long engagement to Jason Sudeikis — see their relationship timeline.\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m I need to find the age of Harry Styles\n",
"Action: Search\n",
"Action Input: \"Harry Styles age\"\u001b[0m\n",
"Observation: \u001b[36;1m\u001b[1;3m28 years\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m I need to calculate 28 to the 0.23 power\n",
"Action: Calculator\n",
"Action Input: 28^0.23\u001b[0m\n",
"\n",
"\u001b[1m> Entering new chain...\u001b[0m\n",
"28^0.23\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"print(28**0.23)\n",
"```\n",
"\u001b[0m\n",
"Answer: \u001b[33;1m\u001b[1;3m2.1520202182226886\n",
"\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1m> Finished chain.\u001b[0m\n",
"\n",
"Observation: \u001b[33;1m\u001b[1;3mAnswer: 2.1520202182226886\n",
"\u001b[0m\n",
"Thought:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m I now know the final answer\n",
"Final Answer: 2.1520202182226886\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1m> Finished chain.\u001b[0m\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'2.1520202182226886'"
]
},
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"chain.run(\"What is the age of Olivia Wilde's boyfriend raised to the 0.23 power?\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "2f0852ff",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.6"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

@ -24,19 +24,19 @@
"\n",
"\u001b[1m> Entering new chain...\u001b[0m\n",
"What is the hometown of the reigning men's U.S. Open champion?\n",
"Are follow up questions needed here:\u001b[102m Yes.\n",
"Are follow up questions needed here:\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3m Yes.\n",
"Follow up: Who is the reigning men's U.S. Open champion?\u001b[0m\n",
"Intermediate answer: \u001b[103mCarlos Alcaraz won the 2022 Men's single title while Poland's Iga Swiatek won the Women's single title defeating Tunisian's Ons Jabeur..\u001b[0m\u001b[102m\n",
"Follow up: Where is Carlos Alcaraz from?\u001b[0m\n",
"Intermediate answer: \u001b[103mEl Palmar, Murcia, Spain.\u001b[0m\u001b[102m\n",
"So the final answer is: El Palmar, Murcia, Spain\u001b[0m\n",
"Intermediate answer: \u001b[36;1m\u001b[1;3mCarlos Alcaraz\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3mFollow up: Where is Carlos Alcaraz from?\u001b[0m\n",
"Intermediate answer: \u001b[36;1m\u001b[1;3mEl Palmar, Spain\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[32;1m\u001b[1;3mSo the final answer is: El Palmar, Spain\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1m> Finished chain.\u001b[0m\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'\\nSo the final answer is: El Palmar, Murcia, Spain'"
"'El Palmar, Spain'"
]
},
"execution_count": 1,

@ -8,12 +8,47 @@ create a truly powerful app - the real power comes when you are able to
combine them with other sources of computation or knowledge.
This library is aimed at assisting in the development of those types of applications.
It aims to create:
1. a comprehensive collection of pieces you would ever want to combine
2. a flexible interface for combining pieces into a single comprehensive "chain"
3. a schema for easily saving and sharing those chains
There are three main areas (with a forth coming soon) that LangChain is designed to help with.
These are, in increasing order of complexity:
1. LLM and Prompt usage
2. Chaining LLMs with other tools in a deterministic manner
3. Having a router LLM which uses other tools as needed
4. (Coming Soon) Memory
**LLMs and Prompts**
Calling out to an LLM once is pretty easy, with most of them being behind well documented APIs.
However, there are still some challenges going from that to an application running in production that LangChain attempts to address:
- Easy switching costs: by exposing a standard interface for all the top LLM providers, LangChain makes it easy to switch from one provider to another, whether it be for production use cases or just for testing stuff out.
- Prompt management: managing your prompts is easy when you only have one simple one, but can get tricky when you have a bunch or when they start to get more complex. LangChain provides a standard way for storing, constructing, and referencing prompts.
- Prompt optimization: despite the underlying models getting better and better, there is still currently a need for carefully constructing prompts.
- More coming soon
**Chains**
Using an LLM in isolation is fine for some simple applications, but many more complex ones require chaining LLMs - either with eachother or with other tools.
LangChain provides several parts to help with that:
- Standard interface for working with Chains
- Easy way to construct chains of LLMs
- Lots of integrations with other tools that you may want to use in conjunction with LLMs (search, databases, Python REPL, etc)
- End-to-end chains for common workflows (database question/answer, recursive summarization, etc)
**Routing Chains**
Some applications will require not just a predetermined chain of calls to LLMs/other tools, but potentially an unknown chain that depends on the user input.
In these types of chains, there is a "router" LLM chain which has access to a suite of tools.
Depending on the user input, the router can then decide which, if any, of these tools to call.
To help develop applications like these, LangChain provides:
- Standard router and router chain interfaces
- Common router LLM chains from literature
- Common chains that can be used as tools
**Memory**
Coming soon.
Documentation Structure
=======================
The documentation is structured into the following sections:
@ -62,6 +97,7 @@ common tasks or cool demos.
modules/text_splitter
modules/vectorstore
modules/chains
modules/routing_chains
Full API documentation. This is the place to look if you want to

@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
:mod:`langchain.routing_chains`
===============================
.. automodule:: langchain.routing_chains
:members:
:undoc-members:

@ -8,10 +8,7 @@ with open(Path(__file__).absolute().parents[0] / "VERSION") as _f:
from langchain.chains import (
LLMChain,
LLMMathChain,
MRKLChain,
PythonChain,
ReActChain,
SelfAskWithSearchChain,
SerpAPIChain,
SQLDatabaseChain,
VectorDBQA,
@ -24,6 +21,7 @@ from langchain.prompts import (
Prompt,
PromptTemplate,
)
from langchain.routing_chains import MRKLChain, ReActChain, SelfAskWithSearchChain
from langchain.sql_database import SQLDatabase
from langchain.vectorstores import FAISS, ElasticVectorSearch

@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
"""Chains are easily reusable components which can be linked together."""
from langchain.chains.llm import LLMChain
from langchain.chains.llm_math.base import LLMMathChain
from langchain.chains.mrkl.base import MRKLChain
from langchain.chains.python import PythonChain
from langchain.chains.react.base import ReActChain
from langchain.chains.self_ask_with_search.base import SelfAskWithSearchChain
from langchain.chains.sequential import SequentialChain, SimpleSequentialChain
from langchain.chains.serpapi import SerpAPIChain
from langchain.chains.sql_database.base import SQLDatabaseChain
@ -14,11 +11,8 @@ __all__ = [
"LLMChain",
"LLMMathChain",
"PythonChain",
"SelfAskWithSearchChain",
"SerpAPIChain",
"ReActChain",
"SQLDatabaseChain",
"MRKLChain",
"VectorDBQA",
"SequentialChain",
"SimpleSequentialChain",

@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
"""Attempt to implement MRKL systems as described in arxiv.org/pdf/2205.00445.pdf."""
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Tuple
from pydantic import BaseModel, Extra
from langchain.chains.base import Chain
from langchain.chains.llm import LLMChain
from langchain.chains.mrkl.prompt import BASE_TEMPLATE
from langchain.input import ChainedInput, get_color_mapping
from langchain.llms.base import LLM
from langchain.prompts import BasePromptTemplate, PromptTemplate
FINAL_ANSWER_ACTION = "Final Answer: "
class ChainConfig(NamedTuple):
"""Configuration for chain to use in MRKL system.
Args:
action_name: Name of the action.
action: Action function to call.
action_description: Description of the action.
"""
action_name: str
action: Callable
action_description: str
def get_action_and_input(llm_output: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
"""Parse out the action and input from the LLM output."""
ps = [p for p in llm_output.split("\n") if p]
if ps[-1].startswith(FINAL_ANSWER_ACTION):
directive = ps[-1][len(FINAL_ANSWER_ACTION) :]
return FINAL_ANSWER_ACTION, directive
if not ps[-1].startswith("Action Input: "):
raise ValueError(
"The last line does not have an action input, "
"something has gone terribly wrong."
)
if not ps[-2].startswith("Action: "):
raise ValueError(
"The second to last line does not have an action, "
"something has gone terribly wrong."
)
action = ps[-2][len("Action: ") :]
action_input = ps[-1][len("Action Input: ") :]
return action, action_input.strip(" ").strip('"')
class MRKLChain(Chain, BaseModel):
"""Chain that implements the MRKL system.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
from langchain import OpenAI, Prompt, MRKLChain
from langchain.chains.mrkl.base import ChainConfig
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
prompt = PromptTemplate(...)
action_to_chain_map = {...}
mrkl = MRKLChain(
llm=llm,
prompt=prompt,
action_to_chain_map=action_to_chain_map
)
"""
llm: LLM
"""LLM wrapper to use as router."""
prompt: BasePromptTemplate
"""Prompt to use as router."""
action_to_chain_map: Dict[str, Callable]
"""Mapping from action name to chain to execute."""
input_key: str = "question" #: :meta private:
output_key: str = "answer" #: :meta private:
@classmethod
def from_chains(
cls, llm: LLM, chains: List[ChainConfig], **kwargs: Any
) -> "MRKLChain":
"""User friendly way to initialize the MRKL chain.
This is intended to be an easy way to get up and running with the
MRKL chain.
Args:
llm: The LLM to use as the router LLM.
chains: The chains the MRKL system has access to.
**kwargs: parameters to be passed to initialization.
Returns:
An initialized MRKL chain.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
from langchain import LLMMathChain, OpenAI, SerpAPIChain, MRKLChain
from langchain.chains.mrkl.base import ChainConfig
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
search = SerpAPIChain()
llm_math_chain = LLMMathChain(llm=llm)
chains = [
ChainConfig(
action_name = "Search",
action=search.search,
action_description="useful for searching"
),
ChainConfig(
action_name="Calculator",
action=llm_math_chain.run,
action_description="useful for doing math"
)
]
mrkl = MRKLChain.from_chains(llm, chains)
"""
tools = "\n".join(
[f"{chain.action_name}: {chain.action_description}" for chain in chains]
)
tool_names = ", ".join([chain.action_name for chain in chains])
template = BASE_TEMPLATE.format(tools=tools, tool_names=tool_names)
prompt = PromptTemplate(template=template, input_variables=["input"])
action_to_chain_map = {chain.action_name: chain.action for chain in chains}
return cls(
llm=llm, prompt=prompt, action_to_chain_map=action_to_chain_map, **kwargs
)
class Config:
"""Configuration for this pydantic object."""
extra = Extra.forbid
arbitrary_types_allowed = True
@property
def input_keys(self) -> List[str]:
"""Expect input key.
:meta private:
"""
return [self.input_key]
@property
def output_keys(self) -> List[str]:
"""Expect output key.
:meta private:
"""
return [self.output_key]
def _call(self, inputs: Dict[str, str]) -> Dict[str, str]:
llm_chain = LLMChain(llm=self.llm, prompt=self.prompt)
chained_input = ChainedInput(
f"{inputs[self.input_key]}\nThought:", verbose=self.verbose
)
color_mapping = get_color_mapping(
list(self.action_to_chain_map.keys()), excluded_colors=["green"]
)
while True:
thought = llm_chain.predict(
input=chained_input.input, stop=["\nObservation"]
)
chained_input.add(thought, color="green")
action, action_input = get_action_and_input(thought)
if action == FINAL_ANSWER_ACTION:
return {self.output_key: action_input}
chain = self.action_to_chain_map[action]
ca = chain(action_input)
chained_input.add("\nObservation: ")
chained_input.add(ca, color=color_mapping[action])
chained_input.add("\nThought:")

@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
"""Chain that implements the ReAct paper from https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.03629.pdf."""
import re
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
from pydantic import BaseModel, Extra
from langchain.chains.base import Chain
from langchain.chains.llm import LLMChain
from langchain.chains.react.prompt import PROMPT
from langchain.docstore.base import Docstore
from langchain.docstore.document import Document
from langchain.input import ChainedInput
from langchain.llms.base import LLM
def predict_until_observation(
llm_chain: LLMChain, prompt: str, i: int
) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
"""Generate text until an observation is needed."""
action_prefix = f"Action {i}: "
stop_seq = f"\nObservation {i}:"
ret_text = llm_chain.predict(input=prompt, stop=[stop_seq])
# Sometimes the LLM forgets to take an action, so we prompt it to.
while not ret_text.split("\n")[-1].startswith(action_prefix):
ret_text += f"\nAction {i}:"
new_text = llm_chain.predict(input=prompt + ret_text, stop=[stop_seq])
ret_text += new_text
# The action block should be the last line.
action_block = ret_text.split("\n")[-1]
action_str = action_block[len(action_prefix) :]
# Parse out the action and the directive.
re_matches = re.search(r"(.*?)\[(.*?)\]", action_str)
if re_matches is None:
raise ValueError(f"Could not parse action directive: {action_str}")
return ret_text, re_matches.group(1), re_matches.group(2)
class ReActChain(Chain, BaseModel):
"""Chain that implements the ReAct paper.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
from langchain import ReActChain, OpenAI
react = ReAct(llm=OpenAI())
"""
llm: LLM
"""LLM wrapper to use."""
docstore: Docstore
"""Docstore to use."""
input_key: str = "question" #: :meta private:
output_key: str = "answer" #: :meta private:
class Config:
"""Configuration for this pydantic object."""
extra = Extra.forbid
arbitrary_types_allowed = True
@property
def input_keys(self) -> List[str]:
"""Expect input key.
:meta private:
"""
return [self.input_key]
@property
def output_keys(self) -> List[str]:
"""Expect output key.
:meta private:
"""
return [self.output_key]
def _call(self, inputs: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, str]:
question = inputs[self.input_key]
llm_chain = LLMChain(llm=self.llm, prompt=PROMPT)
chained_input = ChainedInput(f"{question}\nThought 1:", verbose=self.verbose)
i = 1
document = None
while True:
ret_text, action, directive = predict_until_observation(
llm_chain, chained_input.input, i
)
chained_input.add(ret_text, color="green")
if action == "Search":
result = self.docstore.search(directive)
if isinstance(result, Document):
document = result
observation = document.summary
else:
document = None
observation = result
elif action == "Lookup":
if document is None:
raise ValueError("Cannot lookup without a successful search first")
observation = document.lookup(directive)
elif action == "Finish":
return {self.output_key: directive}
else:
raise ValueError(f"Got unknown action directive: {action}")
chained_input.add(f"\nObservation {i}: ")
chained_input.add(observation, color="yellow")
chained_input.add(f"\nThought {i + 1}:")
i += 1

@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
"""Chain that does self ask with search."""
from typing import Any, Dict, List
from pydantic import BaseModel, Extra
from langchain.chains.base import Chain
from langchain.chains.llm import LLMChain
from langchain.chains.self_ask_with_search.prompt import PROMPT
from langchain.chains.serpapi import SerpAPIChain
from langchain.input import ChainedInput
from langchain.llms.base import LLM
def extract_answer(generated: str) -> str:
"""Extract answer from text."""
if "\n" not in generated:
last_line = generated
else:
last_line = generated.split("\n")[-1]
if ":" not in last_line:
after_colon = last_line
else:
after_colon = generated.split(":")[-1]
if " " == after_colon[0]:
after_colon = after_colon[1:]
if "." == after_colon[-1]:
after_colon = after_colon[:-1]
return after_colon
def extract_question(generated: str, followup: str) -> str:
"""Extract question from text."""
if "\n" not in generated:
last_line = generated
else:
last_line = generated.split("\n")[-1]
if followup not in last_line:
print("we probably should never get here..." + generated)
if ":" not in last_line:
after_colon = last_line
else:
after_colon = generated.split(":")[-1]
if " " == after_colon[0]:
after_colon = after_colon[1:]
if "?" != after_colon[-1]:
print("we probably should never get here..." + generated)
return after_colon
def get_last_line(generated: str) -> str:
"""Get the last line in text."""
if "\n" not in generated:
last_line = generated
else:
last_line = generated.split("\n")[-1]
return last_line
def greenify(_input: str) -> str:
"""Add green highlighting to text."""
return "\x1b[102m" + _input + "\x1b[0m"
def yellowfy(_input: str) -> str:
"""Add yellow highlighting to text."""
return "\x1b[106m" + _input + "\x1b[0m"
class SelfAskWithSearchChain(Chain, BaseModel):
"""Chain that does self ask with search.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
from langchain import SelfAskWithSearchChain, OpenAI, SerpAPIChain
search_chain = SerpAPIChain()
self_ask = SelfAskWithSearchChain(llm=OpenAI(), search_chain=search_chain)
"""
llm: LLM
"""LLM wrapper to use."""
search_chain: SerpAPIChain
"""Search chain to use."""
input_key: str = "question" #: :meta private:
output_key: str = "answer" #: :meta private:
class Config:
"""Configuration for this pydantic object."""
extra = Extra.forbid
arbitrary_types_allowed = True
@property
def input_keys(self) -> List[str]:
"""Expect input key.
:meta private:
"""
return [self.input_key]
@property
def output_keys(self) -> List[str]:
"""Expect output key.
:meta private:
"""
return [self.output_key]
def _call(self, inputs: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, str]:
chained_input = ChainedInput(inputs[self.input_key], verbose=self.verbose)
chained_input.add("\nAre follow up questions needed here:")
llm_chain = LLMChain(llm=self.llm, prompt=PROMPT)
intermediate = "\nIntermediate answer:"
followup = "Follow up:"
finalans = "\nSo the final answer is:"
ret_text = llm_chain.predict(input=chained_input.input, stop=[intermediate])
chained_input.add(ret_text, color="green")
while followup in get_last_line(ret_text):
question = extract_question(ret_text, followup)
external_answer = self.search_chain.run(question)
if external_answer is not None:
chained_input.add(intermediate + " ")
chained_input.add(external_answer + ".", color="yellow")
ret_text = llm_chain.predict(
input=chained_input.input, stop=["\nIntermediate answer:"]
)
chained_input.add(ret_text, color="green")
else:
# We only get here in the very rare case that Google returns no answer.
chained_input.add(intermediate + " ")
preds = llm_chain.predict(
input=chained_input.input, stop=["\n" + followup, finalans]
)
chained_input.add(preds, color="green")
if finalans not in ret_text:
chained_input.add(finalans)
ret_text = llm_chain.predict(input=chained_input.input, stop=["\n"])
chained_input.add(ret_text, color="green")
return {self.output_key: ret_text}

@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
"""Routing chains."""
from langchain.routing_chains.loading import load_routing_chain
from langchain.routing_chains.mrkl.base import MRKLChain
from langchain.routing_chains.react.base import ReActChain
from langchain.routing_chains.router import LLMRouter
from langchain.routing_chains.routing_chain import RoutingChain
from langchain.routing_chains.self_ask_with_search.base import SelfAskWithSearchChain
from langchain.routing_chains.tools import Tool
__all__ = [
"MRKLChain",
"SelfAskWithSearchChain",
"ReActChain",
"LLMRouter",
"RoutingChain",
"Tool",
"load_routing_chain",
]

@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
"""Load routing chains."""
from typing import Any, List
from langchain.llms.base import LLM
from langchain.routing_chains.mrkl.base import ZeroShotRouter
from langchain.routing_chains.react.base import ReActDocstoreRouter
from langchain.routing_chains.routing_chain import RoutingChain
from langchain.routing_chains.self_ask_with_search.base import SelfAskWithSearchRouter
from langchain.routing_chains.tools import Tool
ROUTER_TYPE_TO_CLASS = {
"zero-shot-react-description": ZeroShotRouter,
"react-docstore": ReActDocstoreRouter,
"self-ask-with-search": SelfAskWithSearchRouter,
}
def load_routing_chain(
tools: List[Tool],
llm: LLM,
router_type: str = "zero-shot-react-description",
**kwargs: Any,
) -> RoutingChain:
"""Load routing chain given tools and LLM.
Args:
tools: List of tools this routing chain has access to.
llm: Language model to use as the router.
router_type: The router to use. Valid options are:
`zero-shot-react-description`.
**kwargs: Additional key word arguments to pass to the routing chain.
Returns:
A routing chain.
"""
if router_type not in ROUTER_TYPE_TO_CLASS:
raise ValueError(
f"Got unknown router type: {router_type}. "
f"Valid types are: {ROUTER_TYPE_TO_CLASS.keys()}."
)
router_cls = ROUTER_TYPE_TO_CLASS[router_type]
router = router_cls.from_llm_and_tools(llm, tools)
return RoutingChain(router=router, tools=tools, **kwargs)

@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
"""Attempt to implement MRKL systems as described in arxiv.org/pdf/2205.00445.pdf."""
from typing import Any, Callable, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple
from langchain.chains.llm import LLMChain
from langchain.llms.base import LLM
from langchain.prompts import PromptTemplate
from langchain.routing_chains.mrkl.prompt import BASE_TEMPLATE
from langchain.routing_chains.router import LLMRouter
from langchain.routing_chains.routing_chain import RoutingChain
from langchain.routing_chains.tools import Tool
FINAL_ANSWER_ACTION = "Final Answer: "
class ChainConfig(NamedTuple):
"""Configuration for chain to use in MRKL system.
Args:
action_name: Name of the action.
action: Action function to call.
action_description: Description of the action.
"""
action_name: str
action: Callable
action_description: str
def get_action_and_input(llm_output: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
"""Parse out the action and input from the LLM output."""
ps = [p for p in llm_output.split("\n") if p]
if ps[-1].startswith("Final Answer"):
directive = ps[-1][len(FINAL_ANSWER_ACTION) :]
return "Final Answer", directive
if not ps[-1].startswith("Action Input: "):
raise ValueError(
"The last line does not have an action input, "
"something has gone terribly wrong."
)
if not ps[-2].startswith("Action: "):
raise ValueError(
"The second to last line does not have an action, "
"something has gone terribly wrong."
)
action = ps[-2][len("Action: ") :]
action_input = ps[-1][len("Action Input: ") :]
return action, action_input.strip(" ").strip('"')
class ZeroShotRouter(LLMRouter):
"""Router for the MRKL chain."""
@property
def observation_prefix(self) -> str:
"""Prefix to append the observation with."""
return "Observation: "
@property
def router_prefix(self) -> str:
"""Prefix to append the router call with."""
return "Thought:"
@classmethod
def from_llm_and_tools(cls, llm: LLM, tools: List[Tool]) -> "ZeroShotRouter":
"""Construct a router from an LLM and tools."""
tool_strings = "\n".join([f"{tool.name}: {tool.description}" for tool in tools])
tool_names = ", ".join([tool.name for tool in tools])
template = BASE_TEMPLATE.format(tools=tool_strings, tool_names=tool_names)
prompt = PromptTemplate(template=template, input_variables=["input"])
llm_chain = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=prompt)
return cls(llm_chain=llm_chain)
def _extract_tool_and_input(self, text: str) -> Optional[Tuple[str, str]]:
return get_action_and_input(text)
class MRKLChain(RoutingChain):
"""Chain that implements the MRKL system.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
from langchain import OpenAI, MRKLChain
from langchain.chains.mrkl.base import ChainConfig
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
prompt = PromptTemplate(...)
chains = [...]
mrkl = MRKLChain.from_chains(llm=llm, prompt=prompt)
"""
@classmethod
def from_chains(
cls, llm: LLM, chains: List[ChainConfig], **kwargs: Any
) -> "MRKLChain":
"""User friendly way to initialize the MRKL chain.
This is intended to be an easy way to get up and running with the
MRKL chain.
Args:
llm: The LLM to use as the router LLM.
chains: The chains the MRKL system has access to.
**kwargs: parameters to be passed to initialization.
Returns:
An initialized MRKL chain.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
from langchain import LLMMathChain, OpenAI, SerpAPIChain, MRKLChain
from langchain.chains.mrkl.base import ChainConfig
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
search = SerpAPIChain()
llm_math_chain = LLMMathChain(llm=llm)
chains = [
ChainConfig(
action_name = "Search",
action=search.search,
action_description="useful for searching"
),
ChainConfig(
action_name="Calculator",
action=llm_math_chain.run,
action_description="useful for doing math"
)
]
mrkl = MRKLChain.from_chains(llm, chains)
"""
tools = [
Tool(name=c.action_name, func=c.action, description=c.action_description)
for c in chains
]
return cls.from_tools_and_llm(tools, llm, **kwargs)
@classmethod
def from_tools_and_llm(
cls, tools: List[Tool], llm: LLM, **kwargs: Any
) -> "MRKLChain":
"""User friendly way to initialize the MRKL chain.
This is intended to be an easy way to get up and running with the
MRKL chain.
Args:
tools: The tools the MRKL system has access to.
llm: The LLM to use as the router LLM.
**kwargs: parameters to be passed to initialization.
Returns:
An initialized MRKL chain.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
from langchain import LLMMathChain, OpenAI, SerpAPIChain, MRKLChain
from langchain.routing_chains.tools import ToolConfig
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
search = SerpAPIChain()
llm_math_chain = LLMMathChain(llm=llm)
tools = [
ToolConfig(
tool_name = "Search",
tool=search.search,
tool_description="useful for searching"
),
ToolConfig(
tool_name="Calculator",
tool=llm_math_chain.run,
tool_description="useful for doing math"
)
]
mrkl = MRKLChain.from_tools_and_llm(llm, tools)
"""
router = ZeroShotRouter.from_llm_and_tools(llm, tools)
return cls(router=router, tools=tools, **kwargs)

@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
"""Chain that implements the ReAct paper from https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.03629.pdf."""
import re
from typing import Any, List, Optional, Tuple
from pydantic import BaseModel
from langchain.chains.llm import LLMChain
from langchain.docstore.base import Docstore
from langchain.docstore.document import Document
from langchain.llms.base import LLM
from langchain.routing_chains.react.prompt import PROMPT
from langchain.routing_chains.router import LLMRouter
from langchain.routing_chains.routing_chain import RoutingChain
from langchain.routing_chains.tools import Tool
class ReActDocstoreRouter(LLMRouter, BaseModel):
"""Router for the ReAct chin."""
i: int = 1
@classmethod
def from_llm_and_tools(cls, llm: LLM, tools: List[Tool]) -> "ReActDocstoreRouter":
"""Construct a router from an LLM and tools."""
if len(tools) != 2:
raise ValueError(f"Exactly two tools must be specified, but got {tools}")
tool_names = {tool.name for tool in tools}
if tool_names != {"Lookup", "Search"}:
raise ValueError(
f"Tool names should be Lookup and Search, got {tool_names}"
)
llm_chain = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=PROMPT)
return cls(llm_chain=llm_chain)
def _fix_text(self, text: str) -> str:
return text + f"\nAction {self.i}:"
def _extract_tool_and_input(self, text: str) -> Optional[Tuple[str, str]]:
action_prefix = f"Action {self.i}: "
if not text.split("\n")[-1].startswith(action_prefix):
return None
self.i += 1
action_block = text.split("\n")[-1]
action_str = action_block[len(action_prefix) :]
# Parse out the action and the directive.
re_matches = re.search(r"(.*?)\[(.*?)\]", action_str)
if re_matches is None:
raise ValueError(f"Could not parse action directive: {action_str}")
return re_matches.group(1), re_matches.group(2)
@property
def finish_tool_name(self) -> str:
"""Name of the tool of when to finish the chain."""
return "Finish"
@property
def observation_prefix(self) -> str:
"""Prefix to append the observation with."""
return f"Observation {self.i - 1}: "
@property
def _stop(self) -> List[str]:
return [f"\nObservation {self.i}: "]
@property
def router_prefix(self) -> str:
"""Prefix to append the router call with."""
return f"Thought {self.i}:"
class DocstoreExplorer:
"""Class to assist with exploration of a document store."""
def __init__(self, docstore: Docstore):
"""Initialize with a docstore, and set initial document to None."""
self.docstore = docstore
self.document: Optional[Document] = None
def search(self, term: str) -> str:
"""Search for a term in the docstore, and if found save."""
result = self.docstore.search(term)
if isinstance(result, Document):
self.document = result
return self.document.summary
else:
self.document = None
return result
def lookup(self, term: str) -> str:
"""Lookup a term in document (if saved)."""
if self.document is None:
raise ValueError("Cannot lookup without a successful search first")
return self.document.lookup(term)
class ReActChain(RoutingChain):
"""Chain that implements the ReAct paper.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
from langchain import ReActChain, OpenAI
react = ReAct(llm=OpenAI())
"""
def __init__(self, llm: LLM, docstore: Docstore, **kwargs: Any):
"""Initialize with the LLM and a docstore."""
docstore_explorer = DocstoreExplorer(docstore)
tools = [
Tool(name="Search", func=docstore_explorer.search),
Tool(name="Lookup", func=docstore_explorer.lookup),
]
router = ReActDocstoreRouter.from_llm_and_tools(llm, tools)
super().__init__(router=router, tools=tools, **kwargs)

@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
"""Chain that takes in an input and produces an action and action input."""
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from typing import List, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple
from pydantic import BaseModel
from langchain.chains.llm import LLMChain
from langchain.llms.base import LLM
from langchain.routing_chains.tools import Tool
class RouterOutput(NamedTuple):
"""Output of a router."""
tool: str
tool_input: str
log: str
class Router(ABC):
"""Chain responsible for deciding the action to take."""
@abstractmethod
def route(self, text: str) -> RouterOutput:
"""Given input, decided how to route it.
Args:
text: input string
Returns:
RouterOutput specifying what tool to use.
"""
@property
@abstractmethod
def observation_prefix(self) -> str:
"""Prefix to append the observation with."""
@property
@abstractmethod
def router_prefix(self) -> str:
"""Prefix to append the router call with."""
@property
def finish_tool_name(self) -> str:
"""Name of the tool to use to finish the chain."""
return "Final Answer"
@property
def starter_string(self) -> str:
"""Put this string after user input but before first router call."""
return "\n"
class LLMRouter(Router, BaseModel, ABC):
"""Router that uses an LLM."""
llm_chain: LLMChain
@abstractmethod
def _extract_tool_and_input(self, text: str) -> Optional[Tuple[str, str]]:
"""Extract tool and tool input from llm output."""
def _fix_text(self, text: str) -> str:
"""Fix the text."""
raise ValueError("fix_text not implemented for this router.")
@property
def _stop(self) -> List[str]:
return [f"\n{self.observation_prefix}"]
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def from_llm_and_tools(cls, llm: LLM, tools: List[Tool]) -> "Router":
"""Construct a router from an LLM and tools."""
def route(self, text: str) -> RouterOutput:
"""Given input, decided how to route it.
Args:
text: input string
Returns:
RouterOutput specifying what tool to use.
"""
input_key = self.llm_chain.input_keys[0]
inputs = {input_key: text, "stop": self._stop}
full_output = self.llm_chain.predict(**inputs)
parsed_output = self._extract_tool_and_input(full_output)
while parsed_output is None:
full_output = self._fix_text(full_output)
inputs = {input_key: text + full_output, "stop": self._stop}
output = self.llm_chain.predict(**inputs)
full_output += output
parsed_output = self._extract_tool_and_input(full_output)
tool, tool_input = parsed_output
return RouterOutput(tool, tool_input, full_output)

@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
"""Router-Expert framework."""
from typing import Dict, List
from pydantic import BaseModel, Extra
from langchain.chains.base import Chain
from langchain.input import ChainedInput, get_color_mapping
from langchain.routing_chains.router import Router
from langchain.routing_chains.tools import Tool
class RoutingChain(Chain, BaseModel):
"""Chain that uses a router to use tools."""
router: Router
"""Router to use."""
tools: List[Tool]
"""Tools this chain has access to."""
input_key: str = "question" #: :meta private:
output_key: str = "answer" #: :meta private:
class Config:
"""Configuration for this pydantic object."""
extra = Extra.forbid
arbitrary_types_allowed = True
@property
def input_keys(self) -> List[str]:
"""Expect input key.
:meta private:
"""
return [self.input_key]
@property
def output_keys(self) -> List[str]:
"""Expect output key.
:meta private:
"""
return [self.output_key]
def _call(self, inputs: Dict[str, str]) -> Dict[str, str]:
# Construct a mapping of tool name to tool for easy lookup
name_to_tool_map = {tool.name: tool.func for tool in self.tools}
# Construct the initial string to pass into the router. This is made up
# of the user input, the special starter string, and then the router prefix.
# The starter string is a special string that may be used by a router to
# immediately follow the user input. The router prefix is a string that
# prompts the router to start routing.
starter_string = (
inputs[self.input_key]
+ self.router.starter_string
+ self.router.router_prefix
)
# We use the ChainedInput class to iteratively add to the input over time.
chained_input = ChainedInput(starter_string, verbose=self.verbose)
# We construct a mapping from each tool to a color, used for logging.
color_mapping = get_color_mapping(
[tool.name for tool in self.tools], excluded_colors=["green"]
)
# We now enter the router loop (until it returns something).
while True:
# Call the router to see what to do.
output = self.router.route(chained_input.input)
# Add the log to the Chained Input.
chained_input.add(output.log, color="green")
# If the tool chosen is the finishing tool, then we end and return.
if output.tool == self.router.finish_tool_name:
return {self.output_key: output.tool_input}
# Otherwise we lookup the tool
chain = name_to_tool_map[output.tool]
# We then call the tool on the tool input to get an observation
observation = chain(output.tool_input)
# We then log the observation
chained_input.add(f"\n{self.router.observation_prefix}")
chained_input.add(observation, color=color_mapping[output.tool])
# We then add the router prefix into the prompt to get the router to start
# thinking, and start the loop all over.
chained_input.add(f"\n{self.router.router_prefix}")

@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
"""Chain that does self ask with search."""
from typing import Any, List, Tuple
from langchain.chains.llm import LLMChain
from langchain.chains.serpapi import SerpAPIChain
from langchain.llms.base import LLM
from langchain.routing_chains.router import LLMRouter
from langchain.routing_chains.routing_chain import RoutingChain
from langchain.routing_chains.self_ask_with_search.prompt import PROMPT
from langchain.routing_chains.tools import Tool
class SelfAskWithSearchRouter(LLMRouter):
"""Router for the self-ask-with-search paper."""
@classmethod
def from_llm_and_tools(
cls, llm: LLM, tools: List[Tool]
) -> "SelfAskWithSearchRouter":
"""Construct a router from an LLM and tools."""
if len(tools) != 1:
raise ValueError(f"Exactly one tool must be specified, but got {tools}")
tool_names = {tool.name for tool in tools}
if tool_names != {"Intermediate Answer"}:
raise ValueError(
f"Tool name should be Intermediate Answer, got {tool_names}"
)
llm_chain = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=PROMPT)
return cls(llm_chain=llm_chain, tools=tools)
def _extract_tool_and_input(self, text: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
followup = "Follow up:"
if "\n" not in text:
last_line = text
else:
last_line = text.split("\n")[-1]
if followup not in last_line:
finish_string = "So the final answer is: "
if finish_string not in last_line:
raise ValueError("We should probably never get here")
return "Final Answer", text[len(finish_string) :]
if ":" not in last_line:
after_colon = last_line
else:
after_colon = text.split(":")[-1]
if " " == after_colon[0]:
after_colon = after_colon[1:]
if "?" != after_colon[-1]:
print("we probably should never get here..." + text)
return "Intermediate Answer", after_colon
@property
def observation_prefix(self) -> str:
"""Prefix to append the observation with."""
return "Intermediate answer: "
@property
def router_prefix(self) -> str:
"""Prefix to append the router call with."""
return ""
@property
def starter_string(self) -> str:
"""Put this string after user input but before first router call."""
return "\nAre follow up questions needed here:"
class SelfAskWithSearchChain(RoutingChain):
"""Chain that does self ask with search.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
from langchain import SelfAskWithSearchChain, OpenAI, SerpAPIChain
search_chain = SerpAPIChain()
self_ask = SelfAskWithSearchChain(llm=OpenAI(), search_chain=search_chain)
"""
def __init__(self, llm: LLM, search_chain: SerpAPIChain, **kwargs: Any):
"""Initialize with just an LLM and a search chain."""
search_tool = Tool(name="Intermediate Answer", func=search_chain.run)
router = SelfAskWithSearchRouter.from_llm_and_tools(llm, [search_tool])
super().__init__(router=router, tools=[search_tool], **kwargs)

@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
"""Interface for tools."""
from typing import Callable, NamedTuple, Optional
class Tool(NamedTuple):
"""Interface for tools."""
name: str
func: Callable[[str], str]
description: Optional[str] = None

@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
"""Integration test for self ask with search."""
from langchain.chains.react.base import ReActChain
from langchain.docstore.wikipedia import Wikipedia
from langchain.llms.openai import OpenAI
from langchain.routing_chains.react.base import ReActChain
def test_react() -> None:

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
"""Integration test for self ask with search."""
from langchain.chains.self_ask_with_search.base import SelfAskWithSearchChain
from langchain.chains.serpapi import SerpAPIChain
from langchain.llms.openai import OpenAI
from langchain.routing_chains.self_ask_with_search.base import SelfAskWithSearchChain
def test_self_ask_with_search() -> None:

@ -0,0 +1 @@
"""Test routing chain functionality."""

@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
import pytest
from langchain.chains.mrkl.base import ChainConfig, MRKLChain, get_action_and_input
from langchain.chains.mrkl.prompt import BASE_TEMPLATE
from langchain.prompts import PromptTemplate
from langchain.routing_chains.mrkl.base import ZeroShotRouter, get_action_and_input
from langchain.routing_chains.mrkl.prompt import BASE_TEMPLATE
from langchain.routing_chains.tools import Tool
from tests.unit_tests.llms.fake_llm import FakeLLM
@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ def test_get_final_answer() -> None:
"Final Answer: 1994"
)
action, action_input = get_action_and_input(llm_output)
assert action == "Final Answer: "
assert action == "Final Answer"
assert action_input == "1994"
@ -52,19 +53,15 @@ def test_bad_action_line() -> None:
def test_from_chains() -> None:
"""Test initializing from chains."""
chain_configs = [
ChainConfig(
action_name="foo", action=lambda x: "foo", action_description="foobar1"
),
ChainConfig(
action_name="bar", action=lambda x: "bar", action_description="foobar2"
),
Tool(name="foo", func=lambda x: "foo", description="foobar1"),
Tool(name="bar", func=lambda x: "bar", description="foobar2"),
]
mrkl_chain = MRKLChain.from_chains(FakeLLM(), chain_configs)
router_chain = ZeroShotRouter.from_llm_and_tools(FakeLLM(), chain_configs)
expected_tools_prompt = "foo: foobar1\nbar: foobar2"
expected_tool_names = "foo, bar"
expected_template = BASE_TEMPLATE.format(
tools=expected_tools_prompt, tool_names=expected_tool_names
)
prompt = mrkl_chain.prompt
prompt = router_chain.llm_chain.prompt
assert isinstance(prompt, PromptTemplate)
assert prompt.template == expected_template

@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ from typing import Any, List, Mapping, Optional, Union
import pytest
from langchain.chains.llm import LLMChain
from langchain.chains.react.base import ReActChain, predict_until_observation
from langchain.docstore.base import Docstore
from langchain.docstore.document import Document
from langchain.llms.base import LLM
from langchain.prompts.prompt import PromptTemplate
from langchain.routing_chains.react.base import ReActChain, ReActDocstoreRouter
from langchain.routing_chains.tools import Tool
_PAGE_CONTENT = """This is a page about LangChain.
@ -51,33 +51,32 @@ class FakeDocstore(Docstore):
def test_predict_until_observation_normal() -> None:
"""Test predict_until_observation when observation is made normally."""
outputs = ["foo\nAction 1: search[foo]"]
outputs = ["foo\nAction 1: Search[foo]"]
fake_llm = FakeListLLM(outputs)
fake_llm_chain = LLMChain(llm=fake_llm, prompt=_FAKE_PROMPT)
ret_text, action, directive = predict_until_observation(fake_llm_chain, "", 1)
assert ret_text == outputs[0]
assert action == "search"
assert directive == "foo"
tools = [
Tool("Search", lambda x: x),
Tool("Lookup", lambda x: x),
]
router_chain = ReActDocstoreRouter.from_llm_and_tools(fake_llm, tools)
output = router_chain.route("")
assert output.log == outputs[0]
assert output.tool == "Search"
assert output.tool_input == "foo"
def test_predict_until_observation_repeat() -> None:
"""Test when no action is generated initially."""
outputs = ["foo", " search[foo]"]
outputs = ["foo", " Search[foo]"]
fake_llm = FakeListLLM(outputs)
fake_llm_chain = LLMChain(llm=fake_llm, prompt=_FAKE_PROMPT)
ret_text, action, directive = predict_until_observation(fake_llm_chain, "", 1)
assert ret_text == "foo\nAction 1: search[foo]"
assert action == "search"
assert directive == "foo"
def test_predict_until_observation_error() -> None:
"""Test handling of generation of text that cannot be parsed."""
outputs = ["foo\nAction 1: foo"]
fake_llm = FakeListLLM(outputs)
fake_llm_chain = LLMChain(llm=fake_llm, prompt=_FAKE_PROMPT)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
predict_until_observation(fake_llm_chain, "", 1)
tools = [
Tool("Search", lambda x: x),
Tool("Lookup", lambda x: x),
]
router_chain = ReActDocstoreRouter.from_llm_and_tools(fake_llm, tools)
output = router_chain.route("")
assert output.log == "foo\nAction 1: Search[foo]"
assert output.tool == "Search"
assert output.tool_input == "foo"
def test_react_chain() -> None:
@ -101,5 +100,5 @@ def test_react_chain_bad_action() -> None:
]
fake_llm = FakeListLLM(responses)
react_chain = ReActChain(llm=fake_llm, docstore=FakeDocstore())
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
with pytest.raises(KeyError):
react_chain.run("when was langchain made")
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