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200 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
200 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
# Beginners Speedrun to Selfhosting
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###### guide-by-example
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You want to selfhost stuff.<br>
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You know little and want to start somewhere, FAST!
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# Requirements
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* A **spare PC** that will be the server. Can be a **virtualmachine**.
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* **Google** and **chatGPT**.<br>
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If the guide says do X, and steps seem insufficient,
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you google that shit and add the word **youtube**,
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or you ask chatGPT few questions.
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# Install a Linux on the server
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* **Download linux iso**. I picked [Debian\(650MB\)](https://www.debian.org/)
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* *Why that linux and not xxx linux?*<br>
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* Fuck you, thats why. I am not writing a novel here.
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* Make a **bootable usb** from the iso, recommend using [ventoy](https://www.ventoy.net/en/doc_start.html)
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* Download ventoy; run; select usb; click install; exit;
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* Copy the iso on to the usb as you would any file.
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* **Boot from the usb**, maybe on newer machines need to disable secure boot in bios
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* **Click through the installation**
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* [Theres plenty of youtube videos.](https://youtu.be/rf3EN7e-34g?t=419)
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* Leave `root` password empty, so that sudo is installed automaticly
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* this will disable root account, if you would want it, just set password for root<br>
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`sudo passwd root`
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* For username lets say `noob` with password `aaa`
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* During software selection [uncheck everything](https://i.imgur.com/MKrPMx2.png)
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except:
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* SSH server
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* standard system utilities<br>
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* This means no graphical interface, just command line.
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# Basic setup of the linux server
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**SSH** - a tiny application that allows you to execute commands from your comfy
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windows PC on the damn server.<br>
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During Debian install you should have had SSH server checked,
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so it would be installed automatically.
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If you missed, install it - `sudo apt install ssh`
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Now to **find IP address** of the machine so we can remotely connect to it.
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* Log in `noob` / `aaa` and be in terminal.
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* `ip r` - shows [at the end the IP](https://i.imgur.com/eGkYmKB.png) of the machine<br>
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lets say you got `192.168.1.8`<br>
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nope I am not explaining IP addresses
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To [check status](https://i.imgur.com/frlyy6P.png) of ssh - `systemctl status sshd`
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# Remote connect to the server
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* **install** [mobaXterm](https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/) on your windows machine
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* use it to **connect** to the server using its ip address and username
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* [have a pic](https://i.imgur.com/lhRGt1p.png)
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* [have a video](https://youtu.be/A7pHiPgW2u8&t=10s)
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# Install docker
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**Docker** - a thing that makes hosting super easy, people prepared *recipes*,
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you copy paste them, edit a bit, run them.
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* **install docker** - `sudo curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash`<br>
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* add your user to docker group so you dont need to sudo all the time<br>
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`sudo gpasswd -a noob docker`
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* log out - `exit`, log back in
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* intall [**ctop**](https://github.com/bcicen/ctop) to get some monitoring and management.<br>
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Unfortunately ctop is not in debians repositories, so longer uglier two commands to install it:
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* `sudo curl -Lo /usr/local/bin/ctop https://github.com/bcicen/ctop/releases/download/v0.7.7/ctop-0.7.7-darwin-amd64`
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* `sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/ctop`
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# First docker compose
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Well, its time to learn how to create and **edit files** and copy paste shit
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in to them, IN LINUX!<br>
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Honestly could be annoying as fuck at first, but mobaXterm should make it easier
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with that left directory pane that lets you move around,
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and the right/middle mouse click for paste.<br>
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But now will be listed general commands in linux to move around and
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`nano` editor will be used as it is relatively simple and everywhere.
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*extra info:* `arrow-up key` in terminal will cycle through old comamnds in history
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* Be in your home directory, the command `cd` will always get you there.
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* Create directory `mkdir docker`
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* Go in to it `cd docker`
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* Create directory `mkdir nginx`
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* Go in to it `cd nginx`
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* Oh look at you being all hacker in terminal, following simple directions
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* Create empty docker-compose.yml file `nano docker-compose.yml`
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* Paste in to it this *recipe*, spacing matters
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```
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services:
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nginx:
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image: nginx:latest
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container_name: nginx
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hostname: nginx
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ports:
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- "80:80"
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```
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* Save using `ctrl+s`; exit `ctrl+x`
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* Run command `sudo docker compose up -d`<br>
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[This is what it should look like](https://imgur.com/a/vtHYNr9)
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* You can run `ctop` to see container status, resource use, logs,
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details, or to exec in to the container. [Like so.](https://imgur.com/a/ChGjk7i)
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* on your windows machine go to your browser<br>
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in address bar put the ip of your server `192.168.1.8` bam<br>
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You should see the pic above - **Welcome to nginx!**
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*extra info:* it should actually be`192.168.1.8:80`,
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with the port 80 we see in the compose being used in the url too.
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But since port 80 is the default http port, it is what browser tries by default.
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# Moving beyond terminal
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Beginners hate terminal.
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[Dockge](https://github.com/louislam/dockge) comes to rescue with its web interface.
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Same as nginx example was deployed, we deploy dockge
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using slightly edited compose file from their
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[github page.](https://github.com/louislam/dockge/blob/master/compose.yaml)
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* Create new directory dockge `mkdir ~/docker/dockge`
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* Go in to the docker directory `cd ~/docker/dockge`
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* Create empty docker-compose.yml file `nano docker-compose.yml`
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* Paste in to it this *recipe*, spacing matters
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```
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services:
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dockge:
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image: louislam/dockge:1
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container_name: dockge
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hostname: dockge
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restart: unless-stopped
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ports:
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- "5001:5001"
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volumes:
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- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
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- ./data:/app/data
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- /opt/stacks:/opt/stacks
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environment:
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- DOCKGE_STACKS_DIR=/opt/stacks
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```
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* Save using `ctrl+s`; exit `ctrl+x`
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* Run command `sudo docker compose up -d`<br>
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* on your windows machine go to your browser<br>
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in address bar put the ip of your server `192.168.1.8:5001` bam<br>
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Now you can setup new stuff from webgui, pasting compose and .env files.
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# understanding what you just did
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* on a linux server a docker container is running, its a webserver and it is
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accessible for others on your network.<br>
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Most of selfhosted stuff is just webserver with some database.
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* if this part is done that means that shit like hosting own netflix(jellyfin),
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or google drive/calendar/photos(nextcloud), or own password manager(vaultwarden)
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or own minecraft server(minecraft server) is just one `docker-compose.yml` away.
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# understanding what you did not get done
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* this shit is on your own local network, not accessible from the outside.
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Cant call grandma and tell her to write `192.168.1.8` in to her browser
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to see your awesome nginx welcome running.
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She tells you that the dumb fuck you are, you do not have public IP and ports
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forwarded.<br>
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To get that working is bit challenging, probably deserves own page,
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not really speedrun, but thorough steps as shit gets sideways fast and people
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can dick around for hours trying wrong shit.
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* everything here is just basic setup that breaks easily,
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server got dynamic IP, turn it off for a weekend and it might get a different ip
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assigned next time it starts. Container is not set to start on boot,...
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* you dont understand how this shit works, fixing not working stuff be hard,
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but now you can start to consume all the guides and tutorials on
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docker compose and try stuff...
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## where to go from here
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Can check out [this repo](https://github.com/DoTheEvo/selfhosted-apps-docker)
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It has tiny section for noobs, with few links to docker tutorials.<br>
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You should get some understanding of docker networks going,
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making sure you create custom named one and use that in your compose files.
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Then its time to start trying stuff like bookstack or jellyfin or minecraft.
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