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119 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
119 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
AArch64 Cross Compiler
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======================
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Before we could start our tutorials, you'll need some tools. Namely a compiler that compiles for the AArch64
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architecture and it's companion utilities.
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**IMPORTANT NOTE**: this description is not about how to compile a cross-compiler in general. It's about how to
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compile one specifically for the *aarch64-elf* target. If you have problems, google "how to build a gcc cross-compiler"
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or ask on an appropriate support forum for your operating system. I can't and won't help you with your environment,
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you have to solve that on your own. As I've said in the introduction I assume you know how to compile programs
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(including the compilation of the cross-compiler).
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Build system
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------------
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To orchestrate compilation, we'll use GNU make. No need for cross-compiling this, as we are about to use it on the
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host computer only, and not on the target machine. The reason I choosed this build system for the tutorials is that
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GNU make is also required to compile the compiler, so you'll need it anyway.
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Download and unpack sources
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---------------------------
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First of all, download binutils and gcc sources. In this example I've used the latest versions as of writing.
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You are advised to check the mirrors and modify filenames accordly.
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```sh
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wget http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/binutils/binutils-2.29.tar.gz
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wget http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gcc/gcc-7.2.0/gcc-7.2.0.tar.gz
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wget http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/mpfr/mpfr-3.1.6.tar.gz
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wget http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gmp/gmp-6.1.2.tar.bz2
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wget http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/mpc/mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz
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wget ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/isl-0.18.tar.bz2
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wget ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/cloog-0.18.1.tar.gz
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```
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Once the download finished, unpack the tarballs with these commands:
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```sh
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for i in *.tar.gz; do tar -xzf $i; done
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for i in *.tar.bz2; do tar -xjf $i; done
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```
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You'll need some symbolic links before you could start the compilation, so let's create them:
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```sh
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cd binutils-*
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ln -s ../isl-* isl
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cd ..
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cd gcc-*
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ln -s ../mpfr-* mpfr
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ln -s ../gmp-* gmp
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ln -s ../mpc-* mpc
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ln -s ../cloog-* cloog
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cd ..
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```
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Compiling the sources
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---------------------
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Okay, now we have to build two packages. One is called *binutils*, which includes linker, assembler and other
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useful commands.
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```sh
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cd binutils-*
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configure --prefix=/usr/local/cross-compiler --target=aarch64-elf \
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--enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-libmpx --with-system-zlib --with-isl --enable-__cxa_atexit \
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--disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-clocale=gnu --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-libssp --enable-plugin \
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--disable-linker-build-id --enable-lto --enable-install-libiberty --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --with-gnu-ld\
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--enable-gnu-indirect-function --disable-multilib --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-default-pie \
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--enable-default-ssp --enable-gnu-unique-object
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make -j4
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make install
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```
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The first argument tells the configure script to install the build in `/usr/local/cross-compiler`. The second
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specifies the target architecture, for which we want the tools to be compiled. The other arguments turn specific
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options on and off, don't bother. It's enough to know they are appropriately tweeked for an embedded system compiler.
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And the second package, of course we'll need the *gcc compiler* itself.
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```sh
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cd gcc-*
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configure --prefix=/usr/local/cross-compiler --target=aarch64-elf --enable-languages=c \
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--enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-libmpx --with-system-zlib --with-isl --enable-__cxa_atexit \
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--disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-clocale=gnu --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-libssp --enable-plugin \
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--disable-linker-build-id --enable-lto --enable-install-libiberty --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --with-gnu-ld\
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--enable-gnu-indirect-function --disable-multilib --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-default-pie \
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--enable-default-ssp --enable-gnu-unique-object
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make -j4 all-gcc
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make install-gcc
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```
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Here we specify the same directory and architecture as before. We also tell to compile only the C compiler, as gcc
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otherwise would support tons of languages we don't need. This reduces the compilation time significantly. The remaining
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arguments are the same as with binutils.
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Now check `bin` folder in your `/usr/local/cross-compiler` directory. You should see a lot of executables there. You
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probably also want to add this directory to your PATH environment variable.
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```sh
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$ ls /usr/local/cross-compiler/bin
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aarch64-elf-addr2line aarch64-elf-elfedit aarch64-elf-gcc-ranlib aarch64-elf-ld aarch64-elf-ranlib
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aarch64-elf-ar aarch64-elf-gcc aarch64-elf-gcov aarch64-elf-ld.bfd aarch64-elf-readelf
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aarch64-elf-as aarch64-elf-gcc-7.2.0 aarch64-elf-gcov-dump aarch64-elf-nm aarch64-elf-size
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aarch64-elf-c++filt aarch64-elf-gcc-ar aarch64-elf-gcov-tool aarch64-elf-objcopy aarch64-elf-strings
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aarch64-elf-cpp aarch64-elf-gcc-nm aarch64-elf-gprof aarch64-elf-objdump aarch64-elf-strip
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```
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The executables we are interested in:
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- aarch64-elf-as - the assembler
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- aarch64-elf-gcc - the C compiler
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- aarch64-elf-ld - the linker
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- aarch64-elf-objcopy - to convert ELF executable into IMG format
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- aarch64-elf-objdump - utility to disassemble executables (for debugging)
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- aarch64-elf-readelf - an useful utility to dump sections and segments in executables (for debugging)
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If you have all of the above six executables and you can also run them without error messages, congrats!
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You have all the tools needed, you can start to work with my tutorials!
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