mirror of
https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-raspberrypi-OS-tutorials.git
synced 2024-11-11 07:10:59 +00:00
141 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
141 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
# Operating System development tutorials in Rust on the Raspberry Pi
|
||
|
||
    
|
||
|
||
<br/>
|
||
|
||
<img src="doc/header.jpg" height="390"> <img src="doc/minipush_demo_frontpage.gif" height="390">
|
||
|
||
## ℹ️ Introduction
|
||
|
||
This is a tutorial series for hobby OS developers who are new to ARM's 64 bit
|
||
[ARMv8-A architecture]. The tutorials will give a guided, step-by-step tour of
|
||
how to write a [monolithic] Operating System `kernel` for an `embedded system`
|
||
from scratch. They cover implementation of common Operating Systems tasks, like
|
||
writing to the serial console, setting up virtual memory and handling HW
|
||
exceptions. All while leveraging `Rust`'s unique features to provide for safety
|
||
and speed.
|
||
|
||
_Cheers, Andre ([@andre-richter])_
|
||
|
||
P.S.: In the future, Chinese :cn: versions of the tutorials will be maintained as [`README.CN.md`](README.CN.md) by [@colachg] and [@readlnh].
|
||
|
||
[ARMv8-A architecture]: https://developer.arm.com/products/architecture/cpu-architecture/a-profile/docs
|
||
[monolithic]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic_kernel
|
||
[@andre-richter]: https://github.com/andre-richter
|
||
[@colachg]: https://github.com/colachg
|
||
[@readlnh]: https://github.com/readlnh
|
||
|
||
## 📑 Organization
|
||
|
||
- Each tutorial contains a stand-alone, bootable `kernel` binary.
|
||
- Each new tutorial extends the previous one.
|
||
- Each tutorial `README` will have a short `tl;dr` section giving a brief
|
||
overview of the additions, and show the source code `diff` to the previous
|
||
tutorial, so that you can conveniently inspect the changes/additions.
|
||
- Some tutorials have a full-fledged, detailed text in addition to the `tl;dr`
|
||
section. The long-term plan is that all tutorials get a full text, but for now
|
||
this is exclusive to tutorials where I think that `tl;dr` and `diff` are not
|
||
enough to get the idea.
|
||
- The code written in these tutorials supports and runs on the **Raspberry Pi
|
||
3** and the **Raspberry Pi 4**.
|
||
- Tutorials 1 till 5 are groundwork code which only makes sense to run in
|
||
`QEMU`.
|
||
- Starting with [tutorial 6](06_drivers_gpio_uart), you can load and run the
|
||
kernel on Raspberrys and observe output over `UART`.
|
||
- Although the Raspberry Pi 3 and 4 are the main target boards, the code is
|
||
written in a modular fashion which allows for easy porting to other CPU
|
||
architectures and/or boards.
|
||
- I would really love if someone takes a shot at a **RISC-V** implementation!
|
||
- For editing, I recommend [Visual Studio Code] with [Rust Analyzer].
|
||
- In addition to the tutorial text, also check out the `make doc` command to
|
||
browse the code with HTML goodness.
|
||
|
||
[Visual Studio Code]: https://code.visualstudio.com
|
||
[Rust Analyzer]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io
|
||
|
||
## 🚀 Ease of use
|
||
|
||
This series tries to put a strong focus on user friendliness. Therefore, I made
|
||
efforts to eliminate the biggest painpoint in embedded development: Toolchain
|
||
hassles.
|
||
|
||
Users eager to try the code will not be bothered with complicated toolchain
|
||
installation/compilation steps. This is achieved by using the standard Rust
|
||
toolchain as much as possible, and provide all additional tooling through an
|
||
accompanying Docker container. The container will be pulled in automagically
|
||
once it is needed. The only requirement is that you have [installed Docker for
|
||
your distro](https://docs.docker.com/install/).
|
||
|
||
The development setup consists of the following components:
|
||
|
||
- Compiler, linker and binutils are used from Rust nightly.
|
||
- Additional OS Dev tools, like `QEMU` or `GDB`, are provided by [this
|
||
container](docker/rustembedded-osdev-utils).
|
||
|
||
If you want to know more about docker and peek at the the container used for the
|
||
tutorials, please refer to the repository's [docker](docker) folder.
|
||
|
||
## 🛠 Prerequisites
|
||
|
||
Before you can start, you must install a suitable Rust toolchain:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf \
|
||
| \
|
||
sh -s -- \
|
||
--default-toolchain nightly-2019-12-20 \
|
||
--component rust-src llvm-tools-preview rustfmt
|
||
|
||
source $HOME/.cargo/env
|
||
cargo install cargo-xbuild cargo-binutils
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In case you use `Visual Studio Code`, I strongly recommend installing the
|
||
[Rust Analyzer extension] as well.
|
||
|
||
[Rust Analyzer extension]: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=matklad.rust-analyzer
|
||
|
||
## 📟 USB Serial Output
|
||
|
||
Since the kernel developed in the tutorials runs on the real hardware, it is
|
||
highly recommended to get a USB serial debug cable to make the experience.
|
||
The cable also powers the Raspberry once you connect it, so you don't need extra
|
||
power over the dedicated power-USB.
|
||
|
||
- I use a bunch of [these serial cables](https://www.amazon.de/dp/B0757FQ5CX/ref=cm_sw_r_tw_dp_U_x_ozGRDbVTJAG4Q).
|
||
- You connect it to the GPIO pins `14/15` as shown below.
|
||
- [Tutorial 6](06_drivers_gpio_uart) is the first where you can use it.
|
||
Check it out for instructions on how to prepare the SD card to boot your
|
||
self-made kernel from it.
|
||
- Starting with [tutorial 7](07_uart_chainloader), booting kernels on your
|
||
Raspberry is getting _really_ comfortable. In this tutorial, a so-called
|
||
`chainloader` is developed, which will be the last file you need to manually
|
||
copy on the SD card for a while. It will enable you to load the tutorial
|
||
kernels during boot on demand over `UART`.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 🙌 Acknowledgements
|
||
|
||
The original version of the tutorials started out as a fork of [Zoltan
|
||
Baldaszti](https://github.com/bztsrc)'s awesome [tutorials on bare metal
|
||
programming on RPi3](https://github.com/bztsrc/raspi3-tutorial) in `C`. Thanks
|
||
for giving me a head start!
|
||
|
||
## License
|
||
|
||
Licensed under either of
|
||
|
||
* Apache License, Version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
|
||
* MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
|
||
|
||
at your option.
|
||
|
||
### Contribution
|
||
|
||
Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted
|
||
for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be
|
||
dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.
|
||
|