pikvm/pages/Community_FAQ.md

Community FAQ

Can this be used for gaming? Why not?

• ❗No❗, the max bus lanes the Pi provides, is not enough to support anything faster than 30 FPS. Your better off looking at other solutions for this.
• ❗No❗, PiKVM does not capture and transmit audio at this time. The developers have indicated that this may be available for the v3 hat at some point in the future, but it is not a priority for development at this time.

Can this do 4K?

• For the CSI Bridge, ❗No❗. there is not enough bandwidth in the CSI bus for that much data. 1080p50 will max out the bandwidth
• For the USB capture devices: Technically yes, but they will downsample to something smaller to meet the usb2.0 bandwidth limitations, so the source may be 4k, but the stream will not.

Why so much latency between the screen and target?

• capture device+compression+network+decompression+external network(if applicable)

Is Pi-KVM an OS or its own Distro?

• Yes and No, Other than the some repacking and patches, its heavly based off an existing Arch Linux ARM.

Why are you using Arch Linux?

• The developer was more familiar with Arch Linux so this was chosen as the base operating system. As a Linux distribution, it has more in common than not with other distributions.
  
  As an appliance, users are not expected to interact with the host operating system often, if at all. There are some distribution-specific differences, by default networking is done using either systemd-networkd or netctl but NetworkManager can be used as a replacement if one prefers.

Can I power the Pi via POE?

• Yes! But you will still need to ensure you isolate the 5v connection between the Raspberry Pi and host PC to prevent backpower issues that can cause instability or damage to either the host PC or the Pi.

Do I need a power splitter? Why do I need one?

• Yes for RPi4, No for ZeroW
• Yes, otherwise you could back power the pi and or the target
• You can get a Y cable from amazon and mod one of the leads - Please see getting started guide - or see below for non modding of Y cable
• You can get a power splitter board from Tindi or PiShop (Links provided below)
• If you have the v3 HAT - This is built in

I can't get the KVM KB to work on my ZeroW!

Make sure that you did NOT modify your config.txt file, this is the default:

# See /boot/overlays/README for all available options
initramfs initramfs-linux.img followkernel
hdmi_force_hotplug=1
gpu_mem=64
enable_uart=1
dtoverlay=tc358743,i2c_pins_28_29=1
dtoverlay=disable-bt
dtoverlay=dwc2,dr_mode=peripheral

Ensure that you have the cable(Needs to support both power/data) plugged into the right port, the one closest to the mini HDMI is the correct port

Can I use a KB on my ZeroW?

• Yes but kb/mouse passthrough will not work. Its one or the other
• edit /boot/config.txt
  • Host mode - Comment out dtoverlay=dwc2
  • Passthrough mode - Uncomment out dtoverlay=dwc2

Can you have the pi-kvm(RPi4) connected along with a monitor?

• A community member has had success with the following: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B08DQWLXF1
• Some Alternitives
  • If you have two outputs, you may be able to use screen mirroring from the OS but not BIOS
  • If you have one output or need access from both a local monitor or Pi-KVM at boot time, one of the following options may work:
  • Passthrough HDMI capture devices (sometimes referred to as a loop capture device). The Elgato devices DO NOT WORK! Look for Linux OS support when choosing a device, the expected price range is about $35-$70 US.
  • Depending on your capture device, an HDMI splitter may work but will need what is called an EDID (Extended Device ID) generator, the monitor and capture device both generate EDID so the splitter must produce its own separate EDID for the host.
  • Look for HDMI splitters - although there have been reports that these are not stable
    • Please use the search function in Discord, some users have had sucess in getting this to work but your mileage may vary
  • The better solution is to capture the stream in a dir and then use VLC to stream to that capture on another computer. This will result in fps loss.

Wouldn't it be good to have different hostnames for your multitude of pi-kvms?

Yes! And it's easy to do! Using a SSH session or the web terminal:

• Make sure you're root, if you're not root use the su command to become root
• Enter read write mode of the PiKVM by executing the rw command
• Execute: hostnamectl set-hostname yournewhostname.domain
• Optional: Edit /etc/kvmd/meta.yaml to alter the displayed hostname in the web UI
• Reboot the pikvm

In the Web Terminal, how do I get root? Also found here.

• Type su -
• Put root for the password

I want to do something not related to Pi-KVM

• It's recommended that you review Arch documents related to what you want to do, while there are several folks in discord who can help, there is no obligation...they do it for the feels. So if you don't get an answer within the time frame you are looking for, it's advised you start google searching for what you want.

Can this be used in any other distro’s like Rasbian? Run this in a Docker?

• Not at this time, maybe in the future

My Pi keeps disconnecting from my wireless! What do I do?

• You can try the following: Edit "/etc/conf.d/wireless-regdom" and look for your region and uncomment it. Example: WIRELESS_REGDOM="US"

I want a static IP!!

• You can configure systemd-networkd for a static address for ethernet NIC. Config file is /etc/systemd/network/eth0.network
• For wireless adapter, config file is /etc/netctl/wlan0-
• See pikvm/wifi_config.md at master · pikvm/pikvm · GitHub for details on how to get basic wireless config with DHCP going. Afterwards, you’ll need to edit the /etc/netctl/wlan0- file changing the IP=dhcp line with the following lines updated to reflect your network:

IP=static
Address=('192.168.X.XXX/24')
Gateway=('192.168.X.X')
DNS=("192.168.X.X 1.0.0.1 1.1.1.1")

• You can also reserve the IP in your dhcp server (Quicker)

Why do I keep getting a different IP?

• Add to, /etc/systemd/network/eth0.network

[DHCP]
ClientIdentifier=mac

• Reserve the DHCP ip in your server/router
• You can replace systemd-networkd with NetworkManager, this has proven to fix the IP issue with DHCP for some routers

HELP!! I can't find the IP on the ZeroW/RPi4

• Open a browser and type: pikvm, still doesnt work?
• Use the FING mobile app to scan your network, its free
• Install Angry IP scanner, tools/preferences/Display results in the results list/Select Alive hosts, modify IP range, hit start
• Using FF, navigate to https://pikvm (Depends on your network if this actually works, in most case's will work))
  • The below commands will verify that your Pi on on your network

arp -a | grep below is a list of MAC's for Raspberry Pi
	B8:27:EB:xx:xx:xx	B8-27-EB-xx-xx-xx	B827.EBxx.xxxx
	DC:A6:32:xx:xx:xx	DC-A6-32-xx-xx-xx	DCA6.32xx.xxxx
	E4:5F:01:xx:xx:xx	E4-5F-01-xx-xx-xx	E45F.01xx.xxxx
Power shell: arp -a | findstr 'b8-27-eb' (Replace with the above, all lower case)

• For older flashed images you can do the following
  • Open web terminal and go to root, rw then nano /etc/issue
  • add IP: \4
  • Once you reboot, you will now see the IP in the upper left

Help! I ran out of room! What now?

• You’ve cached package updates you no longer need.
• Enter read/write mode by executing rw as root
• Execute the following as root to clear the package cache

rm -rf /var/cache/pacman/pkg/*

• Exit read/write mode by executing ro as root
• You can also use gparted to resize partitions without losing data, although this may delete all of your data

Can you connect a camera to this and still make pikvm functional?

• Yes, any cheapo webcam can be used in place of the usb dongle, please use the usb image
• A PiCam will NOT work

I have a question that is not answered here!! Now what?

• Please look at all pins on Discord
• Please look in #news on Discord

HELP!! Something isn't working!!

• What was the last thing or most recent thing you did? Did you undo it?
• Did you hook this to anything else? If not why not?
• Did you try different cables?

Can you use an iPad on PiKVM?

• Yes, with the correct hardware you can control an iPad
• Yes, activate VNC and use JUMP app(Full featured but more expensive), or bVNC(Not recommended, lack luster features but cheap). RealVNC does NOT work

Can I use RealVNC/Guacamole to connect to PiKVM?

• No, RealVNC is not a real vnc so will not work
• No, Guacamole supports a minimum of VNC capabilities and is fundamentally incompatible with Pi-KVM (for example, it does not support JPEG for video compression).

How do I add my own SSL cert?

• If you have a certificate(❗Making a cert falls outside the scope of PIKVM - Please reference Linux documentation❗), replace the public key in /etc/kvmd/nginx/ssl/server.crt and private key in /etc/kvmd/nginx/ssl/server.key and restart the kvmd-nginx service.
• It should look like the following:

cd /etc/kvmd/nginx
cat ssl.conf (Expection of what's inside the file)
ssl_protocols TLSv1.3 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.1 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers "EECDH+AESGCM:EDH+AESGCM:AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH";
ssl_certificate /etc/kvmd/nginx/ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/kvmd/nginx/ssl/server.key;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;

How do I emulate various USB devices on the target machine?

By default this is what is set:

otg:
    manufacturer: Pi-KVM
    max_power: 250
    product: Composite KVM Device
    product_id: 260
    serial: CAFEBABE
    udc: ''
    user: kvmd
    vendor_id: 7531

You can change how this is displayed with the following example: nano /etc/kvmd/override.yaml

otg:
    manufacturer: Corsair
    product: Corsair Gaming RGB
    serial:
    vendor_id: 6940
    product_id: 6973

Use the following USB Data Base to get the desired devices: https://the-sz.com/products/usbid/ for simple searches, please use https://devicehunt.com for a more detailed output of usb devices.

❗NOTE❗ You may need to include 0x0 in the id string's for it to work properly.

• Example:
  • vendor_id: 0x06940

Things to do after initial install:

• Fix date: 'timedatectl list-timezones' then 'timedatectl set-timezone America/Los_Angeles' (Change to your location)
• Update Pi-KVM, follow #news on Discord for instructions
• Enable Avahi-Daemon (A Zeroconf daemon) to allow finding the pikvm via mDNS queries as pikvm.local
  • pacman -S avahi nss-mdns
  • gtk3 python-dbus python-gobject (You may or may not need this to make it work)
  • Enable the Avahi daemon in order to make it persistent after reboot:

systemctl enable avahi-daemon.service

• Start the DBus (if not already running) & Avahi daemons:

systemctl start dbus.service
systemctl start avahi-daemon.service

• Setup a NFS share to give read/write storage on the read only pikvm
  • Note: this does assume you already have an NFS server on your network and accessible to pikvm
  • Source https://linuxhint.com/install_configure_nfs/

pacman -S nfs-utils
showmount -e 192.168.1.XXX
mount -t nfs 192.168.1.XXX:/volume1/Data /mnt/Data
nano /etc/fstab

Add To the bottom of the file

192.168.1.XXX:/volume1/Data /mnt/Data nfs      auto,rw,soft    0 0

Can I have a RW FS all of the time?

• YES! BUT its not recommended, however this is what you can do:nano /boot/cmdline.txt & nano /etc/fstab Change ro to rw and change the /boot line from ro to rw

Troubleshooting

• ❗It is expected that you are aware of basic networking while working on this project and that you have read up on the project prior to going to Discord❗

  • Do you know the IP?
  • Can you ping the IP?
  • Did you swap cables?
  • Did you swap the eth port to a known working eth port?
  • Do you have access to another router or switch?
  • Did you change ports on the router/switch?
  • RPi4 - Did you hook up a monitor? Once logged in, can you ping to your gateway? Other IP's on the same network?
  • Did you connect a monitor to the target? Does it work?
  • Did you connect the PIKVM to the target directly? Does it work?

• Reboot target

• Try default image, do not update and test

-copy/paste into a file, call it pi-info.sh, chmod +x pi-info.sh, ./pi-info.sh Same script is located here

#!/bin/bash
uptime
TMPFILE="/tmp/pacmanquery"; /bin/rm -f $TMPFILE
pacman -Q | awk '{print $2, $1}' > $TMPFILE
chmod go+w $TMPFILE

pistat && echo

printf "%-18s\t%s\n" "Version" "Package-Name" "----------------------" "-----------------------------"

PACKAGES="firmware bootloader kvmd ustreamer nginx wpa wireless"
for PKG in $( echo $PACKAGES ); do
        printf "%-18s\t%s\n" $(grep $PKG $TMPFILE | sed 's/-[1-9]//g')
done

dmesg | grep tc35 - CSI

dmesg | egrep '1-1.[245]|uvc' - USB

systemctl status kvmd

systemctl status kvmd-otg

• hint: look at kvmd-platform line of the output... make sure it matches the image they expect for the capture device and platform

• Keyboard/Mouse icons orange? Try a different cable (ALLOT are power only), try a different usb port

• Should see the following if everything is in place

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Apr  5 21:33 /dev/kvmd-hid-keyboard -> hidg0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Apr  5 21:33 /dev/kvmd-hid-mouse -> hidg1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Mar 15 09:07 /dev/kvmd-video -> video0

Common Commands for troubleshooting Pi-KVM

• journalctl -u kvmd
• journalctl -u kvmd-vnc
• journalctl -u kvmd-ipmi

Common ARCH commands

• search - pacman -Ss 'the thing'
• install - pacman -S 'the thing'
• remove - pacman -Rscnd 'the thing'

Common wifi commands

• iwconfig manipulate the basic wireless parameters

• iwlist allow's you to initiate scanning and list frequencies, bit-rates, encryption keys…

• iwspy displays per node link quality

• iwpriv allow's you to manipulate the Wireless Extensions specific to a driver (private)

• Some examples

iw dev wlan0 scan | egrep "signal:|SSID:" | sed -e "s/\tsignal: //" -e "s/\tSSID: //" | awk '{ORS = (NR % 2 == 0)? "\n" : " "; print}' | sort

iwlist wlan0 scan | egrep "Cell|ESSID|Signal|Rates"

iwlist wlan0 scan

iw wlan0 info

Bootup/power issues

• PiKVM won’t boot past “rainbow” screen
  • Are you plugged into the right HDMI port? Needs to be the one next to the power
  • Have you reflashed your SD card?

PiKVM Complains about low power warnings

• Are you using a proper power supply? Not one you hacked together
• Some USB power bricks advertise 5V @ 2.1A or higher, but can’t deliver consistent 5V. Best to use rpi foundation recommended power supplies

USB Video Capture Issues

• Make sure this is a capture card and not an adapter (HDMI->USB)

HDMI-CSI Capture issues

• Have you reset the Target PC?
• Are you sure it's a bridge and not an extender? There is a difference
• Did you make sure it's plugged into the right port? It needs to say Camera NOT Display
• Did you try another ribbon cable?
• Did you reseat the ribbon cable?
• Is the ribbon cable facing the right way? Needs to be towards the PCB (Green or Black)

Capturing video from non HDMI sources

• TBD

Keyboard/Mouse Issues

• TBD

OTG Keyboard/Mouse Connection

• TBD

Arduino Keyboard Mouse Connection (UART wiring)

• TBD

Arduino Keyboard/Mouse Connection (SPI Wiring)

• TBD

ATX Control Issues

• TBD

HDMI KVM Interface Issues

• TBD

Connection issues

• TBD

Misc stuff

• Fully working example of a Pi4 USB-HDMI KVM attached to AIMOS 4-port HDMI KVM switch (8 port is on AliExpress), with keyboard hotkey switching between inputs, and mass storage media emulation on a Pi Zero W https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wgBZHxwpbJWkJBD3I8ZkZxSDxt0DdNDDYRNtVoL_vK4
• Useful scripts that enhance the Pi-KVM's functionality https://pastebin.com/u/srepac

Useful links

• https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/kvm-over-ip-raspberry-pi - Very good article on PI-KVM setup
• Current 3D cases that support the various Pi-KVM hardware configurations:

https://www.thingiverse.com/search?q=pi-kvm&type=things&sort=relevant
https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4799094

As of March 2021, Out of Stock or hard to get, all have exceptionally LONG shipping dates - Could try AliExpress or get a usb2hdmi dongle from Amazon, please ask or search in Discord for the best known working one

Ezcoo KVM - Goes out of stock frequently
CSI2-HDMI bridge w/ TC358743XBG chip - Goes out of stock freqently 
Alternative names for the same devices:
Tiamu	  	Sling	    	Yazan	    	Ningwang	Essenc	  	Geekworm
Fauge	  	Haudang	  	AKAT	    	Docoop	    	Katigan	  	Lyusa (recommended by mdevaev)
LNIMI	  	cherrypop	Lopbinte	Uang	      	Tuneway	  	Mustwell
Facibom		Binchil	  	Cobeky	  	Ctzrzyt	    	Davitu	

• Community recommended USB capture card
• Community recommended Loop device that allows Monitor+PiKVM