pikvm/README.md

Open and cheap DIY IP-KVM based on Raspberry Pi

A very simple and fully functional Raspberry Pi-based KVM (Keyboard-Video-Mouse) over IP that you can make with your own hands. This device helps to manage servers or workstations remotely, regardless of the health of the operating system or whether one is installed. You can fix any problem, configure the BIOS, and even reinstall the OS using the virtual CD-ROM or Flash Drive.

The website: pikvm.org. Also check out the documentation and join to the Discord Community Chat for news, questions and support!

>>> DIY Device Getting Started <<<	>>> PiKVM v3 HAT Getting Started <<<
DIY Review by Novaspirit Tech Hackaday & Tom's HARDWARE & Elector MAG Our boring presentation for the DIY :)	PiKVM v3 Review by Novaspirit Tech Another review by Level1Techs Review by The Geek Freaks (DE)

Web UI

Features

• Supported Raspberry Pi 2, 3, 4, ZeroW and Zero2W;
• FullHD video using advanced HDMI-to-CSI bridge or USB dongle;
• Extra low video latency with MJPEG or H.264 / WebRTC (for CSI bridge);
• Bootable Virtual CD-ROM and Flash Drive;
• USB Keyboard and mouse (with leds and the wheel), PS/2 keyboard, Bluetooth HID;
• Control the server power using ATX functions;
• Access via Web UI or VNC;
• Ability to use IPMI BMC, IPMI SoL, Redfish and Wake-on-LAN to control the server;
• The ready-made OS with read-only filesystem;
• Extensible authorization and HTTPS out of the box;
• Health monitoring of the Pi;
• Control GPIO ports and USB relays;
• It only costs between $30 and $100 for parts!
• 100% Open Source!

More indepth details about the PiKVM features

Fully-featured and modern IP-KVM

• Cheaper, but better than commercial solutions
  Costs between $30 and $100 depending on the features desired. Even the most expensive configuration will be cheaper than a $500 commercial IP-KVM.
• Easy to build - For the v0 variant
  A ready-to-use OS that can be created just by running make build and installed to an SD-card using make install. The hardware can be made in half an hour and without soldering.
• The widest hardware support
  There are many ways to build a PiKVM. Video capture devices can be attached using the CSI-2 or USB interfaces. Raspberry Pi models 2, 3, 4, ZeroW or Zero2W may be used. Any combination of hardware is supported, and PiKVM implements the maximum possible set of features.
• Very low latency
  ~100 milliseconds of video latency. This is the smallest delay of all existing solutions.
• Extra lightweight and fancy Web UI
  No weird proprietary clients. No ugly Java applets. Just use your favorite browser to connect to the PiKVM. No flash plugins either!
• Keyboard and mouse
  Mouse usage works directly in the browser. The keyboard emulator supports displaying the state of the keyboard LEDs.
• Mass Storage Drive
  On the Raspberry Pi 4, ZeroW and Zero2W, PiKVM can emulate a virtual CD-ROM or Flash Drive. A live image can be uploaded to boot the attached server.
• ATX power management
  With a very simple circuit that can be assembled on a breadboard, the power button of the attached server can be controlled using the ATX button headers on the motherboard.
• Security
  PiKVM can be opened to the Internet and no one will get access without the password. SSL is used to protect traffic from being intercepted by third parties.
• Local monitoring
  PiKVM monitors the health of the Raspberry Pi board and will warn you if it's too hot or is not receiving enough power.
• GPIO management You can control GPIO and USB relays via the web interface. The extensible interface allows you to make anything out of it.

Production-ready

• Linux-based embedded OS
  The PiKVM OS is based on Arch Linux ARM and can be customized for any needs. Thousands of pre-built binary packages are at your service and can be updated with a single command!
• Read-only filesystem
  By default the OS runs in read-only mode, as an embedded system should. This prevents damage to the memory card due to a sudden power outage.
• VNC server
  The managed server and its BIOS can be accessed using a regular VNC client which supports JPEG compression.
• IPMI BMC and Redfish
  Use ipmitool, ipmiutil or any existing network infrastructure that supports IPMI to monitor and manage the server's power. Redfish and redfishtool supported too.
• Wake-on-LAN
  PiKVM can be configured to power up a managed server using WoL. This will be available in the Web menu.
• Extensible authorization methods
  Multiple PiKVMs can be configured to use a common authorization service. PAM and its rich authorization mechanisms can also be used to integrate PiKVM into your existing authentication infrastructure.
• Macro scripts
  If repetitive actions must be performed on the attached server (or on several different servers), a macro can be recorded with keyboard & mouse actions and can be played back multiple times.

Open Source

• Community & support
  PiKVM has a large community. Join the discord chat if you have any questions.
• Extensible
  PiKVM was designed as a set of microservices with a plug-in architecture. It's very easy to modify and maintain.
• Comprehensive API
  Everything that can be done via the user interface can also be done via a powerful HTTP API.
• Know-how
  We created our very own MJPG video server written in C with multi-threading support and GPU video encoding - the fastest streaming solution available to provide the best video quality for PiKVM. We also tested a lot of hardware configurations so that you can be sure devices you assemble will work reliably.

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DIY Getting Started

Required hardware

PiKVM supports several different hardware configurations, referred to as platforms. Now available: v2 and v0.

• Recommended: v2 is the most modern implementation for Raspberry Pi 4, ZeroW and Zero2W supporting all of the features of PiKVM including the Mass Storage Drive. For Raspberry Pi 4 and Zero2W (not for ZeroW), there is support for H.264 video.. It's also the easiest to make.
• v0 was designed to work with Raspberry Pi 2 and 3 that do not have OTG and requires a few more components for a basic implementation. It also does not support the Mass Storage Drive feature.

Hardware for v2

• Raspberry Pi board:

  • Recommended: Raspberry Pi 4 (2 GB model is enough) for the best performance. However, the 1Gb models will also work.
  • ... or Raspberry Pi Zero2W (no ethernet).
  • ... or Raspberry Pi ZeroW (slower alternative, no ethernet).

• MicroSD card (min 16 GB recommended).

• USB-A 3A charger (female socket) or official rpi recommended power supply.

• Video capture device:

  • Recommended: HDMI to CSI-2 bridge based on TC358743 - low latency, more reliable, H.264 video.
  • ... or HDMI to USB dongle (not available for ZeroW and Zero2W) - high latency >200ms, not very reliable), H.264 is not supported.

• Only for Raspberry Pi 4: parts for Y-splitter cable (one variant at your choice):

  • ❗Variant #1❗: (No mod solution - Amazon) Y cable with power blocker ends.

    • 1x USB-A to USB-A cable (male-male).
    • 1x Official Power Supply (USB-A or USB-C).
    • 1x splitter - This may need to be searched in your respecitve country.
    • USB Power Blocker - Will go into the USB-A end towards the target
  • ❗Variant #2❗: DIY for soldering or twist.

    • 1x USB-A to USB-C cable (male-male).
    • 1x another cable USB-A to any (male-any).
    • 1x Official Power Supply (USB-A or USB-C) depending on what cable you choose above.
  • ❗Variant #3❗: Ready-made using USB-micro splitter.

    • 1x USB/Power Splitter Module (UK/US/CA).
    • 1x USB-A to USB-C cable (male-male) for connecting the Raspberry Pi to the splitter.
    • 1x USB-A to micro USB-B cable (male-male) for connecting the server to the splitter.
    • 1x USB-A to micro USB-B cable (male-male) to connect into a USB-A wall charger. Or you also can buy the official Raspberry Pi Power Supply with micro USB-B instead.
  • ❗Variant #4❗: Ready-made using USB-C splitter.

    • 1x USB-C/Power Splitter Module (UK/US/CA).
    • 1x USB-C to USB-C cable (male-male) for connecting the Raspberry Pi to the splitter.
    • 1x USB-A to USB-C cable (male-male) for connecting the server to the splitter.
    • 1x USB-A to USB-C cable (male-male) to connect into a USB-A wall charger. Or 1x USB-C to USB-C cable to connect into a USB-C wall charger. Or you also can buy the official Raspberry Pi Power Supply with USB-C instead.

• Only for Raspberry Pi ZeroW and Zero2W:

  • 2x USB A-to-micro cables (male-male, for power and keyboard & mouse emulator). A power splitter OR a modded cable is required for this 2x usb configuration. 1x USB A-to-Micro is ONLY needed for direct connection to the target.
  • 1x Raspberry Pi Zero Camera Cable (if using HDMI to CSI-2 Bridge, but not compatible with Auvidea B101, check pinout).

• For ATX control (optional):

  • 4x MOSFET relays OMRON G3VM-61A1.
  • 4x 390 Ohm resistors.
  • 2x 4.7k Ohm resistors.
  • A breadboard and wires.

A few words about HDMI-USB dongle (H.264 is NOT officially supported at this time)

The dongle is completely supported and PiKVM works great with it. But it has some disadvantages compared with recommended HDMI-CSI bridge: USB gives a lot of latency (200ms vs 100ms for MJPEG) and it doesn't support stream compression control (you won't be able to use PiKVM in a place with a poor internet connection). There is no H.264 support at the moment. It also cannot automatically detect screen resolution. All this is caused by the hardware limitations of the dongle itself. In addition, some users report hardware problems: the dongle may not work in the BIOS or simply stop working after a while. It's a black box, and no one knows what's inside it. If you have problems with it, it will not be possible to fix them.

Hardware for v0

• Raspberry Pi 2 or 3.
• MicroSD card (8 GB is enough).
• USB-A 3A charger (female socket) or power supply.
• For keyboard & mouse emulator (HID):
  • Arduino Pro Micro (based on an ATMega32u4).
  • Logic level shifter.
  • 1x NPN transistor (almost any NPN transistor: 2n2222 or similar).
  • 1x 390 Ohm resistor.
  • A breadboard and wires.
• 2x USB A-to-micro cables (male-male, for power and HID).
• HDMI capture device: see v2 description.
• ATX control (optional): see v2 description.

Addition

• If you want to capture VGA from your server instead of HDMI, buy the VGA-to-HDMI converter.
• PiKVM can be powered using PoE, but it is not recommend to use the official PoE HAT: it is unreliable and not compatible with the HDMI bridge. Use any other PoE hat without an I2C fan controller.
• Don't use random relay modules or random optocouplers! Some relays or optocouplers may not be sensitive enough for the Raspberry Pi, some others may be low-level controlled. Either use relays that are activated by a high logic level, or follow the design provided and buy an OMRON. See details here.

How to set up the device can be seen from here

PiKVM v3 HAT

We have developed our own HAT for the Raspberry Pi 4.

>>> Buy PiKVM v3 HAT right now! <<<

>>> PiKVM v3 HAT User Guide <<<

• HDMI video capture for extra low latency with MJPEG or H.264/WebRTC (1080p 50Hz max).
• HDMI audio capture (supported by hardware, software work in progress).
• USB keyboard & mouse, bootable Virtual CD-ROM & Flash Drive;
• Ability to simulate "removal and insertion" for USB.
• Onboard ATX controller to manage the server's power.
• PWM fan controller.
• A real-time clock for accurate logging.
• CISCO-style and USB serial console port (to manage PiKVM OS or to connect the server).
• Optional OLED screen to display network status or other desired information.
• No need for soldering or breadboarding. It's a ready-made, reliable board which you can use yourself or provide to your clients.

Watch the video:

• PiKVM v3 Review by Novaspirit Tech
• Another review by Level1Techs
• Review by The Geek Freaks (DE)

History:

• PiKVM v3 HAT on Kickstarter (huge success

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Setting up the hardware

Connecting the video capture

For the HDMI-CSI bridge

❗Click to show the instructions❗

Insert the flexible flat cable of the HDMI bridge into the narrow white connector on the Raspberry Pi (the closest one to big USB sockets). It is labeled CAMERA. To insert you need to open the connector first. On the Raspberry Pi side you can gently lift the black part up and a little bit sideways:

Opening the MIPI CSI-2 slot on the Raspberry Pi

For the HDMI-CSI bridge it depends on the version you bought. Either pull it gently up as on the Raspberry or push it sideways. Make sure that the cable is inserted on the correct side and until it stops, and then push the black latch back. Never connect or disconnect the flat cable from a powered device. This is not Plug-and-Play, and you can damage it. Also use only the cable that was included with the device package, or make sure that the third-party cable has the correct pinout.

HDMI-CSI-2 bridge connected to Raspberry Pi 4

For the HDMI-USB dongle

❗Click to show the instructions❗

Connect USB dongle to exactly this port. It is bound in the software so the OS does not confuse the video device with something else.

Raspberry Pi 2 and 3	Raspberry Pi 4

There are many revisions of the Raspberry Pi boards and you may come across one that we haven't tested. If the binding fails, the device will be available for all ports. Everything will work, but if you use a webcam and Linux mistakes it for a dongle, write to us and we will fix it.

Setting up the v2

❗Click to show the instructions❗

Here is a diagram shows that how to connect all of the pieces (click to full size).

ATX control board	USB splitter cable (only for Raspberry Pi 4)

Raspberry Pi 4: since one USB-C female connector is used to receive power and perform keyboard/mouse/drive emulation a special Y-cable must be made that splits the DATA and POWER lines of USB-C (see reasons). It can be made from two suitable connecting cables, or soldered together from scratch. Be sure to check the circuit diagram below, otherwise you may damage your devices. The appropriate USB pinout(s) can easily be found on Google. Please note that if you make a Y-cable from two no-name cables, the colors of the wires may not match those shown. Use a multimeter to make sure the connections are correct.

Raspberry Pi Zero (2) W: This board has two USB micro connectors: one for power supply, the second for emulating a USB OTG device. You need to prevent backpowering as in the RPi4 case. To do this, you need to cut off the red power wire in the OTG wire, or seal the +5v pin in the USB-A connector with electrical tape like this:

** REQUIRED ** A full 8 pair CAT5 or a flat Cisco like serial cable is nessessary for the ATX to function properly.

See video how-tos:

• Making USB Y-splitter cable.
• Soldering ATX controller.

Setting up the v0

❗Click to show the instructions❗

ATX control board and Arduino HID (keyboard & mouse)

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The final steps

1. Flash the operating system.

2. Carefully read the "First steps" guide - how to find a device on the network, how to log in there, change passwords, and so on. Follow the steps described there and come back here.

3. V0 only: flash the Arduino HID.

4. Learn about the basics of working with PiKVM and CHANGE THE PASSWORDS

5. Note for the HDMI-USB dongle:

   ❗Click to show❗

   Many USB video capture devices tell the server's video card that the HDMI cable is supposedly disconnected. This may lead to the fact that if you boot the server without an active stream, the server will not detect your capture card. This is easy to fix:

   • Switch filesystem to RW-mode:

     # rw
     

   • Edit file /etc/kvmd/override.yaml and add these lines:

     kvmd:
         streamer:
             forever: true
             cmd_append: [--slowdown]
     

   • Finish:

     # ro
     # systemctl restart kvmd
     

6. If you are a happy PiKVM v3 HAT user then we have a special guide for you.

7. Explore the features of PiKVM using the documentation's table of contents.

8. Configure access to PiKVM from the Internet using port forwarding or Tailscale VPN.

9. If you encounter a problem, take a look at the FAQ, but if nothing helped, contact our Discord chat - experienced users and the PiKVM team will definitely help you.

Happy using of PiKVM :)

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Donate

This project is developed by Open Source enthusiasts. If you find PiKVM useful or it has saved you a long trip to check on an unresponsive server, you can support the lead developer by donating a few dollars via Patreon or PayPal. With this money, he will be able to buy new hardware (Raspberry Pi boards and other components) to test and maintain various configurations of PiKVM, and generally devote significantly more time to the project. At the bottom of this page are the names of all the people who have helped this project develop with their donations. Our gratitude knows no bounds!

If you wish to use PiKVM in production, we accept orders to modify it for your needs or implement custom features you require. Contact us via live chat or email the lead developer at: mdevaev@gmail.com

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Special thanks

These kind people donated money to the PiKVM project and supported work on it. We are very grateful for their help, and commemorating their names is the least we can do in return.

View all people!

• A. Isenring
• Aaron Heise
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