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2925 lines
126 KiB
Markdown
2925 lines
126 KiB
Markdown
# Usage
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As of version 2.0.0, Notcurses honors Semantic Versioning, the API is stable,
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and the project is committed to backwards compatibility.
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* [Direct Mode](#direct-mode)
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* [Alignment](#alignment)
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* [Input](#input)
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* [Planes](#planes) ([Plane Channels API](#plane-channels-api))
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* [Cells](#cells) ([Cell Channels API](#cell-channels-api))
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* [Reels](#reels) ([ncreel Examples](#ncreel-examples))
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* [Widgets](#widgets) ([Readers](#readers))
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* [Channels](#channels)
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* [Visuals](#visuals) ([QR codes](#qrcodes)) ([Multimedia](#multimedia)) ([Pixels](#pixels))
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* [Stats](#stats)
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* [C++](#c++)
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A full API reference [is available](https://nick-black.com/notcurses/). Manual
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pages ought have been installed along with Notcurses. This document is a
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secondary reference, and should not be considered authoritative. For a more
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unified commentary, consider the [paperback](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B086PNVNC9)
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(also available as a free PDF from https://nick-black.com).
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A program wishing to use Notcurses will need to link it, ideally using the
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output of `pkg-config --libs notcurses`. It is advised to compile with the
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output of `pkg-config --cflags notcurses`. If using CMake, a support file is
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provided, and can be accessed as `Notcurses`.
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Before calling into Notcurses—and usually as one of the first calls of the
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program—be sure to call `setlocale(3)` with an appropriate UTF-8 locale. It is
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usually appropriate to use `setlocale(LC_ALL, "")`, relying on the user to
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properly set the `LANG` environment variable. Notcurses will refuse to start if
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`nl_langinfo(3)` doesn't indicate `ANSI_X3.4-1968` or `UTF-8`. In addition, it
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is wise to mask most signals early in the program, before any threads are
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spawned (this is particularly critical for `SIGWINCH`).
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Notcurses requires an available `terminfo(5)` definition appropriate for the
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terminal. It is usually appropriate to pass `NULL` in the `termtype` field of a
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`notcurses_options` struct, relying on the user to properly set the `TERM`
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environment variable. This variable is usually set by the terminal itself. It
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might be necessary to manually select a higher-quality definition for your
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terminal, i.e. `xterm-direct` as opposed to `xterm` or `xterm-256color`.
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Each terminal can be prepared via a call to `notcurses_init()`, which is
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supplied a struct of type `notcurses_options`:
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```c
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// Get a human-readable string describing the running Notcurses version.
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const char* notcurses_version(void);
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// Cannot be inline, as we want to get the versions of the actual Notcurses
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// library we loaded, not what we compile against.
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void notcurses_version_components(int* major, int* minor, int* patch, int* tweak);
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struct cell; // a coordinate on an ncplane: an EGC plus styling
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struct ncplane; // a drawable Notcurses surface, composed of cells
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struct notcurses; // Notcurses state for a given terminal, composed of ncplanes
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// These log levels consciously map cleanly to those of libav; Notcurses itself
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// does not use this full granularity. The log level does not affect the opening
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// and closing banners, which can be disabled via the Notcurses_option struct's
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// 'suppress_banner'. Note that if stderr is connected to the same terminal on
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// which we're rendering, any kind of logging will disrupt the output.
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typedef enum {
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NCLOGLEVEL_SILENT, // default. print nothing once fullscreen service begins
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NCLOGLEVEL_PANIC, // print diagnostics immediately related to crashing
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NCLOGLEVEL_FATAL, // we're hanging around, but we've had a horrible fault
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NCLOGLEVEL_ERROR, // we can't keep doin' this, but we can do other things
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NCLOGLEVEL_WARNING, // you probably don't want what's happening to happen
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NCLOGLEVEL_INFO, // "standard information"
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NCLOGLEVEL_VERBOSE, // "detailed information"
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NCLOGLEVEL_DEBUG, // this is honestly a bit much
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NCLOGLEVEL_TRACE, // there's probably a better way to do what you want
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} ncloglevel_e;
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// Bits for notcurses_options->flags
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// notcurses_init() will call setlocale() to inspect the current locale. If
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// that locale is "C" or "POSIX", it will call setlocale(LC_ALL, "") to set
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// the locale according to the LANG environment variable. Ideally, this will
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// result in UTF8 being enabled, even if the client app didn't call
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// setlocale() itself. Unless you're certain that you're invoking setlocale()
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// prior to notcurses_init(), you should not set this bit. Even if you are
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// invoking setlocale(), this behavior shouldn't be an issue unless you're
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// doing something weird (setting a locale not based on LANG).
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#define NCOPTION_INHIBIT_SETLOCALE 0x0001
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// Checking for Sixel support requires writing an escape, and then reading an
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// inline reply from the terminal. Since this can interact poorly with actual
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// user input, it's not done unless Sixel will actually be used. Set this flag
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// to unconditionally test for Sixel support in notcurses_init().
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#define NCOPTION_VERIFY_SIXEL 0x0002
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// We typically install a signal handler for SIGWINCH that generates a resize
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// event in the notcurses_getc() queue. Set to inhibit this handler.
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#define NCOPTION_NO_WINCH_SIGHANDLER 0x0004
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// We typically install a signal handler for SIG{INT, SEGV, ABRT, QUIT} that
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// restores the screen, and then calls the old signal handler. Set to inhibit
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// registration of these signal handlers.
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#define NCOPTION_NO_QUIT_SIGHANDLERS 0x0008
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// Notcurses typically prints version info in notcurses_init() and performance
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// info in notcurses_stop(). This inhibits that output.
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#define NCOPTION_SUPPRESS_BANNERS 0x0020
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// If smcup/rmcup capabilities are indicated, Notcurses defaults to making use
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// of the "alternate screen". This flag inhibits use of smcup/rmcup.
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#define NCOPTION_NO_ALTERNATE_SCREEN 0x0040
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// Configuration for notcurses_init().
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typedef struct notcurses_options {
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// The name of the terminfo database entry describing this terminal. If NULL,
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// the environment variable TERM is used. Failure to open the terminal
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// definition will result in failure to initialize Notcurses.
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const char* termtype;
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// If non-NULL, notcurses_render() will write each rendered frame to this
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// FILE* in addition to outfp. This is used primarily for debugging.
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FILE* renderfp;
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// Progressively higher log levels result in more logging to stderr. By
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// default, nothing is printed to stderr once fullscreen service begins.
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ncloglevel_e loglevel;
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// Desirable margins. If all are 0 (default), we will render to the entirety
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// of the screen. If the screen is too small, we do what we can--this is
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// strictly best-effort. Absolute coordinates are relative to the rendering
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// area ((0, 0) is always the origin of the rendering area).
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int margin_t, margin_r, margin_b, margin_l;
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// General flags; see NCOPTION_*. This is expressed as a bitfield so that
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// future options can be added without reshaping the struct. Undefined bits
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// must be set to 0.
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uint64_t flags;
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} notcurses_options;
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// Lex a margin argument according to the standard Notcurses definition. There
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// can be either a single number, which will define all margins equally, or
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// there can be four numbers separated by commas.
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int notcurses_lex_margins(const char* op, notcurses_options* opts);
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// Initialize a Notcurses context on the connected terminal at 'fp'. 'fp' must
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// be a tty. You'll usually want stdout. NULL can be supplied for 'fp', in
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// which case /dev/tty will be opened. Returns NULL on error, including any
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// failure initializing terminfo.
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struct notcurses* notcurses_init(const notcurses_options* opts, FILE* fp);
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// Destroy a Notcurses context.
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int notcurses_stop(struct notcurses* nc);
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```
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`notcurses_stop` should be called before exiting your program to restore the
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terminal settings and free resources.
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notcurses does not typically generate diagnostics (aside from the intro banner
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and outro performance summary). When `stderr` is connected to the same terminal
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to which graphics are being printed, printing to stderr will corrupt the output.
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Setting `loglevel` to a value higher than `NCLOGLEVEL_SILENT` will cause
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diagnostics to be printed to `stderr`: you could ensure `stderr` is redirected
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if you make use of this functionality.
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It's probably wise to export `NCOPTION_NO_ALTERNATE_SCREEN` to the user (e.g. via
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command line option or environment variable). Developers and motivated users
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might appreciate the ability to manipulate `loglevel` and `renderfp`. The
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remaining options are typically of use only to application authors.
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The Notcurses API draws almost entirely into the virtual buffers of `ncplane`s.
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Only upon a call to `notcurses_render` will the visible terminal display be
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updated to reflect the changes:
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```c
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// Renders the pile of which 'n' is a part. Rendering this pile again will blow
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// away the render. To actually write out the render, call ncpile_rasterize().
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int ncpile_render(struct ncplane* n);
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// Make the physical screen match the last rendered frame from the pile of
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// which 'n' is a part. This is a blocking call. Don't call this before the
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// pile has been rendered (doing so will likely result in a blank screen).
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int ncpile_rasterize(struct ncplane* n);
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// Make the physical screen match the virtual screen. Changes made to the
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// virtual screen (i.e. most other calls) will not be visible until after a
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// successful call to notcurses_render().
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int notcurses_render(struct notcurses* nc);
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// Perform the rendering and rasterization portion of notcurses_render(), but
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// do not write the resulting buffer out to the terminal. Using this function,
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// the user can control the writeout process, and render a second frame while
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// writing another. The returned buffer must be freed by the caller.
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int notcurses_render_to_buffer(struct notcurses* nc, char** buf, size_t* buflen);
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// Write the last rendered frame, in its entirety, to 'fp'. If
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// notcurses_render() has not yet been called, nothing will be written.
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int notcurses_render_to_file(struct notcurses* nc, FILE* fp);
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// Retrieve the contents of the specified cell as last rendered. The EGC is
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// returned, or NULL on error. This EGC must be free()d by the caller. The
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// styles and channels are written to 'attrword' and 'channels', respectively.
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char* notcurses_at_yx(struct notcurses* nc, int yoff, int xoff,
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uint16_t* styles, uint64_t* channels);
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```
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One `ncplane` is guaranteed to exist: the "standard plane". The user cannot
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move, resize, reparent, or destroy the standard plane (it *can* be erased).
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Its dimensions always match notcurses's conception of the visible terminal. A
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handle on the standard plane can be acquired with two top-level functions:
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```c
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// Get a reference to the standard plane (one matching our current idea of the
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// terminal size) for this terminal. The standard plane always exists, and its
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// origin is always at the uppermost, leftmost cell of the screen.
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struct ncplane* notcurses_stdplane(struct notcurses* nc);
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const struct ncplane* notcurses_stdplane_const(const struct notcurses* nc);
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// notcurses_stdplane(), plus free bonus dimensions written to non-NULL y/x!
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static inline struct ncplane*
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notcurses_stddim_yx(struct notcurses* nc, int* restrict y, int* restrict x){
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struct ncplane* s = notcurses_stdplane(nc); // can't fail
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ncplane_dim_yx(s, y, x); // accepts NULL
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return s;
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}
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static inline const struct ncplane*
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notcurses_stddim_yx_const(const struct notcurses* nc, int* restrict y, int* restrict x){
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const struct ncplane* s = notcurses_stdplane_const(nc); // can't fail
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ncplane_dim_yx(s, y, x); // accepts NULL
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return s;
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}
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```
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A reference to the standard plane *is* persistent across a screen resize, as are
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any indexes into its egcpool, but its framebuffer *is not* necessarily
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persistent across a screen resize. Thankfully, you shouldn't have a reference
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to its framebuffer, and thus only the change to its dimensions can really catch
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you off guard.
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Utility functions operating on the toplevel `notcurses` object include:
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```c
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// Return the topmost ncplane, of which there is always at least one.
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struct ncplane* notcurses_top(struct notcurses* n);
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// Return the bottommost ncplane, of which there is always at least one.
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struct ncplane* notcurses_bottom(struct notcurses* n);
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// Return our current idea of the terminal dimensions in rows and cols.
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static inline void
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notcurses_term_dim_yx(const struct notcurses* n, int* restrict rows,
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int* restrict cols){
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ncplane_dim_yx(notcurses_stdplane_const(n), rows, cols);
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}
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// Refresh the physical screen to match what was last rendered (i.e., without
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// reflecting any changes since the last call to notcurses_render()). This is
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// primarily useful if the screen is externally corrupted, or if an
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// NCKEY_RESIZE event has been read and you're not ready to render.
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int notcurses_refresh(struct notcurses* n, int* restrict y, int* restrict x);
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// Enable or disable the terminal's cursor, if supported. Immediate effect.
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// It is an error to supply coordinates outside of the standard plane.
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void notcurses_cursor_enable(struct notcurses* nc, int y, int x);
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void notcurses_cursor_disable(struct notcurses* nc);
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// Returns a 16-bit bitmask in the LSBs of supported curses-style attributes
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// (NCSTYLE_UNDERLINE, NCSTYLE_BOLD, etc.) The attribute is only
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// indicated as supported if the terminal can support it together with color.
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// For more information, see the "ncv" capability in terminfo(5).
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unsigned notcurses_supported_styles(const struct notcurses* nc);
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// Returns the number of simultaneous colors claimed to be supported, or 1 if
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// there is no color support. Note that several terminal emulators advertise
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// more colors than they actually support, downsampling internally.
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unsigned notcurses_palette_size(const struct notcurses* nc);
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// Can we fade? Fading requires either the "rgb" or "ccc" terminfo capability.
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bool notcurses_canfade(const struct notcurses* nc);
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// Can we directly specify RGB values per cell, or only use palettes?
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bool notcurses_can_truecolor(const struct notcurses* nc);
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// Can we load images? This requires being built against FFmpeg/OIIO.
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bool notcurses_canopen_images(const struct notcurses* nc);
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// Can we load videos? This requires being built against FFmpeg.
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bool notcurses_canopen_videos(const struct notcurses* nc);
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// Can we change colors in the hardware palette? Requires "ccc" and "initc".
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bool notcurses_canchangecolor(const struct notcurses* nc);
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// Is our encoding UTF-8? Requires LANG being set to a UTF-8 locale.
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bool notcurses_canutf8(const struct notcurses* nc);
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// Can we blit to Sixel? This requires being built against libsixel.
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bool notcurses_cansixel(const struct notcurses* nc);
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```
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## Direct mode
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"Direct mode" makes a limited subset of Notcurses is available for manipulating
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typical scrolling or file-backed output. Its functions are exported via
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`<notcurses/direct.h>`, and output directly and immediately to the provided
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`FILE*`. `notcurses_render()` is neither supported nor necessary for such an
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instance. Use `ncdirect_init()` to create a direct mode context:
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```c
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struct ncdirect; // minimal state for a terminal
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// Initialize a direct-mode Notcurses context on the connected terminal at 'fp'.
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// 'fp' must be a tty. You'll usually want stdout. Direct mode supports a
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// limited subset of Notcurses routines which directly affect 'fp', and neither
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// supports nor requires notcurses_render(). This can be used to add color and
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// styling to text in the standard output paradigm. 'flags' is a bitmask over
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// NCDIRECT_OPTION_*.
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// Returns NULL on error, including any failure initializing terminfo.
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struct ncdirect* ncdirect_init(const char* termtype, FILE* fp, uint64_t flags);
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// ncdirect_init() will call setlocale() to inspect the current locale. If
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// that locale is "C" or "POSIX", it will call setlocale(LC_ALL, "") to set
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// the locale according to the LANG environment variable. Ideally, this will
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// result in UTF8 being enabled, even if the client app didn't call
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// setlocale() itself. Unless you're certain that you're invoking setlocale()
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// prior to notcurses_init(), you should not set this bit. Even if you are
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// invoking setlocale(), this behavior shouldn't be an issue unless you're
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// doing something weird (setting a locale not based on LANG).
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#define NCDIRECT_OPTION_INHIBIT_SETLOCALE 0x0001ull
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// *Don't* place the terminal into cbreak mode (see tcgetattr(3)). By default,
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// echo and line buffering are turned off.
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#define NCDIRECT_OPTION_INHIBIT_CBREAK 0x0002ull
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// Release 'nc' and any associated resources. 0 on success, non-0 on failure.
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int ncdirect_stop(struct ncdirect* nc);
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```
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This context must be destroyed using `ncdirect_stop()`. The following functions
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are available for direct mode:
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```c
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int ncdirect_fg_rgb(struct ncdirect* nc, unsigned rgb);
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int ncdirect_bg_rgb(struct ncdirect* nc, unsigned rgb);
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static inline int
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ncdirect_bg_rgb8(struct ncdirect* nc, unsigned r, unsigned g, unsigned b){
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if(r > 255 || g > 255 || b > 255){
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return -1;
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}
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return ncdirect_bg_rgb(nc, (r << 16u) + (g << 8u) + b);
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}
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static inline int
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ncdirect_fg_rgb8(struct ncdirect* nc, unsigned r, unsigned g, unsigned b){
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if(r > 255 || g > 255 || b > 255){
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return -1;
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}
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return ncdirect_fg_rgb(nc, (r << 16u) + (g << 8u) + b);
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}
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// Get the current number of columns/rows.
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int ncdirect_dim_x(const struct ncdirect* nc);
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int ncdirect_dim_y(const struct ncdirect* nc);
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int ncdirect_fg_default(struct ncdirect* nc);
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int ncdirect_bg_default(struct ncdirect* nc);
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int ncdirect_styles_set(struct ncdirect* n, unsigned stylebits);
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int ncdirect_styles_on(struct ncdirect* n, unsigned stylebits);
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int ncdirect_styles_off(struct ncdirect* n, unsigned stylebits);
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int ncdirect_clear(struct ncdirect* nc); // clear the screen
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// Move the cursor in direct mode. -1 to retain current location on that axis.
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int ncdirect_cursor_move_yx(struct ncdirect* n, int y, int x);
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int ncdirect_cursor_enable(struct ncdirect* nc);
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int ncdirect_cursor_disable(struct ncdirect* nc);
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// Relative moves. num < 0 is an error.
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int ncdirect_cursor_up(struct ncdirect* nc, int num);
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int ncdirect_cursor_left(struct ncdirect* nc, int num);
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int ncdirect_cursor_right(struct ncdirect* nc, int num);
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int ncdirect_cursor_down(struct ncdirect* nc, int num);
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// Get the cursor position, when supported. This requires writing to the
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// terminal, and then reading from it. If the terminal doesn't reply, or
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// doesn't reply in a way we understand, the results might be deleterious.
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int ncdirect_cursor_yx(struct ncdirect* n, int* y, int* x);
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// Push or pop the cursor location to the terminal's stack. The depth of this
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// stack, and indeed its existence, is terminal-dependent.
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int ncdirect_cursor_push(struct ncdirect* n);
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int ncdirect_cursor_pop(struct ncdirect* n);
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// Formatted printing (plus alignment relative to the terminal).
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int ncdirect_printf_aligned(struct ncdirect* n, int y, ncalign_e align,
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const char* fmt, ...)
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__attribute__ ((format (printf, 4, 5)));
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// Draw horizontal/vertical lines using the specified channels, interpolating
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// between them as we go. The EGC may not use more than one column. For a
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// horizontal line, |len| cannot exceed the screen width minus the cursor's
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// offset. For a vertical line, it may be as long as you'd like; the screen
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// will scroll as necessary. All lines start at the current cursor position.
|
|
int ncdirect_hline_interp(struct ncdirect* n, const char* egc, int len,
|
|
uint64_t h1, uint64_t h2);
|
|
int ncdirect_vline_interp(struct ncdirect* n, const char* egc, int len,
|
|
uint64_t h1, uint64_t h2);
|
|
|
|
// Draw a box with its upper-left corner at the current cursor position, having
|
|
// dimensions |ylen|x|xlen|. See ncplane_box() for more information. The
|
|
// minimum box size is 2x2, and it cannot be drawn off-screen. |wchars| is an
|
|
// array of 6 wide characters: UL, UR, LL, LR, HL, VL.
|
|
int ncdirect_box(struct ncdirect* n, uint64_t ul, uint64_t ur,
|
|
uint64_t ll, uint64_t lr, const wchar_t* wchars,
|
|
int ylen, int xlen, unsigned ctlword);
|
|
|
|
// ncdirect_box() with the rounded box-drawing characters
|
|
int ncdirect_rounded_box(struct ncdirect* n, uint64_t ul, uint64_t ur,
|
|
uint64_t ll, uint64_t lr,
|
|
int ylen, int xlen, unsigned ctlword);
|
|
|
|
// ncdirect_box() with the double box-drawing characters
|
|
int ncdirect_double_box(struct ncdirect* n, uint64_t ul, uint64_t ur,
|
|
uint64_t ll, uint64_t lr,
|
|
int ylen, int xlen, unsigned ctlword);
|
|
|
|
// Display an image using the specified blitter and scaling. The image may
|
|
// be arbitrarily many rows -- the output will scroll -- but will only occupy
|
|
// the column of the cursor, and those to the right.
|
|
int ncdirect_render_image(struct ncdirect* nc, const char* filename,
|
|
ncblitter_e blitter, ncscale_e scale);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Several of the Notcurses capability predicates have `ncdirect` analogues:
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
bool ncdirect_canopen_images(const struct ncdirect* n);
|
|
bool ncdirect_canutf8(const struct ncdirect* n);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Alignment
|
|
|
|
Most functions that generate output can be aligned relative to an ncplane.
|
|
Alignment currently comes in three forms: `NCALIGN_LEFT`, `NCALIGN_CENTER`, and
|
|
`NCALIGN_RIGHT`.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Alignment within the ncplane. Left/right-justified, or centered.
|
|
typedef enum {
|
|
NCALIGN_LEFT,
|
|
NCALIGN_CENTER,
|
|
NCALIGN_RIGHT,
|
|
} ncalign_e;
|
|
|
|
// Return the column at which 'c' cols ought start in order to be aligned
|
|
// according to 'align' within ncplane 'n'. Returns INT_MAX on invalid 'align'.
|
|
// Undefined behavior on negative 'c'.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_align(const struct ncplane* n, ncalign_e align, int c){
|
|
if(align == NCALIGN_LEFT){
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
int cols;
|
|
ncplane_dim_yx(n, NULL, &cols);
|
|
if(align == NCALIGN_CENTER){
|
|
return (cols - c) / 2;
|
|
}else if(align == NCALIGN_RIGHT){
|
|
return cols - c;
|
|
}
|
|
return INT_MAX;
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Input
|
|
|
|
Input can currently be taken only from `stdin`, but on the plus side, stdin
|
|
needn't be a terminal device (unlike the ttyfp `FILE*` passed to `notcurses_init()`).
|
|
Generalized input ought happen soon. There is only one input queue per `struct
|
|
notcurses`.
|
|
|
|
Like NCURSES, Notcurses will watch for escape sequences, check them against the
|
|
terminfo database, and return them as special keys (we hijack the Private Use
|
|
Area for special keys, specifically Supplementary Private Use Area B (u100000
|
|
through u10ffffd). Unlike NCURSES, the fundamental unit of input is the
|
|
UTF8-encoded Unicode codepoint. Note, however, that only one codepoint is
|
|
returned at a time (as opposed to an entire EGC).
|
|
|
|
It is generally possible for a false positive to occur, wherein keypresses
|
|
intended to be distinct are combined into an escape sequence. False negatives
|
|
where an intended escape sequence are read as an ESC key followed by distinct
|
|
keystrokes are also possible. NCURSES provides the `ESCDELAY` variable to
|
|
control timing. Notcurses brooks no delay; all characters of an escape sequence
|
|
must be readable without delay for it to be interpreted as such.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// All input is currently taken from stdin, though this will likely change. We
|
|
// attempt to read a single UTF8-encoded Unicode codepoint, *not* an entire
|
|
// Extended Grapheme Cluster. It is also possible that we will read a special
|
|
// keypress, i.e. anything that doesn't correspond to a Unicode codepoint (e.g.
|
|
// arrow keys, function keys, screen resize events, etc.). These are mapped
|
|
// into Unicode's Supplementary Private Use Area-B, starting at U+100000.
|
|
//
|
|
// notcurses_getc() and notcurses_getc_nblock() are both nonblocking.
|
|
// notcurses_getc_blocking() blocks until a codepoint or special key is read,
|
|
// or until interrupted by a signal.
|
|
//
|
|
// In the case of a valid read, a 32-bit Unicode codepoint is returned. 0 is
|
|
// returned to indicate that no input was available, but only by
|
|
// notcurses_getc(). Otherwise (including on EOF) (char32_t)-1 is returned.
|
|
|
|
#define suppuabize(w) ((w) + 0x100000)
|
|
|
|
// Special composed key definitions. These values are added to 0x100000.
|
|
#define NCKEY_INVALID suppuabize(0)
|
|
#define NCKEY_RESIZE suppuabize(1) // generated internally in response to SIGWINCH
|
|
#define NCKEY_UP suppuabize(2)
|
|
#define NCKEY_RIGHT suppuabize(3)
|
|
#define NCKEY_DOWN suppuabize(4)
|
|
#define NCKEY_LEFT suppuabize(5)
|
|
#define NCKEY_INS suppuabize(6)
|
|
#define NCKEY_DEL suppuabize(7)
|
|
#define NCKEY_BACKSPACE suppuabize(8) // backspace (sometimes)
|
|
#define NCKEY_PGDOWN suppuabize(9)
|
|
#define NCKEY_PGUP suppuabize(10)
|
|
#define NCKEY_HOME suppuabize(11)
|
|
#define NCKEY_END suppuabize(12)
|
|
#define NCKEY_F00 suppuabize(20)
|
|
#define NCKEY_F01 suppuabize(21)
|
|
#define NCKEY_F02 suppuabize(22)
|
|
#define NCKEY_F03 suppuabize(23)
|
|
#define NCKEY_F04 suppuabize(24)
|
|
// ... up to 100 function keys, egads
|
|
#define NCKEY_ENTER suppuabize(121)
|
|
#define NCKEY_CLS suppuabize(122) // "clear-screen or erase"
|
|
#define NCKEY_DLEFT suppuabize(123) // down + left on keypad
|
|
#define NCKEY_DRIGHT suppuabize(124)
|
|
#define NCKEY_ULEFT suppuabize(125) // up + left on keypad
|
|
#define NCKEY_URIGHT suppuabize(126)
|
|
#define NCKEY_CENTER suppuabize(127) // the most truly neutral of keypresses
|
|
#define NCKEY_BEGIN suppuabize(128)
|
|
#define NCKEY_CANCEL suppuabize(129)
|
|
#define NCKEY_CLOSE suppuabize(130)
|
|
#define NCKEY_COMMAND suppuabize(131)
|
|
#define NCKEY_COPY suppuabize(132)
|
|
#define NCKEY_EXIT suppuabize(133)
|
|
#define NCKEY_PRINT suppuabize(134)
|
|
#define NCKEY_REFRESH suppuabize(135)
|
|
// Mouse events. We try to encode some details into the char32_t (i.e. which
|
|
// button was pressed), but some is embedded in the ncinput event. The release
|
|
// event is generic across buttons; callers must maintain state, if they care.
|
|
#define NCKEY_BUTTON1 suppuabize(201)
|
|
#define NCKEY_BUTTON2 suppuabize(202)
|
|
#define NCKEY_BUTTON3 suppuabize(203)
|
|
// ... up to 11 mouse buttons
|
|
#define NCKEY_RELEASE suppuabize(212)
|
|
|
|
// Is this char32_t a Supplementary Private Use Area-B codepoint?
|
|
static inline bool
|
|
nckey_supppuab_p(char32_t w){
|
|
return w >= 0x100000 && w <= 0x10fffd;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Is the event a synthesized mouse event?
|
|
static inline bool
|
|
nckey_mouse_p(char32_t r){
|
|
return r >= NCKEY_BUTTON1 && r <= NCKEY_RELEASE;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// An input event. Cell coordinates are currently defined only for mouse events.
|
|
typedef struct ncinput {
|
|
char32_t id; // identifier. Unicode codepoint or synthesized NCKEY event
|
|
int y; // y cell coordinate of event, -1 for undefined
|
|
int x; // x cell coordinate of event, -1 for undefined
|
|
bool alt; // was alt held?
|
|
bool shift; // was shift held?
|
|
bool ctrl; // was ctrl held?
|
|
uint64_t seqnum; // input event number
|
|
} ncinput;
|
|
|
|
// See ppoll(2) for more detail. Provide a NULL 'ts' to block at length, a 'ts'
|
|
// of 0 for non-blocking operation, and otherwise a timespec to bound blocking.
|
|
// Signals in sigmask (less several we handle internally) will be atomically
|
|
// masked and unmasked per ppoll(2). It should generally contain all signals.
|
|
// Returns a single Unicode code point, or (char32_t)-1 on error. 'sigmask' may
|
|
// be NULL. Returns 0 on a timeout. If an event is processed, the return value
|
|
// is the 'id' field from that event. 'ni' may be NULL.
|
|
char32_t notcurses_getc(struct notcurses* n, const struct timespec* ts,
|
|
sigset_t* sigmask, ncinput* ni);
|
|
|
|
// 'ni' may be NULL if the caller is uninterested in event details. If no event
|
|
// is ready, returns 0.
|
|
static inline char32_t
|
|
notcurses_getc_nblock(struct notcurses* n, ncinput* ni){
|
|
sigset_t sigmask;
|
|
sigfillset(&sigmask);
|
|
struct timespec ts = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 0 };
|
|
return notcurses_getc(n, &ts, &sigmask, ni);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// 'ni' may be NULL if the caller is uninterested in event details. Blocks
|
|
// until an event is processed or a signal is received.
|
|
static inline char32_t
|
|
notcurses_getc_blocking(struct notcurses* n, ncinput* ni){
|
|
sigset_t sigmask;
|
|
sigemptyset(&sigmask);
|
|
return notcurses_getc(n, NULL, &sigmask, ni);
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Mice
|
|
|
|
notcurses supports mice, though only through brokers such as X or
|
|
[GPM](https://www.nico.schottelius.org/software/gpm/). It does not speak
|
|
directly to hardware. Mouse events must be explicitly enabled with a
|
|
successful call to `notcurses_mouse_enable()`, and can later be disabled.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Enable the mouse in "button-event tracking" mode with focus detection and
|
|
// UTF8-style extended coordinates. On failure, -1 is returned. On success, 0
|
|
// is returned, and mouse events will be published to notcurses_getc().
|
|
int notcurses_mouse_enable(struct notcurses* n);
|
|
|
|
// Disable mouse events. Any events in the input queue can still be delivered.
|
|
int notcurses_mouse_disable(struct notcurses* n);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
"Button-event tracking mode" implies the ability to detect mouse button
|
|
presses, and also mouse movement while holding down a mouse button (i.e. to
|
|
effect drag-and-drop). Mouse events are returned via the `NCKEY_MOUSE*` values,
|
|
with coordinate information in the `ncinput` struct.
|
|
|
|
## Planes
|
|
|
|
Fundamental to Notcurses is a z-buffer of rectilinear virtual screens, known
|
|
as `ncplane`s. An `ncplane` can be larger than the physical screen, or smaller,
|
|
or the same size; it can be entirely contained within the physical screen, or
|
|
overlap in part, or lie wholly beyond the boundaries, never to be rendered.
|
|
In addition to its framebuffer--a rectilinear matrix of cells
|
|
(see [Cells](#cells))--an `ncplane` is defined by:
|
|
|
|
* a base cell, used for any cell on the plane without a glyph,
|
|
* the egcpool backing its cells,
|
|
* a current cursor location,
|
|
* a current style, foreground channel, and background channel,
|
|
* its geometry,
|
|
* a configured user curry (a `void*`),
|
|
* its position relative to the visible plane,
|
|
* its z-index, and
|
|
* an optional resize callback,
|
|
* a name (used only for debugging).
|
|
|
|
If opaque, a `cell` on a higher `ncplane` completely obstructs a corresponding
|
|
`cell` from a lower `ncplane` from being seen. An `ncplane` corresponds loosely
|
|
to an [NCURSES Panel](https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-intro.html#panels),
|
|
but is the primary drawing surface of notcurses—there is no object
|
|
corresponding to a bare NCURSES `WINDOW`.
|
|
|
|
An `ncplane` can be created aligned relative to an existing `ncplane`
|
|
(including the standard plane) using `NCPLANE_OPTION_HORALIGNED`.
|
|
|
|
When an `ncplane` is no longer needed, free it with
|
|
`ncplane_destroy()`. To quickly reset the `ncplane`, use `ncplane_erase()`.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
#define NCPLANE_OPTION_HORALIGNED 0x0001ull
|
|
|
|
typedef struct ncplane_options {
|
|
int y; // vertical placement relative to parent plane
|
|
int x; // horizontal placement relative to parent plane
|
|
int rows; // number of rows, must be positive
|
|
int cols; // number of columns, must be positive
|
|
void* userptr; // user curry, may be NULL
|
|
const char* name; // name (used only for debugging), may be NULL
|
|
int (*resizecb)(struct ncplane*); // callback when parent is resized
|
|
uint64_t flags; // closure over NCPLANE_OPTION_*
|
|
} ncplane_options;
|
|
|
|
// Create a new ncplane bound to plane 'n', at the offset 'y'x'x' (relative to
|
|
// the origin of 'n') and the specified size. The number of 'rows' and 'cols'
|
|
// must both be positive. This plane is initially at the top of the z-buffer,
|
|
// as if ncplane_move_top() had been called on it. The void* 'userptr' can be
|
|
// retrieved (and reset) later. A 'name' can be set, used in debugging.
|
|
struct ncplane* ncplane_create(struct ncplane* n, const ncplane_options* nopts);
|
|
|
|
// Plane 'n' will be unbound from its parent plane, and will be made a bound
|
|
// child of 'newparent'. It is an error if 'n' or 'newparent' are NULL. If
|
|
// 'newparent' is equal to 'n', 'n' becomes the root of a new pile, unless 'n'
|
|
// is already the root of a pile, in which case this is a no-op. Returns 'n'.
|
|
// The standard plane cannot be reparented. Any planes bound to 'n' are
|
|
// reparented to the previous parent of 'n'.
|
|
struct ncplane* ncplane_reparent(struct ncplane* n, struct ncplane* newparent);
|
|
|
|
// The same as ncplane_reparent(), except any planes bound to 'n' come along
|
|
// with it to its new destination. Their z-order is maintained.
|
|
struct ncplane* ncplane_reparent_family(struct ncplane* n, struct ncplane* newparent);
|
|
|
|
// Replace the ncplane's existing resizecb with 'resizecb' (which may be NULL).
|
|
void ncplane_set_resizecb(struct ncplane* n, int(*resizecb)(struct ncplane*));
|
|
|
|
// Returns the ncplane's current resize callback.
|
|
int (*ncplane_resizecb(const struct ncplane* n))(struct ncplane*);
|
|
|
|
// Suitable for use as a 'resizecb'. This will realign the plane 'n' against its
|
|
// parent, using the alignment specified at ncplane_create()-time.
|
|
int ncplane_resize_realign(struct ncplane* n);
|
|
|
|
// Get the plane to which the plane 'n' is bound, if any.
|
|
struct ncplane* ncplane_parent(struct ncplane* n);
|
|
const struct ncplane* ncplane_parent_const(const struct ncplane* n);
|
|
|
|
// Duplicate an existing ncplane. The new plane will have the same geometry,
|
|
// will duplicate all content, and will start with the same rendering state.
|
|
struct ncplane* ncplane_dup(struct ncplane* n, void* opaque);
|
|
|
|
// Merge the ncplane 'src' down onto the ncplane 'dst'. This is most rigorously
|
|
// defined as "write to 'dst' the frame that would be rendered were the entire
|
|
// stack made up only of 'src' and, below it, 'dst', and 'dst' was the entire
|
|
// rendering region." Merging is independent of the position of 'src' viz 'dst'
|
|
// on the z-axis. If 'src' does not intersect with 'dst', 'dst' will not be
|
|
// changed, but it is not an error. The source plane still exists following
|
|
// this operation. Do not supply the same plane for both 'src' and 'dst'.
|
|
int ncplane_mergedown(struct ncplane* restrict src, struct ncplane* restrict dst);
|
|
|
|
// Erase every cell in the ncplane, resetting all attributes to normal, all
|
|
// colors to the default color, and all cells to undrawn. All cells associated
|
|
// with this ncplane are invalidated, and must not be used after the call,
|
|
// excluding the base cell. The cursor is homed.
|
|
void ncplane_erase(struct ncplane* n);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
All planes, including the standard plane, are created with scrolling disabled.
|
|
Attempting to print past the end of a line will stop at the plane boundary,
|
|
and indicate an error. On a plane 10 columns wide and two rows high, printing
|
|
"0123456789" at the origin should succeed, but printing "01234567890" will by
|
|
default fail at the eleventh character. In either case, the cursor will be left
|
|
at location 0x10; it must be moved before further printing can take place. If
|
|
scrolling is enabled, the first row will be filled with 01234546789, the second
|
|
row will have 0 written to its first column, and the cursor will end up at 1x1.
|
|
Note that it is still an error to manually attempt to move the cursor off-plane,
|
|
or to specify off-plane output. Boxes do not scroll; attempting to draw a 2x11
|
|
box on our 2x10 plane will result in an error and no output. When scrolling is
|
|
enabled, and output takes place while the cursor is past the end of the last
|
|
row, the first row is discarded, all other rows are moved up, the last row is
|
|
cleared, and output begins at the beginning of the last row. This does not take
|
|
place until output is generated (i.e. it is possible to fill a plane when
|
|
scrolling is enabled).
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// All planes are created with scrolling disabled. Scrolling can be dynamically
|
|
// controlled with ncplane_set_scrolling(). Returns true if scrolling was
|
|
// previously enabled, or false if it was disabled.
|
|
bool ncplane_set_scrolling(struct ncplane* n, bool scrollp);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Planes can be freely resized, though they must retain a positive size in
|
|
both dimensions. The powerful `ncplane_resize()` allows resizing an `ncplane`,
|
|
retaining all or a portion of the plane's existing content, and translating
|
|
the plane in one step. The helper function `ncplane_resize_simple()` allows
|
|
resizing an `ncplane` without movement, retaining all possible data. To move
|
|
the plane without resizing it or changing its content, use `ncplane_move_yx()`.
|
|
It is an error to invoke these functions on the standard plane.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Resize the specified ncplane. The four parameters 'keepy', 'keepx',
|
|
// 'keepleny', and 'keeplenx' define a subset of the ncplane to keep,
|
|
// unchanged. This may be a section of size 0, though none of these four
|
|
// parameters may be negative. 'keepx' and 'keepy' are relative to the ncplane.
|
|
// They must specify a coordinate within the ncplane's totality. 'yoff' and
|
|
// 'xoff' are relative to 'keepy' and 'keepx', and place the upper-left corner
|
|
// of the resized ncplane. Finally, 'ylen' and 'xlen' are the dimensions of the
|
|
// ncplane after resizing. 'ylen' must be greater than or equal to 'keepleny',
|
|
// and 'xlen' must be greater than or equal to 'keeplenx'. It is an error to
|
|
// attempt to resize the standard plane. If either of 'keepleny' or 'keeplenx'
|
|
// is non-zero, both must be non-zero.
|
|
//
|
|
// Essentially, the kept material does not move. It serves to anchor the
|
|
// resized plane. If there is no kept material, the plane can move freely.
|
|
int ncplane_resize(struct ncplane* n, int keepy, int keepx, int keepleny,
|
|
int keeplenx, int yoff, int xoff, int ylen, int xlen);
|
|
|
|
// Resize the plane, retaining what data we can (everything, unless we're
|
|
// shrinking in some dimension). Keep the origin where it is.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_resize_simple(struct ncplane* n, int ylen, int xlen){
|
|
int oldy, oldx;
|
|
ncplane_dim_yx(n, &oldy, &oldx); // current dimensions of 'n'
|
|
int keepleny = oldy > ylen ? ylen : oldy;
|
|
int keeplenx = oldx > xlen ? xlen : oldx;
|
|
return ncplane_resize(n, 0, 0, keepleny, keeplenx, 0, 0, ylen, xlen);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Move this plane relative to the standard plane, or the plane to which it is
|
|
// bound (if it is bound to a plane). It is an error to attempt to move the
|
|
// standard plane.
|
|
int ncplane_move_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x);
|
|
|
|
// Get the origin of this plane relative to the standard plane, or the plane to
|
|
// which it is bound (if it is bound to a plane).
|
|
void ncplane_yx(const struct ncplane* n, int* restrict y, int* restrict x);
|
|
int ncplane_y(const struct ncplane* n);
|
|
int ncplane_x(const struct ncplane* n);
|
|
|
|
// Return the dimensions of this ncplane.
|
|
void ncplane_dim_yx(struct ncplane* n, int* restrict rows, int* restrict cols);
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_dim_y(const struct ncplane* n){
|
|
int dimy;
|
|
ncplane_dim_yx(n, &dimy, NULL);
|
|
return dimy;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_dim_x(const struct ncplane* n){
|
|
int dimx;
|
|
ncplane_dim_yx(n, NULL, &dimx);
|
|
return dimx;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// provided a coordinate relative to the origin of 'src', map it to the same
|
|
// absolute coordinate relative to thte origin of 'dst'. either or both of 'y'
|
|
// and 'x' may be NULL. if 'dst' is NULL, it is taken to be the standard plane.
|
|
void ncplane_translate(const struct ncplane* src, const struct ncplane* dst,
|
|
int* restrict y, int* restrict x);
|
|
|
|
// Fed absolute 'y'/'x' coordinates, determine whether that coordinate is
|
|
// within the ncplane 'n'. If not, return false. If so, return true. Either
|
|
// way, translate the absolute coordinates relative to 'n'. If the point is not
|
|
// within 'n', these coordinates will not be within the dimensions of the plane.
|
|
bool ncplane_translate_abs(const struct ncplane* n, int* restrict y, int* restrict x);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If a given cell's glyph is zero, or its foreground channel is fully transparent,
|
|
it is considered to have no foreground. A _default_ cell can be chosen for the
|
|
`ncplane`, to be consulted in this case. If the base cell's glyph is likewise
|
|
zero (or its foreground channel fully transparent), the plane's foreground is
|
|
not rendered. Note that the base cell, like every other cell, has its own
|
|
foreground and background channels.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
uint16_t ncplane_styles(const struct ncplane* n);**
|
|
|
|
// Set the specified style bits for the ncplane 'n', whether they're actively
|
|
// supported or not.
|
|
void ncplane_set_styles(struct ncplane* n, unsigned stylebits);
|
|
|
|
// Add the specified styles to the ncplane's existing spec.
|
|
void ncplane_on_styles(struct ncplane* n, unsigned stylebits);
|
|
|
|
// Remove the specified styles from the ncplane's existing spec.
|
|
void ncplane_off_styles(struct ncplane* n, unsigned stylebits);
|
|
|
|
// Set the ncplane's base cell to this cell. It will be used for purposes of
|
|
// rendering anywhere that the ncplane's gcluster is 0. Erasing the ncplane
|
|
// does not reset the base cell; this function must be called with a zero 'c'.
|
|
int ncplane_set_base_cell(struct ncplane* ncp, const cell* c);
|
|
|
|
// Set the ncplane's base cell to this cell. It will be used for purposes of
|
|
// rendering anywhere that the ncplane's gcluster is 0. Erasing the ncplane
|
|
// does not reset the base cell; this function must be called with an empty
|
|
// 'egc'. 'egc' must be a single extended grapheme cluster.
|
|
int ncplane_set_base(struct ncplane* ncp, const char* egc,
|
|
uint32_t styles, uint64_t channels);
|
|
|
|
// Extract the ncplane's base cell into 'c'. The reference is invalidated if
|
|
// 'ncp' is destroyed.
|
|
int ncplane_base(struct ncplane* ncp, cell* c);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
`ncplane`s are completely ordered along an imaginary z-axis. Newly-created
|
|
`ncplane`s are on the top of the stack. They can be freely reordered.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Splice ncplane 'n' out of the z-buffer, and reinsert it at the top or bottom.
|
|
void ncplane_move_top(struct ncplane* n);
|
|
void ncplane_move_bottom(struct ncplane* n);
|
|
|
|
// Splice ncplane 'n' out of the z-buffer, and reinsert it below 'below'.
|
|
// Returns non-zero if 'n' is already in the desired location. 'n' and
|
|
// 'below' must not be the same plane.
|
|
int ncplane_move_below(struct ncplane* restrict n, struct ncplane* restrict below);
|
|
|
|
// Splice ncplane 'n' out of the z-buffer, and reinsert it above 'above'.
|
|
// Returns non-zero if 'n' is already in the desired location. 'n' and
|
|
// 'above' must not be the same plane.
|
|
int ncplane_move_above(struct ncplane* restrict n, struct ncplane* restrict above);
|
|
|
|
// Return the ncplane below this one, or NULL if this is at the stack's bottom.
|
|
struct ncplane* ncplane_below(struct ncplane* n);
|
|
|
|
// Return the ncplane above this one, or NULL if this is at the stack's top.
|
|
struct ncplane* ncplane_above(struct ncplane* n);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Each plane holds a user pointer which can be retrieved and set (or ignored). In
|
|
addition, the plane's virtual framebuffer can be accessed (note that this does
|
|
not necessarily reflect anything on the actual screen).
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Retrieve the current contents of the cell under the cursor. The EGC is
|
|
// returned, or NULL on error. This EGC must be free()d by the caller. The
|
|
// styles and channels are written to 'styles' and 'channels', respectively.
|
|
char* ncplane_at_cursor(struct ncplane* n, uint16_t* styles, uint64_t* channels);
|
|
|
|
// Retrieve the current contents of the cell under the cursor into 'c'. This
|
|
// cell is invalidated if the associated plane is destroyed.
|
|
int ncplane_at_cursor_cell(struct ncplane* n, cell* c);
|
|
|
|
// Retrieve the current contents of the specified cell. The EGC is returned, or
|
|
// NULL on error. This EGC must be free()d by the caller. The styles and
|
|
// channels are written to 'styles' and 'channels', respectively.
|
|
char* ncplane_at_yx(const struct ncplane* n, int y, int x,
|
|
uint16_t* styles, uint64_t* channels);
|
|
|
|
// Retrieve the current contents of the specified cell into 'c'. This cell is
|
|
// invalidated if the associated plane is destroyed.
|
|
int ncplane_at_yx_cell(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x, cell* c);
|
|
|
|
// Create an RGBA flat array from the selected region of the ncplane 'nc'.
|
|
// Start at the plane's 'begy'x'begx' coordinate (which must lie on the
|
|
// plane), continuing for 'leny'x'lenx' cells. Either or both of 'leny' and
|
|
// 'lenx' can be specified as -1 to go through the boundary of the plane.
|
|
// Only glyphs from the specified blitset may be present.
|
|
uint32_t* ncplane_rgba(const struct ncplane* nc, ncblitter_e blit,
|
|
int begy, int begx, int leny, int lenx);
|
|
|
|
// return a nul-terminated, heap copy of the current (UTF-8) contents.
|
|
char* ncplane_contents(const struct ncplane* nc, int begy, int begx,
|
|
int leny, int lenx);
|
|
|
|
// Manipulate the opaque user pointer associated with this plane.
|
|
// ncplane_set_userptr() returns the previous userptr after replacing
|
|
// it with 'opaque'. the others simply return the userptr.
|
|
void* ncplane_set_userptr(struct ncplane* n, void* opaque);
|
|
void* ncplane_userptr(struct ncplane* n);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
All output is to `ncplane`s. There is no cost in moving the cursor around the
|
|
virtual framebuffer. Output that's never rendered still has some memory transfer
|
|
cost as the virtual framebuffer is prepared, but new data overwrites it in
|
|
memory.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Move the cursor to the specified position (the cursor needn't be visible).
|
|
// Returns -1 on error, including negative parameters, or ones exceeding the
|
|
// plane's dimensions.
|
|
int ncplane_cursor_move_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x);
|
|
|
|
// Get the current position of the cursor within n. y and/or x may be NULL.
|
|
void ncplane_cursor_yx(const struct ncplane* n, int* restrict y, int* restrict x);
|
|
|
|
// Replace the cell at the specified coordinates with the provided cell 'c',
|
|
// and advance the cursor by the width of the cell (but not past the end of the
|
|
// plane). On success, returns the number of columns the cursor was advanced.
|
|
// On failure, -1 is returned.
|
|
int ncplane_putc_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x, const cell* c);
|
|
|
|
// Call ncplane_putc_yx() for the current cursor location.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_putc(struct ncplane* n, const cell* c){
|
|
return ncplane_putc_yx(n, -1, -1, c);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Replace the cell at the specified coordinates with the provided 7-bit char
|
|
// 'c'. Advance the cursor by 1. On success, returns 1. On failure, returns -1.
|
|
// This works whether the underlying char is signed or unsigned.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_putchar_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x, char c){
|
|
cell ce = CELL_INITIALIZER(c, ncplane_attr(n), ncplane_channels(n));
|
|
return ncplane_putc_yx(n, y, x, &ce);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Call ncplane_putchar_yx() at the current cursor location.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_putchar(struct ncplane* n, char c){
|
|
return ncplane_putchar_yx(n, -1, -1, c);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Replace the EGC underneath us, but retain the styling. The current styling
|
|
// of the plane will not be changed.
|
|
int ncplane_putchar_stained(struct ncplane* n, char c);
|
|
|
|
// Replace the cell at the specified coordinates with the provided wide char
|
|
// 'w'. Advance the cursor by the character's width as reported by wcwidth().
|
|
// On success, returns 1. On failure, returns -1.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_putwc_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x, wchar_t w){
|
|
wchar_t warr[2] = { w, L'\0' };
|
|
return ncplane_putwstr_yx(n, y, x, warr);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Call ncplane_putwc() at the current cursor position.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_putwc(struct ncplane* n, wchar_t w){
|
|
return ncplane_putwc_yx(n, -1, -1, w);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Replace the cell at the specified coordinates with the provided EGC, and
|
|
// advance the cursor by the width of the cluster (but not past the end of the
|
|
// plane). On success, returns the number of columns the cursor was advanced.
|
|
// On failure, -1 is returned. The number of bytes converted from gclust is
|
|
// written to 'sbytes' if non-NULL.
|
|
int ncplane_putegc_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x, const char* gclust, int* sbytes);
|
|
|
|
// Call ncplane_putegc() at the current cursor location.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_putegc(struct ncplane* n, const char* gclust, int* sbytes){
|
|
return ncplane_putegc_yx(n, -1, -1, gclust, sbytes);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Replace the EGC underneath us, but retain the styling. The current styling
|
|
// of the plane will not be changed.
|
|
int ncplane_putegc_stained(struct ncplane* n, const char* gclust, int* sbytes);
|
|
|
|
#define WCHAR_MAX_UTF8BYTES 6
|
|
|
|
// ncplane_putegc(), but following a conversion from wchar_t to UTF-8 multibyte.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_putwegc(struct ncplane* n, const wchar_t* gclust, int* sbytes){
|
|
// maximum of six UTF8-encoded bytes per wchar_t
|
|
const size_t mbytes = (wcslen(gclust) * WCHAR_MAX_UTF8BYTES) + 1;
|
|
char* mbstr = (char*)malloc(mbytes); // need cast for c++ callers
|
|
if(mbstr == NULL){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
size_t s = wcstombs(mbstr, gclust, mbytes);
|
|
if(s == (size_t)-1){
|
|
free(mbstr);
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
int ret = ncplane_putegc(n, mbstr, sbytes);
|
|
free(mbstr);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Call ncplane_putwegc() after successfully moving to y, x.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_putwegc_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x, const wchar_t* gclust,
|
|
int* sbytes){
|
|
if(ncplane_cursor_move_yx(n, y, x)){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
return ncplane_putwegc(n, gclust, sbytes);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Replace the EGC underneath us, but retain the styling. The current styling
|
|
// of the plane will not be changed.
|
|
int ncplane_putwegc_stained(struct ncplane* n, const wchar_t* gclust, int* sbytes);
|
|
|
|
// Write a series of EGCs to the current location, using the current style.
|
|
// They will be interpreted as a series of columns (according to the definition
|
|
// of ncplane_putc()). Advances the cursor by some positive number of columns
|
|
// (though not beyond the end of the plane); this number is returned on success.
|
|
// On error, a non-positive number is returned, indicating the number of columns
|
|
// which were written before the error.
|
|
int ncplane_putstr_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x, const char* gclusters);
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_putstr(struct ncplane* n, const char* gclustarr){
|
|
return ncplane_putstr_yx(n, -1, -1, gclustarr);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
int ncplane_putstr_aligned(struct ncplane* n, int y, ncalign_e align, const char* s);
|
|
|
|
// Replace a string's worth of glyphs at the current cursor location, but
|
|
// retain the styling. The current styling of the plane will not be changed.
|
|
int ncplane_putstr_stained(struct ncplane* n, const char* s);
|
|
|
|
// ncplane_putstr(), but following a conversion from wchar_t to UTF-8 multibyte.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_putwstr_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x, const wchar_t* gclustarr){
|
|
// maximum of six UTF8-encoded bytes per wchar_t
|
|
const size_t mbytes = (wcslen(gclustarr) * WCHAR_MAX_UTF8BYTES) + 1;
|
|
char* mbstr = (char*)malloc(mbytes); // need cast for c++ callers
|
|
if(mbstr == NULL){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
size_t s = wcstombs(mbstr, gclustarr, mbytes);
|
|
if(s == (size_t)-1){
|
|
free(mbstr);
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
int ret = ncplane_putstr_yx(n, y, x, mbstr);
|
|
free(mbstr);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Write a series of EGCs to the current location, using the current style.
|
|
// They will be interpreted as a series of columns (according to the definition
|
|
// of ncplane_putc()). Advances the cursor by some positive number of columns
|
|
// (though not beyond the end of the plane); this number is returned on success.
|
|
// On error, a non-positive number is returned, indicating the number of columns
|
|
// which were written before the error. No more than 's' bytes will be written.
|
|
int ncplane_putnstr_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x, size_t s, const char* gclusters);
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_putnstr(struct ncplane* n, size_t s, const char* gclustarr){
|
|
return ncplane_putnstr_yx(n, -1, -1, s, gclustarr);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
int ncplane_putnstr_aligned(struct ncplane* n, int y, ncalign_e align,
|
|
size_t s, const char* s);
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_putwstr_aligned(struct ncplane* n, int y, ncalign_e align,
|
|
const wchar_t* gclustarr){
|
|
int width = wcswidth(gclustarr, INT_MAX);
|
|
int xpos = ncplane_align(n, align, width);
|
|
return ncplane_putwstr_yx(n, y, xpos, gclustarr);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_putwstr(struct ncplane* n, const wchar_t* gclustarr){
|
|
return ncplane_putwstr_yx(n, -1, -1, gclustarr);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// The ncplane equivalents of printf(3) and vprintf(3).
|
|
int ncplane_vprintf_aligned(struct ncplane* n, int y, ncalign_e align,
|
|
const char* format, va_list ap);
|
|
|
|
int ncplane_vprintf_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x,
|
|
const char* format, va_list ap);
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_vprintf(struct ncplane* n, const char* format, va_list ap){
|
|
return ncplane_vprintf_yx(n, -1, -1, format, ap);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_printf(struct ncplane* n, const char* format, ...)
|
|
__attribute__ ((format (printf, 2, 3)));
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_printf(struct ncplane* n, const char* format, ...){
|
|
va_list va;
|
|
va_start(va, format);
|
|
int ret = ncplane_vprintf(n, format, va);
|
|
va_end(va);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_printf_aligned(struct ncplane* n, int y, ncalign_e align,
|
|
const char* format, ...)
|
|
__attribute__ ((format (printf, 4, 5)));
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_printf_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x, const char* format, ...){
|
|
va_list va;
|
|
va_start(va, format);
|
|
int ret = ncplane_vprintf_yx(n, y, x, format, va);
|
|
va_end(va);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_printf_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x, const char* format, ...)
|
|
__attribute__ ((format (printf, 4, 5)));
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_printf_aligned(struct ncplane* n, int y, ncalign_e align, const char* format, ...){
|
|
va_list va;
|
|
va_start(va, format);
|
|
int ret = ncplane_vprintf_aligned(n, y, align, format, va);
|
|
va_end(va);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Multiline chunks of human-readable text can be written with
|
|
`ncplane_puttext()` even if the plane does not have scrolling enabled. Such
|
|
text will be broken up across lines using the Unicode line-breaking algorithm
|
|
of [Unicode Annex #14](http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr14/tr14-34.html).
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Write the specified text to the plane, breaking lines sensibly, beginning at
|
|
// the specified line. Returns the number of columns written. When breaking a
|
|
// line, the line will be cleared to the end of the plane (the last line will
|
|
// *not* be so cleared). The number of bytes written from the input is written
|
|
// to '*bytes' if it is not NULL. Cleared columns are included in the return
|
|
// value, but *not* included in the number of bytes written. Leaves the cursor
|
|
// at the end of output. A partial write will be accomplished as far as it can;
|
|
// determine whether the write completed by inspecting '*bytes'.
|
|
int ncplane_puttext(struct ncplane* n, int y, ncalign_e align,
|
|
const char* text, size_t* bytes);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Lines and boxes can be drawn, interpolating their colors between their two
|
|
endpoints. For a line of a single color, be sure to specify the same channels
|
|
on both sides. Boxes allow fairly detailed specification of how they're drawn.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Draw horizontal or vertical lines using the specified cell, starting at the
|
|
// current cursor position. The cursor will end at the cell following the last
|
|
// cell output (even, perhaps counter-intuitively, when drawing vertical
|
|
// lines), just as if ncplane_putc() was called at that spot. Return the
|
|
// number of cells drawn on success. On error, return the negative number of
|
|
// cells drawn.
|
|
int ncplane_hline_interp(struct ncplane* n, const cell* c, int len,
|
|
uint64_t c1, uint64_t c2);
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_hline(struct ncplane* n, const cell* c, int len){
|
|
return ncplane_hline_interp(n, c, len, c->channels, c->channels);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
int ncplane_vline_interp(struct ncplane* n, const cell* c, int len,
|
|
uint64_t c1, uint64_t c2);
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_vline(struct ncplane* n, const cell* c, int len){
|
|
return ncplane_vline_interp(n, c, len, c->channels, c->channels);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Draw a box with its upper-left corner at the current cursor position, and its
|
|
// lower-right corner at 'ystop'x'xstop'. The 6 cells provided are used to draw the
|
|
// upper-left, ur, ll, and lr corners, then the horizontal and vertical lines.
|
|
// 'ctlword' is defined in the least significant byte, where bits [7, 4] are a
|
|
// gradient mask, and [3, 0] are a border mask:
|
|
// * 7, 3: top
|
|
// * 6, 2: right
|
|
// * 5, 1: bottom
|
|
// * 4, 0: left
|
|
// If the gradient bit is not set, the styling from the hl/vl cells is used for
|
|
// the horizontal and vertical lines, respectively. If the gradient bit is set,
|
|
// the color is linearly interpolated between the two relevant corner cells.
|
|
//
|
|
// By default, vertexes are drawn whether their connecting edges are drawn or
|
|
// not. The value of the bits corresponding to NCBOXCORNER_MASK control this,
|
|
// and are interpreted as the number of connecting edges necessary to draw a
|
|
// given corner. At 0 (the default), corners are always drawn. At 3, corners
|
|
// are never drawn (as at most 2 edges can touch a box's corner).
|
|
|
|
#define NCBOXMASK_TOP 0x0001
|
|
#define NCBOXMASK_RIGHT 0x0002
|
|
#define NCBOXMASK_BOTTOM 0x0004
|
|
#define NCBOXMASK_LEFT 0x0008
|
|
#define NCBOXGRAD_TOP 0x0010
|
|
#define NCBOXGRAD_RIGHT 0x0020
|
|
#define NCBOXGRAD_BOTTOM 0x0040
|
|
#define NCBOXGRAD_LEFT 0x0080
|
|
#define NCBOXCORNER_MASK 0x0300
|
|
#define NCBOXCORNER_SHIFT 8u
|
|
|
|
int ncplane_box(struct ncplane* n, const cell* ul, const cell* ur,
|
|
const cell* ll, const cell* lr, const cell* hline,
|
|
const cell* vline, int ystop, int xstop, unsigned ctlword);
|
|
|
|
// Draw a box with its upper-left corner at the current cursor position, having
|
|
// dimensions 'ylen'x'xlen'. See ncplane_box() for more information. The
|
|
// minimum box size is 2x2, and it cannot be drawn off-screen.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_box_sized(struct ncplane* n, const cell* ul, const cell* ur,
|
|
const cell* ll, const cell* lr, const cell* hline,
|
|
const cell* vline, int ylen, int xlen, unsigned ctlword){
|
|
int y, x;
|
|
ncplane_cursor_yx(n, &y, &x);
|
|
return ncplane_box(n, ul, ur, ll, lr, hline, vline, y + ylen - 1,
|
|
x + xlen - 1, ctlword);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_perimeter(struct ncplane* n, const cell* ul, const cell* ur,
|
|
const cell* ll, const cell* lr, const cell* hline,
|
|
const cell* vline, unsigned ctlword){
|
|
if(ncplane_cursor_move_yx(n, 0, 0)){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
int dimy, dimx;
|
|
ncplane_dim_yx(n, &dimy, &dimx);
|
|
return ncplane_box_sized(n, ul, ur, ll, lr, hline, vline, dimy, dimx, ctlword);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_rounded_box(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t attr, uint64_t channels,
|
|
int ystop, int xstop, unsigned ctlword){
|
|
int ret = 0;
|
|
cell ul = CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER, ur = CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER;
|
|
cell ll = CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER, lr = CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER;
|
|
cell hl = CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER, vl = CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER;
|
|
if((ret = cells_rounded_box(n, attr, channels, &ul, &ur, &ll, &lr, &hl, &vl)) == 0){
|
|
ret = ncplane_box(n, &ul, &ur, &ll, &lr, &hl, &vl, ystop, xstop, ctlword);
|
|
}
|
|
cell_release(n, &ul); cell_release(n, &ur);
|
|
cell_release(n, &ll); cell_release(n, &lr);
|
|
cell_release(n, &hl); cell_release(n, &vl);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_rounded_box_sized(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t attr, uint64_t channels,
|
|
int ylen, int xlen, unsigned ctlword){
|
|
int y, x;
|
|
ncplane_cursor_yx(n, &y, &x);
|
|
return ncplane_rounded_box(n, attr, channels, y + ylen - 1,
|
|
x + xlen - 1, ctlword);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_double_box(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t attr, uint64_t channels,
|
|
int ystop, int xstop, unsigned ctlword){
|
|
int ret = 0;
|
|
cell ul = CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER, ur = CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER;
|
|
cell ll = CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER, lr = CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER;
|
|
cell hl = CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER, vl = CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER;
|
|
if((ret = cells_double_box(n, attr, channels, &ul, &ur, &ll, &lr, &hl, &vl)) == 0){
|
|
ret = ncplane_box(n, &ul, &ur, &ll, &lr, &hl, &vl, ystop, xstop, ctlword);
|
|
}
|
|
cell_release(n, &ul); cell_release(n, &ur);
|
|
cell_release(n, &ll); cell_release(n, &lr);
|
|
cell_release(n, &hl); cell_release(n, &vl);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_double_box_sized(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t attr, uint64_t channels,
|
|
int ylen, int xlen, unsigned ctlword){
|
|
int y, x;
|
|
ncplane_cursor_yx(n, &y, &x);
|
|
return ncplane_double_box(n, attr, channels, y + ylen - 1,
|
|
x + xlen - 1, ctlword);
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Similarly, areas can be filled with a cell.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Starting at the specified coordinate, if its glyph is different from that of
|
|
// 'c', 'c' is copied into it, and the original glyph is considered the fill
|
|
// target. We do the same to all cardinally-connected cells having this same
|
|
// fill target. Returns the number of cells polyfilled. An invalid initial y, x
|
|
// is an error. Returns the number of cells filled, or -1 on error.
|
|
int ncplane_polyfill_yx(struct ncplane* n, int y, int x, const cell* c);
|
|
|
|
// Draw a gradient with its upper-left corner at the current cursor position,
|
|
// stopping at 'ystop'x'xstop'. The glyph composed of 'egc' and 'styles' is
|
|
// used for all cells. The channels specified by 'ul', 'ur', 'll', and 'lr'
|
|
// are composed into foreground and background gradients. To do a vertical
|
|
// gradient, 'ul' ought equal 'ur' and 'll' ought equal 'lr'. To do a
|
|
// horizontal gradient, 'ul' ought equal 'll' and 'ur' ought equal 'ul'. To
|
|
// color everything the same, all four channels should be equivalent. The
|
|
// resulting alpha values are equal to incoming alpha values. Returns the
|
|
// number of cells filled on success, or -1 on failure.
|
|
int ncplane_gradient(struct ncplane* n, const char* egc, uint32_t styles,
|
|
uint64_t ul, uint64_t ur, uint64_t ll, uint64_t lr,
|
|
int ystop, int xstop);
|
|
|
|
// Draw a gradient with its upper-left corner at the current cursor position,
|
|
// having dimensions 'ylen'x'xlen'. See ncplane_gradient for more information.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncplane_gradient_sized(struct ncplane* n, const char* egc, uint32_t styles,
|
|
uint64_t ul, uint64_t ur, uint64_t ll, uint64_t lr,
|
|
int ylen, int xlen){
|
|
int y, x;
|
|
ncplane_cursor_yx(n, &y, &x);
|
|
return ncplane_gradient(n, egc, styles, ul, ur, ll, lr, y + ylen - 1, x + xlen - 1);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Do a high-resolution gradient using upper blocks and synced backgrounds.
|
|
// This doubles the number of vertical gradations, but restricts you to
|
|
// half blocks (appearing to be full blocks). Returns the number of cells
|
|
// filled on success, or -1 on error.
|
|
int ncplane_highgradient(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t ul, uint32_t ur,
|
|
uint32_t ll, uint32_t lr, int ystop, int xstop);
|
|
|
|
// ncplane_gradent_sized() meets ncplane_highgradient().
|
|
int ncplane_highgradient_sized(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t ul, uint32_t ur,
|
|
uint32_t ll, uint32_t lr, int ylen, int xlen);
|
|
|
|
// Set the given style throughout the specified region, keeping content and
|
|
// channels unchanged. Returns the number of cells set, or -1 on failure.
|
|
int ncplane_format(struct ncplane* n, int ystop, int xstop, uint32_t styles);
|
|
|
|
// Set the given channels throughout the specified region, keeping content and
|
|
// attributes unchanged. Returns the number of cells set, or -1 on failure.
|
|
int ncplane_stain(struct ncplane* n, int ystop, int xstop,
|
|
uint64_t ul, uint64_t ur, uint64_t ll, uint64_t lr);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
My 14 year-old self would never forgive me if we didn't have sweet palette
|
|
fades. The simple fade API runs the operation over a time interval, adapting
|
|
to the actual runtime, invoking a callback at each iteration.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Called for each fade iteration on 'ncp'. If anything but 0 is returned,
|
|
// the fading operation ceases immediately, and that value is propagated out.
|
|
// The recommended absolute display time target is passed in 'tspec'.
|
|
typedef int (*fadecb)(struct notcurses* nc, struct ncplane* ncp,
|
|
const struct timespec*, void* curry);
|
|
|
|
// Fade the ncplane out over the provided time, calling 'fader' at each
|
|
// iteration. Requires a terminal which supports truecolor, or at least palette
|
|
// modification (if the terminal uses a palette, our ability to fade planes is
|
|
// limited, and affected by the complexity of the rest of the screen).
|
|
int ncplane_fadeout(struct ncplane* n, const struct timespec* ts,
|
|
fadecb fader, void* curry);
|
|
|
|
// Fade the ncplane in over the specified time. Load the ncplane with the
|
|
// target cells without rendering, then call this function. When it's done, the
|
|
// ncplane will have reached the target levels, starting from zeroes.
|
|
int ncplane_fadein(struct ncplane* n, const struct timespec* ts,
|
|
fadecb fader, void* curry);
|
|
|
|
// Rather than the simple ncplane_fade{in/out}(), ncfadectx_setup() can be
|
|
// Pulse the plane in and out until the callback returns non-zero, relying on
|
|
// the callback 'fader' to initiate rendering. 'ts' defines the half-period
|
|
// (i.e. the transition from black to full brightness, or back again). Proper
|
|
// use involves preparing (but not rendering) an ncplane, then calling
|
|
// ncplane_pulse(), which will fade in from black to the specified colors.
|
|
int ncplane_pulse(struct ncplane* n, const struct timespec* ts, fadecb fader, void* curry);
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The more flexible fade API allows for fine control of the process.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// paired with a loop over ncplane_fade{in/out}_iteration() + ncfadectx_free().
|
|
struct ncfadectx* ncfadectx_setup(struct ncplane* n);
|
|
|
|
// Return the number of iterations through which 'nctx' will fade.
|
|
int ncfadectx_iterations(const struct ncfadectx* nctx);
|
|
|
|
// Fade out through 'iter' iterations, where
|
|
// 'iter' < 'ncfadectx_iterations(nctx)'.
|
|
int ncplane_fadeout_iteration(struct ncplane* n, struct ncfadectx* nctx,
|
|
int iter, fadecb fader, void* curry);
|
|
|
|
// Fade in through 'iter' iterations, where
|
|
// 'iter' < 'ncfadectx_iterations(nctx)'.
|
|
int ncplane_fadein_iteration(struct ncplane* n, struct ncfadectx* nctx,
|
|
int iter, fadecb fader, void* curry);
|
|
|
|
// Release the resources associated with 'nctx'.
|
|
void ncfadectx_free(struct ncfadectx* nctx);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Raw streams of RGBA or BGRx data can be blitted directly to an ncplane:
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Blit a flat array 'data' of RGBA 32-bit values to the ncplane 'vopts->n',
|
|
// which mustn't be NULL. the blit begins at 'vopts->y' and 'vopts->x' relative
|
|
// to the specified plane. Each source row ought occupy 'linesize' bytes (this
|
|
// might be greater than 'vopts->lenx' * 4 due to padding or partial blits). A
|
|
// subregion of the input can be specified with the 'begy'x'begx' and
|
|
// 'leny'x'lenx' fields from 'vopts'. Returns the number of pixels blitted, or
|
|
// -1 on error.
|
|
int ncblit_rgba(const void* data, int linesize,
|
|
const struct ncvisual_options* vopts);
|
|
|
|
// Same as ncblit_rgba(), but for BGRx.
|
|
int ncblit_bgrx(const void* data, int linesize,
|
|
const struct ncvisual_options* vopts);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Plane channels API
|
|
|
|
Helpers are provided to manipulate an `ncplane`'s `channels` member. They are
|
|
all implemented in terms of the lower-level [Channels API](#channels).
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Get the current channels or attribute word for ncplane 'n'.
|
|
uint64_t ncplane_channels(const struct ncplane* n);
|
|
uint16_t ncplane_attr(const struct ncplane* n);
|
|
|
|
// Set an entire 32-bit channel of the plane 'n'
|
|
int ncplane_set_fchannel(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t channel);
|
|
int ncplane_set_bchannel(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t channel);
|
|
|
|
// Extract the 32-bit working background channel from an ncplane.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
ncplane_bchannel(const struct ncplane* nc){
|
|
return channels_bchannel(ncplane_channels(nc));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract the 32-bit working foreground channel from an ncplane.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
ncplane_fchannel(const struct ncplane* nc){
|
|
return channels_fchannel(ncplane_channels(nc));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 24 bits of working foreground RGB from an ncplane, shifted to LSBs.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
ncplane_fg_rgb(const struct ncplane* nc){
|
|
return channels_fg_rgb(ncplane_channels(nc));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 24 bits of working background RGB from an ncplane, shifted to LSBs.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
ncplane_bg_rgb(const struct ncplane* nc){
|
|
return channels_bg_rgb(ncplane_channels(nc));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 2 bits of foreground alpha from 'struct ncplane', shifted to LSBs.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
ncplane_fg_alpha(const struct ncplane* nc){
|
|
return channels_fg_alpha(ncplane_channels(nc));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 2 bits of background alpha from 'struct ncplane', shifted to LSBs.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
ncplane_bg_alpha(const struct ncplane* nc){
|
|
return channels_bg_alpha(ncplane_channels(nc));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Set the alpha parameters for ncplane 'n'.
|
|
int ncplane_set_fg_alpha(struct ncplane* n, unsigned alpha);
|
|
int ncplane_set_bg_alpha(struct ncplane* n, unsigned alpha);
|
|
|
|
// Extract 24 bits of foreground RGB from 'n', split into subcomponents.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
ncplane_fg_rgb8(const struct ncplane* n, unsigned* r, unsigned* g, unsigned*
|
|
return channels_fg_rgb8(ncplane_channels(n), r, g, b);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 24 bits of background RGB from 'n', split into subcomponents.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
ncplane_bg_rgb8(const struct ncplane* n, unsigned* r, unsigned* g, unsigned*
|
|
return channels_bg_rgb8(ncplane_channels(n), r, g, b);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Set the current fore/background color using RGB specifications. If the
|
|
// terminal does not support directly-specified 3x8b cells (24-bit "TrueColor",
|
|
// indicated by the "RGB" terminfo capability), the provided values will be
|
|
// interpreted in some lossy fashion. None of r, g, or b may exceed 255.
|
|
// "HP-like" terminals require setting foreground and background at the same
|
|
// time using "color pairs"; Notcurses will manage color pairs transparently.
|
|
int ncplane_set_fg_rgb8(struct ncplane* n, int r, int g, int b);
|
|
int ncplane_set_bg_rgb8(struct ncplane* n, int r, int g, int b);
|
|
|
|
// Same, but clipped to [0..255].
|
|
void ncplane_set_bg_rgb8_clipped(struct ncplane* n, int r, int g, int b);
|
|
void ncplane_set_fg_rgb8_clipped(struct ncplane* n, int r, int g, int b);
|
|
|
|
// Same, but with rgb assembled into a channel (i.e. lower 24 bits).
|
|
int ncplane_set_fg_rgb(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t channel);
|
|
int ncplane_set_bg_rgb(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t channel);
|
|
|
|
// Use the default color for the foreground/background.
|
|
void ncplane_set_fg_default(struct ncplane* n);
|
|
void ncplane_set_bg_default(struct ncplane* n);
|
|
|
|
int ncplane_set_fg_palindex(struct ncplane* n, int idx);
|
|
int ncplane_set_bg_palindex(struct ncplane* n, int idx);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Cells
|
|
|
|
Unlike the `notcurses` or `ncplane` objects, the definition of `cell` is
|
|
available to the user. It is somewhat ironic, then, that the user typically
|
|
needn't (and shouldn't) use `cell`s directly. Use a `cell` when the EGC being
|
|
output is used several times. In this case, time otherwise spent running
|
|
`cell_load()` (which tokenizes and verifies EGCs) can be saved. It can also be
|
|
useful to use a `cell` when the same styling is used in a discontinuous manner.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// A cell corresponds to a single character cell on some plane, which can be
|
|
// occupied by a single grapheme cluster (some root spacing glyph, along with
|
|
// possible combining characters, which might span multiple columns). At any
|
|
// cell, we can have a theoretically arbitrarily long UTF-8 string, a foreground
|
|
// color, a background color, and an attribute set. Valid grapheme cluster
|
|
// contents include:
|
|
//
|
|
// * A NUL terminator,
|
|
// * A single control character, followed by a NUL terminator,
|
|
// * At most one spacing character, followed by zero or more nonspacing
|
|
// characters, followed by a NUL terminator.
|
|
//
|
|
// Multi-column characters can only have a single style/color throughout.
|
|
//
|
|
// Each cell occupies 16 static bytes (128 bits). The surface is thus ~1.6MB
|
|
// for a (pretty large) 500x200 terminal. At 80x43, it's less than 64KB.
|
|
// Dynamic requirements can add up to 16MB to an ncplane, but such large pools
|
|
// are unlikely in common use.
|
|
//
|
|
// We implement some small alpha compositing. Foreground and background both
|
|
// have two bits of inverted alpha. The actual grapheme written to a cell is
|
|
// the topmost non-zero grapheme. If its alpha is 00, its foreground color is
|
|
// used unchanged. If its alpha is 10, its foreground color is derived entirely
|
|
// from cells underneath it. Otherwise, the result will be a composite.
|
|
// Likewise for the background. If the bottom of a coordinate's zbuffer is
|
|
// reached with a cumulative alpha of zero, the default is used. In this way,
|
|
// a terminal configured with transparent background can be supported through
|
|
// multiple occluding ncplanes. A foreground alpha of 11 requests high-contrast
|
|
// text (relative to the computed background). A background alpha of 11 is
|
|
// currently forbidden.
|
|
//
|
|
// Default color takes precedence over palette or RGB, and cannot be used with
|
|
// transparency. Indexed palette takes precedence over RGB. It cannot
|
|
// meaningfully set transparency, but it can be mixed into a cascading color.
|
|
// RGB is used if neither default terminal colors nor palette indexing are in
|
|
// play, and fully supports all transparency options.
|
|
typedef struct cell {
|
|
// These 32 bits, together with the associated plane's associated egcpool,
|
|
// completely define this cell's EGC. Unless the EGC requires more than four
|
|
// bytes to encode as UTF-8, it will be inlined here. If more than four bytes
|
|
// are required, it will be spilled into the egcpool. In either case, there's
|
|
// a NUL-terminated string available without copying, because (1) the egcpool
|
|
// is all NUL-terminated sequences and (2) the fifth byte of this struct (the
|
|
// gcluster_backstop field, see below) is guaranteed to be zero, as are any
|
|
// unused bytes in gcluster.
|
|
//
|
|
// A spilled EGC is indicated by the value 0x01XXXXXX. This cannot alias a
|
|
// true supra-ASCII EGC, because UTF-8 only encodes bytes <= 0x80 when they
|
|
// are single-byte ASCII-derived values. The XXXXXX is interpreted as a 24-bit
|
|
// index into the egcpool. These pools may thus be up to 16MB.
|
|
//
|
|
// The cost of this scheme is that the character 0x01 (SOH) cannot be encoded
|
|
// in a cell, which is absolutely fine because what 70s horseshit is SOH? It
|
|
// must not be allowed through the API, or havoc will result.
|
|
uint32_t gcluster; // 4B → 4B
|
|
uint8_t gcluster_backstop; // 1B → 5B (8 bits of zero)
|
|
uint8_t reserved; // 1B → 6B (8 reserved bits, ought be zero)
|
|
uint16_t stylemask; // 2B → 8B (16 bits of NCSTYLE_* attributes)
|
|
// (channels & 0x8000000000000000ull): part of a wide glyph
|
|
// (channels & 0x4000000000000000ull): foreground is *not* "default color"
|
|
// (channels & 0x3000000000000000ull): foreground alpha (2 bits)
|
|
// (channels & 0x0800000000000000ull): foreground uses palette index
|
|
// (channels & 0x0400000000000000ull): glyph is entirely foreground
|
|
// (channels & 0x0300000000000000ull): reserved, must be 0
|
|
// (channels & 0x00ffffff00000000ull): foreground in 3x8 RGB (rrggbb)
|
|
// (channels & 0x0000000080000000ull): reserved, must be 0
|
|
// (channels & 0x0000000040000000ull): background is *not* "default color"
|
|
// (channels & 0x0000000030000000ull): background alpha (2 bits)
|
|
// (channels & 0x0000000008000000ull): background uses palette index
|
|
// (channels & 0x0000000007000000ull): reserved, must be 0
|
|
// (channels & 0x0000000000ffffffull): background in 3x8 RGB (rrggbb)
|
|
// At render time, these 24-bit values are quantized down to terminal
|
|
// capabilities, if necessary. There's a clear path to 10-bit support should
|
|
// we one day need it, but keep things cagey for now. "default color" is
|
|
// best explained by color(3NCURSES). ours is the same concept. until the
|
|
// "not default color" bit is set, any color you load will be ignored.
|
|
uint64_t channels; // + 8B == 16B
|
|
} cell;
|
|
|
|
#define CELL_WIDEASIAN_MASK 0x8000000000000000ull
|
|
#define CELL_BGDEFAULT_MASK 0x0000000040000000ull
|
|
#define CELL_FGDEFAULT_MASK (CELL_BGDEFAULT_MASK << 32u)
|
|
#define CELL_BG_RGB_MASK 0x0000000000ffffffull
|
|
#define CELL_FG_RGB_MASK (CELL_BG_MASK << 32u)
|
|
#define CELL_BG_PALETTE 0x0000000008000000ull
|
|
#define CELL_FG_PALETTE (CELL_BG_PALETTE << 32u)
|
|
#define NCCHANNEL_ALPHA_MASK 0x30000000ull
|
|
#define CELL_ALPHA_HIGHCONTRAST 0x30000000ull
|
|
#define CELL_ALPHA_TRANSPARENT 0x20000000ull
|
|
#define CELL_ALPHA_BLEND 0x10000000ull
|
|
#define CELL_ALPHA_OPAQUE 0x00000000ull
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
`cell`s must be initialized with an initialization macro or `cell_init()`
|
|
before any other use. `cell_init()` and `CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER` both
|
|
simply zero out the `cell`.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
#define CELL_TRIVIAL_INITIALIZER { }
|
|
#define CELL_CHAR_INITIALIZER(c) { .gcluster = (c), .gcluster_backstop = 0, .reserved = 0, .stylemask = 0, .channels = 0, }
|
|
#define CELL_INITIALIZER(c, s, chan) { .gcluster = (c), .gcluster_backstop = 0, .reserved = 0, .stylemask = (s), .channels = (chan), }
|
|
|
|
static inline void
|
|
cell_init(cell* c){
|
|
memset(c, 0, sizeof(*c));
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
A `cell` has three fundamental elements:
|
|
|
|
* The EGC displayed at this coordinate, encoded in UTF-8. If the EGC is a
|
|
single ASCII character (value less than 0x80), it is stored inline in
|
|
the `cell`'s `gcluster` field. Otherwise, `gcluster`'s top 24 bits
|
|
are a 128-biased offset into the associated `ncplane`'s egcpool. This
|
|
implies that `cell`s are associated with `ncplane`s once prepared.
|
|
* The Curses-style attributes of the text.
|
|
* The 52 bits of foreground and background RGBA (2x8/8/8/2), plus a few flags.
|
|
|
|
The EGC should be loaded using `cell_load()`. Either a single NUL-terminated
|
|
EGC can be provided, or a string composed of multiple EGCs. In the latter case,
|
|
the first EGC from the string is loaded. Remember, backing storage for the EGC
|
|
is provided by the `ncplane` passed to `cell_load()`; if this `ncplane` is
|
|
destroyed (or even erased), the `cell` cannot safely be used. If you're done
|
|
using the `cell` before being done with the `ncplane`, call `cell_release()`
|
|
to free up the EGC resources.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Breaks the UTF-8 string in 'gcluster' down, setting up the cell 'c'. Returns
|
|
// the number of bytes copied out of 'gcluster', or -1 on failure. The styling
|
|
// of the cell is left untouched, but any resources are released.
|
|
int cell_load(struct ncplane* n, cell* c, const char* gcluster);
|
|
|
|
// cell_load(), plus blast the styling with 'attr' and 'channels'.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
cell_prime(struct ncplane* n, cell* c, const char* gcluster,
|
|
uint32_t stylemask, uint64_t channels){
|
|
c->stylemask = stylemask;
|
|
c->channels = channels;
|
|
int ret = cell_load(n, c, gcluster);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Duplicate 'c' into 'targ'. Not intended for external use; exposed for the
|
|
// benefit of unit tests.
|
|
int cell_duplicate(struct ncplane* n, cell* targ, const cell* c);
|
|
|
|
// Release resources held by the cell 'c'.
|
|
void cell_release(struct ncplane* n, cell* c);
|
|
|
|
#define NCSTYLE_MASK 0x03fful
|
|
#define NCSTYLE_STANDOUT 0x0080ul
|
|
#define NCSTYLE_UNDERLINE 0x0040ul
|
|
#define NCSTYLE_REVERSE 0x0020ul
|
|
#define NCSTYLE_BLINK 0x0010ul
|
|
#define NCSTYLE_DIM 0x0008ul
|
|
#define NCSTYLE_BOLD 0x0004ul
|
|
#define NCSTYLE_INVIS 0x0002ul
|
|
#define NCSTYLE_PROTECT 0x0001ul
|
|
#define NCSTYLE_ITALIC 0x0100ul
|
|
#define NCSTYLE_STRUCK 0x0200ul
|
|
|
|
// copy the UTF8-encoded EGC out of the cell, whether simple or complex. the
|
|
// result is not tied to the ncplane, and persists across erases / destruction.
|
|
static inline char*
|
|
cell_strdup(const struct ncplane* n, const cell* c){
|
|
return strdup(cell_extended_gcluster(n, c));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Set the specified style bits for the cell 'c', whether they're actively
|
|
// supported or not. Only the lower 16 bits are meaningful.
|
|
static inline void
|
|
cell_styles_set(cell* c, unsigned stylebits){
|
|
c->stylemask = stylebits & NCSTYLE_MASK;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract the style bits from the cell.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
cell_styles(const cell* c){
|
|
return c->stylemask;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Add the specified styles (in the LSBs) to the cell's existing spec, whether
|
|
// they're actively supported or not.
|
|
static inline void
|
|
cell_on_styles(cell* c, unsigned stylebits){
|
|
c->stylemask |= (stylebits & NCSTYLE_MASK);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Remove the specified styles (in the LSBs) from the cell's existing spec.
|
|
static inline void
|
|
cell_off_styles(cell* c, unsigned stylebits){
|
|
c->stylemask &= ~(stylebits & NCSTYLE_MASK);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// does the cell contain an East Asian Wide codepoint?
|
|
static inline bool
|
|
cell_double_wide_p(const cell* c){
|
|
return (c->channels & CELL_WIDEASIAN_MASK);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
cell_load_char(struct ncplane* n, cell* c, char ch){
|
|
cell_release(n, c);
|
|
c->channels &= ~(CELL_WIDEASIAN_MASK | CELL_NOBACKGROUND_MASK);
|
|
c->gcluster = ch;
|
|
return 1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// return a pointer to the NUL-terminated EGC referenced by 'c'. this pointer
|
|
// is invalidated by any further operation on the plane 'n', so...watch out!
|
|
const char* cell_extended_gcluster(const struct ncplane* n, const cell* c);
|
|
|
|
// load up six cells with the EGCs necessary to draw a box. returns 0 on
|
|
// success, -1 on error. on error, any cells this function might
|
|
// have loaded before the error are cell_release()d. There must be at least
|
|
// six EGCs in gcluster.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
cells_load_box(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t style, uint64_t channels,
|
|
cell* ul, cell* ur, cell* ll, cell* lr,
|
|
cell* hl, cell* vl, const char* gclusters){
|
|
int ulen;
|
|
if((ulen = cell_prime(n, ul, gclusters, style, channels)) > 0){
|
|
if((ulen = cell_prime(n, ur, gclusters += ulen, style, channels)) > 0){
|
|
if((ulen = cell_prime(n, ll, gclusters += ulen, style, channels)) > 0){
|
|
if((ulen = cell_prime(n, lr, gclusters += ulen, style, channels)) > 0){
|
|
if((ulen = cell_prime(n, hl, gclusters += ulen, style, channels)) > 0){
|
|
if((ulen = cell_prime(n, vl, gclusters += ulen, style, channels)) > 0){
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
cell_release(n, hl);
|
|
}
|
|
cell_release(n, lr);
|
|
}
|
|
cell_release(n, ll);
|
|
}
|
|
cell_release(n, ur);
|
|
}
|
|
cell_release(n, ul);
|
|
}
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
cells_rounded_box(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t attr, uint64_t channels,
|
|
cell* ul, cell* ur, cell* ll, cell* lr, cell* hl, cell* vl){
|
|
return cells_load_box(n, attr, channels, ul, ur, ll, lr, hl, vl, "╭╮╰╯─│");
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
cells_double_box(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t attr, uint64_t channels,
|
|
cell* ul, cell* ur, cell* ll, cell* lr, cell* hl, cell* vl){
|
|
return cells_load_box(n, attr, channels, ul, ur, ll, lr, hl, vl, "╔╗╚╝═║");
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Cell channels API
|
|
|
|
Helpers are provided to manipulate a `cell`'s `channels` member. They are all
|
|
implemented in terms of the lower-level [Channels API](#channels).
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Extract the 32-bit background channel from a cell.
|
|
static inline uint32_t
|
|
cell_bchannel(const cell* cl){
|
|
return channels_bchannel(cl->channels);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract the 32-bit foreground channel from a cell.
|
|
static inline uint32_t
|
|
cell_fchannel(const cell* cl){
|
|
return channels_fchannel(cl->channels);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 24 bits of foreground RGB from 'cell', shifted to LSBs.
|
|
static inline uint32_t
|
|
cell_fg_rgb(const cell* cl){
|
|
return channels_fg_rgb(cl->channels);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 24 bits of background RGB from 'cell', shifted to LSBs.
|
|
static inline uint32_t
|
|
cell_bg_rgb(const cell* cl){
|
|
return channels_bg_rgb(cl->channels);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 2 bits of foreground alpha from 'cell', shifted to LSBs.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
cell_fg_alpha(const cell* cl){
|
|
return channels_fg_alpha(cl->channels);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 2 bits of background alpha from 'cell', shifted to LSBs.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
cell_bg_alpha(const cell* cl){
|
|
return channels_bg_alpha(cl->channels);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 24 bits of foreground RGB from 'cell', split into subcell.
|
|
static inline uint32_t
|
|
cell_fg_rgb8(const cell* cl, unsigned* r, unsigned* g, unsigned* b){
|
|
return channels_fg_rgb8(cl->channels, r, g, b);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 24 bits of background RGB from 'cell', split into subcell.
|
|
static inline uint32_t
|
|
cell_bg_rgb8(const cell* cl, unsigned* r, unsigned* g, unsigned* b){
|
|
return channels_bg_rgb8(cl->channels, r, g, b);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Set the r, g, and b cell for the foreground component of this 64-bit
|
|
// 'cell' variable, and mark it as not using the default color.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
cell_set_fg_rgb8(cell* cl, int r, int g, int b){
|
|
return channels_set_fg_rgb8(&cl->channels, r, g, b);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Same, but clipped to [0..255].
|
|
static inline void
|
|
cell_set_fg_rgb8_clipped(cell* cl, int r, int g, int b){
|
|
channels_set_fg_rgb8_clipped(&cl->channels, r, g, b);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Same, but with an assembled 24-bit RGB value.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
cell_set_fg_rgb(cell* c, uint32_t channel){
|
|
return channels_set_fg_rgb(&c->channels, channel);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Set the r, g, and b cell for the background component of this 64-bit
|
|
// 'cell' variable, and mark it as not using the default color.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
cell_set_bg_rgb8(cell* cl, int r, int g, int b){
|
|
return channels_set_bg_rgb8(&cl->channels, r, g, b);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Same, but clipped to [0..255].
|
|
static inline void
|
|
cell_set_bg_rgb8_clipped(cell* cl, int r, int g, int b){
|
|
channels_set_bg_rgb8_clipped(&cl->channels, r, g, b);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Same, but with an assembled 24-bit RGB value.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
cell_set_bg_rgb(cell* c, uint32_t channel){
|
|
return channels_set_bg_rgb(&c->channels, channel);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
cell_set_fg_alpha(cell* c, unsigned alpha){
|
|
return channels_set_fg_alpha(&c->channels, alpha);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
cell_set_bg_alpha(cell* c, unsigned alpha){
|
|
return channels_set_bg_alpha(&c->channels, alpha);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Is the foreground using the "default foreground color"?
|
|
static inline bool
|
|
cell_fg_default_p(const cell* cl){
|
|
return channels_fg_default_p(cl->channels);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Is the background using the "default background color"? The "default
|
|
// background color" must generally be used to take advantage of
|
|
// terminal-effected transparency.
|
|
static inline bool
|
|
cell_bg_default_p(const cell* cl){
|
|
return channels_bg_default_p(cl->channels);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Use the default color for the foreground.
|
|
static inline void
|
|
cell_set_fg_default(cell* c){
|
|
channels_set_fg_default(&c->channels);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Use the default color for the background.
|
|
static inline void
|
|
cell_set_bg_default(cell* c){
|
|
channels_set_bg_default(&c->channels);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Reels
|
|
|
|
ncreels are a complex UI abstraction offered by notcurses, derived from my
|
|
similar work in [outcurses](https://github.com/dankamongmen/ncreels#ncreels).
|
|
|
|
The ncreel is a UI abstraction supported by Notcurses in which
|
|
dynamically-created and -destroyed toplevel entities (referred to as tablets)
|
|
are arranged as if on a cylinder, allowing for infinite scrolling
|
|
(infinite scrolling can be disabled, resulting in a rectangle rather than a
|
|
cylinder). This works naturally with keyboard navigation, mouse scrolling wheels,
|
|
and touchpads (including the capacitive touchscreens of modern cell phones).
|
|
The term "reel" derives from slot machines. An ncreel initially has
|
|
no tablets; at any given time thereafter, it has zero or more tablets, and if
|
|
there is at least one tablet, one tablet is focused (and on-screen). If the
|
|
last tablet is removed, no tablet is focused. A tablet can support navigation
|
|
within the tablet, in which case there is an in-tablet focus for the focused
|
|
tablet, which can also move among elements within the tablet.
|
|
|
|
The ncreel object tracks the size of the screen, the size, number,
|
|
information depth, and order of tablets, and the foci. It also draws the
|
|
optional borders around tablets and the optional border of the reel itself. It
|
|
knows nothing about the actual content of a tablet, save the number of lines it
|
|
occupies at each information depth. The typical control flow is that an
|
|
application receives events (from the UI or other event sources), and calls
|
|
into Notcurses saying e.g. "Tablet 2 now has 40 valid lines of information".
|
|
notcurses might then call back into the application, asking it to draw some
|
|
line(s) from some tablet(s) at some particular coordinate of that tablet's
|
|
plane. Finally, control returns to the application, and the cycle starts anew.
|
|
|
|
Each tablet might be wholly, partially, or not on-screen. Notcurses always
|
|
places as much of the focused tablet as is possible on-screen (if the focused
|
|
tablet has more lines than the actual reel does, it cannot be wholly on-screen.
|
|
In this case, the focused subelements of the tablet are always on-screen). The
|
|
placement of the focused tablet depends on how it was reached (when moving to
|
|
the next tablet, offscreen tablets are brought onscreen at the bottom. When
|
|
moving to the previous tablet, offscreen tablets are brought onscreen at the
|
|
top. When moving to an arbitrary tablet which is neither the next nor previous
|
|
tablet, it will be placed in the center).
|
|
|
|
The controlling application can, at any time,
|
|
|
|
* Insert a new tablet somewhere in the reel (possibly off-screen)
|
|
* Delete a (possibly off-screen) tablet from the reel
|
|
* Change focus to the next or previous tablet, bringing it on-screen if it is off
|
|
* Change focus to some arbitrary other tablet, bringing it on-screen if it is off
|
|
* Expand or collapse the information depth of a tablet
|
|
* Change the content of a tablet, updating it if it is on-screen
|
|
* Remove content from a tablet, possibly resizing it, and possibly changing focus within the tablet
|
|
* Add content to the tablet, possibly resizing it, and possibly creating focus within the tablet
|
|
* Navigate within the focused tablet
|
|
* Create or destroy new planes atop the ncreel
|
|
* Indicate that the screen has been resized or needs be redrawn
|
|
|
|
A special case arises when moving among the tablets of a reel having multiple
|
|
tablets, all of which fit entirely on-screen, and infinite scrolling is in use.
|
|
Normally, upon moving to the next tablet from the bottommost tablet, the
|
|
(offscreen) next tablet is pulled up into the bottom of the reel (the reverse
|
|
is true when moving to the previous tablet from the topmost). When all tablets
|
|
are onscreen with infinite scrolling, there are two possibilities: either the
|
|
focus scrolls (moving from the bottom tablet to the top tablet, for instance),
|
|
or the reel scrolls (preserving order among the tablets, but changing their
|
|
order on-screen). In this latter case, moving to the next tablet from the
|
|
bottommost tablet results in the tablet which is gaining focus being brought to
|
|
the bottom of the screen from the top, and all other tablets moving up on the
|
|
screen. Moving to the previous tablet from the topmost tablet results in the
|
|
bottommost tablet moving to the top of the screen, and all other tablets moving
|
|
down. This behavior matches the typical behavior precisely, and avoids a rude
|
|
UI discontinuity when the tablets grow to fill the entire screen (or shrink to
|
|
not fill it). If it is not desired, however, scrolling of focus can be
|
|
configured instead.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// An ncreel is a Notcurses region devoted to displaying zero or more
|
|
// line-oriented, contained tablets between which the user may navigate. If at
|
|
// least one tablets exists, there is a "focused tablet". As much of the focused
|
|
// tablet as is possible is always displayed. If there is space left over, other
|
|
// tablets are included in the display. Tablets can come and go at any time, and
|
|
// can grow or shrink at any time.
|
|
//
|
|
// This structure is amenable to line- and page-based navigation via keystrokes,
|
|
// scrolling gestures, trackballs, scrollwheels, touchpads, and verbal commands.
|
|
|
|
// is scrolling infinite (can one move down or up forever, or is an end
|
|
// reached?). if true, 'circular' specifies how to handle the special case of
|
|
// an incompletely-filled reel.
|
|
#define NCREEL_OPTION_INFINITESCROLL 0x0001ull
|
|
// is navigation circular (does moving down from the last tablet move to the
|
|
// first, and vice versa)? only meaningful when infinitescroll is true. if
|
|
// infinitescroll is false, this must be false.
|
|
#define NCREEL_OPTION_CIRCULAR 0x0002ull
|
|
|
|
typedef struct ncreel_options {
|
|
// Notcurses can draw a border around the ncreel, and also around the
|
|
// component tablets. inhibit borders by setting all valid bits in the masks.
|
|
// partially inhibit borders by setting individual bits in the masks. the
|
|
// appropriate attr and pair values will be used to style the borders.
|
|
// focused and non-focused tablets can have different styles. you can instead
|
|
// draw your own borders, or forgo borders entirely.
|
|
unsigned bordermask; // bitfield; 1s will not be drawn (see bordermaskbits)
|
|
uint64_t borderchan; // attributes used for ncreel border
|
|
unsigned tabletmask; // bitfield; same as bordermask but for tablet borders
|
|
uint64_t tabletchan; // tablet border styling channel
|
|
uint64_t focusedchan;// focused tablet border styling channel
|
|
uint64_t flags; // bitfield over NCREEL_OPTION_*
|
|
} ncreel_options;
|
|
|
|
struct nctablet;
|
|
struct ncreel;
|
|
|
|
// Take over the ncplane 'nc' and use it to draw a reel according to 'popts'.
|
|
// The plane will be destroyed by ncreel_destroy(); this transfers ownership.
|
|
struct ncreel* ncreel_create(struct ncplane* n, const ncreel_options* popts)
|
|
__attribute__ ((nonnull (1)));
|
|
|
|
// Returns the ncplane on which this ncreel lives.
|
|
struct ncplane* ncreel_plane(struct ncreel* pr);
|
|
|
|
// Tablet draw callback, provided a tablet (from which the ncplane and userptr
|
|
// may be extracted), and a bool indicating whether output ought be drawn from
|
|
// the top (true) or bottom (false). Returns non-negative count of output lines,
|
|
// which must be less than or equal to ncplane_dim_y(nctablet_plane(t)).
|
|
typedef int (*tabletcb)(struct nctablet* t, bool drawfromtop);
|
|
|
|
// Add a new nctablet to the provided ncreel 'nr', having the callback object
|
|
// 'opaque'. Neither, either, or both of 'after' and 'before' may be specified.
|
|
// If neither is specified, the new tablet can be added anywhere on the reel.
|
|
// If one or the other is specified, the tablet will be added before or after
|
|
// the specified tablet. If both are specified, the tablet will be added to the
|
|
// resulting location, assuming it is valid (after->next == before->prev); if
|
|
// it is not valid, or there is any other error, NULL will be returned.
|
|
struct nctablet* ncreel_add(struct ncreel* nr, struct nctablet* after,
|
|
struct nctablet* before, tabletcb cb, void* opaque);
|
|
|
|
// Return the number of nctablets in the ncreel 'nr'.
|
|
int ncreel_tabletcount(const struct ncreel* nr);
|
|
|
|
// Delete the tablet specified by t from the ncreel 'nr'. Returns -1 if the
|
|
// tablet cannot be found.
|
|
int ncreel_del(struct ncreel* nr, struct nctablet* t);
|
|
|
|
// Redraw the ncreel 'nr' in its entirety. The reel will be cleared, and
|
|
// tablets will be lain out, using the focused tablet as a fulcrum. Tablet
|
|
// drawing callbacks will be invoked for each visible tablet.
|
|
int ncreel_redraw(struct ncreel* nr);
|
|
|
|
// Offer input 'ni' to the ncreel 'nr'. If it's relevant, this function returns
|
|
// true, and the input ought not be processed further. If it's irrelevant to
|
|
// the reel, false is returned. Relevant inputs include:
|
|
// * a mouse click on a tablet (focuses tablet)
|
|
// * a mouse scrollwheel event (rolls reel)
|
|
// * up, down, pgup, or pgdown (navigates among items)
|
|
bool ncreel_offer_input(struct ncreel* nr, const struct ncinput* ni);
|
|
|
|
// Return the focused tablet, if any tablets are present. This is not a copy;
|
|
// be careful to use it only for the duration of a critical section.
|
|
struct nctablet* ncreel_focused(struct ncreel* nr);
|
|
|
|
// Change focus to the next tablet, if one exists
|
|
struct nctablet* ncreel_next(struct ncreel* nr);
|
|
|
|
// Change focus to the previous tablet, if one exists
|
|
struct nctablet* ncreel_prev(struct ncreel* nr);
|
|
|
|
// Destroy an ncreel allocated with ncreel_create().
|
|
void ncreel_destroy(struct ncreel* nr);
|
|
|
|
// Returns a pointer to a user pointer associated with this nctablet.
|
|
void* nctablet_userptr(struct nctablet* t);
|
|
|
|
// Access the ncplane associated with nctablet 't', if one exists.
|
|
struct ncplane* nctablet_plane(struct nctablet* t);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### ncreel examples
|
|
|
|
Let's say we have a screen of 11 lines, and 3 tablets of one line each. Both
|
|
a screen border and tablet borders are in use. The tablets are A, B, and C.
|
|
No gap is in use between tablets. Xs indicate focus. If B currently has focus,
|
|
and the next tablet is selected, the result would be something like:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| | A | | | | A | |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| --------- | ---- "next tablet" ---> | --------- |
|
|
| |XX B XX| | | | B | |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| | C | | | |XX C XX| |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If instead the previous tablet had been selected, we would of course get:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| | A | | | |XX A XX| |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| --------- | ---- "prev tablet" ---> | --------- |
|
|
| |XX B XX| | | | B | |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| | C | | | | C | |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If A instead has the focus, choosing the "next tablet" is trivial: the tablets
|
|
do not change, and focus shifts to B. If we choose the "previous tablet", there
|
|
are three possibilities:
|
|
|
|
* Finite scrolling: No change. The tablets stay in place. A remains focused.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| |XX A XX| | | |XX A XX| |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| --------- | ---- "prev tablet" ---> | --------- |
|
|
| | B | | (finite scroll) | | B | |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| | C | | | | C | |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
* Infinite scrolling with rotation: Focus shifts to C, which moves to the top:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| |XX A XX| | | |XX C XX| |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| --------- | ---- "prev tablet" ---> | --------- |
|
|
| | B | | (infinite scroll with | | A | |
|
|
| --------- | rotation) | --------- |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| | C | | | | B | |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
* Infinite scrolling with focus rotation: Focus shifts to C, and moves to the bottom:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| |XX A XX| | | | A | |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| --------- | ---- "prev tablet" ---> | --------- |
|
|
| | B | | (infinite scroll with | | B | |
|
|
| --------- | focus rotation) | --------- |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| | C | | | |XX C XX| |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Now imagine us to have the same 3 tablets, but each is now 4 lines. It is
|
|
impossible to have two of these tablets wholly onscreen at once, let alone all
|
|
three. If we started with A focused and at the top, the result after all three
|
|
tablets have grown will be:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
| --------- | | --------- | A remains at the top, and
|
|
| |XX A XX| | | |XXXXXXX| | is wholly on-screen. B is
|
|
| --------- | | |XX A XX| | below it, but we can show
|
|
| --------- | ---- "grow tablet" ---> | |XXXXXXX| | only the first two lines.
|
|
| | B | | A (focused) | |XXXXXXX| | C has been pushed
|
|
| --------- | | --------- | off-screen.
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| | C | | | | | |
|
|
| --------- | | | B | |
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
When a tablet is enlarged, it grows towards the nearest boundary, unless that
|
|
would result in the focused tablet being moved, in which case the growing
|
|
tablet instead grows in the other direction (if the tablet is in the middle
|
|
of the screen exactly, it grows down). There is one exception to this rule: if
|
|
the tablets are not making full use of the screen, growth is always down (the
|
|
screen is always filled from the top), even if it moves the focused tablet.
|
|
|
|
A 12-line screen has three tablets: A (2 lines), B (1 line), C (1 line), filling
|
|
the screen exactly. B is focused, and grows two lines:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
| --------- | | --------- | B grows down, since it is
|
|
| | A | | | | A | | closer to the bottom (3
|
|
| | | | | | | | lines) than the top (4
|
|
| --------- | ---- "grow tablet" ---> | --------- | lines). C is pushed almost
|
|
| --------- | B (focused) | --------- | entirely off-screen. A is
|
|
| |XX B XX| | | |XXXXXXX| | untouched.
|
|
| --------- | | |XX B XX| |
|
|
| --------- | | |XXXXXXX| |
|
|
| | C | | | --------- |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Starting with the same situation, A grows by 2 lines instead:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
| --------- | | | | | A grows up. It would have
|
|
| | A | | | | A | | grown down, but that would
|
|
| | | | | | | | have moved B, which has
|
|
| --------- | ---- "grow tablet" ---> | --------- | the focus. B and C remain
|
|
| --------- | A (not focused) | --------- | where they are; A moves
|
|
| |XX B XX| | | |XX B XX| | partially off-screen.
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
| | C | | | | C | |
|
|
| --------- | | --------- |
|
|
------------- -------------
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If we started with the same situation, and B grew by 7 lines, it would first
|
|
push C entirely off-screen (B would then have four lines of text), and then
|
|
push A off-screen. B would then have eight lines of text, the maximum on a
|
|
12-line screen with both types of borders.
|
|
|
|
## Widgets
|
|
|
|
Selectors:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
╭──────────────────────────╮
|
|
│This is the primary header│
|
|
╭──────────────────────this is the secondary header──────╮
|
|
│ ↑ │
|
|
│ option1 Long text #1 │
|
|
│ option2 Long text #2 │
|
|
│ option3 Long text #3 │
|
|
│ option4 Long text #4 │
|
|
│ option5 Long text #5 │
|
|
│ option6 Long text #6 │
|
|
│ ↓ │
|
|
╰────────────────────────────────────here's the footer───╯
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Multiselectors:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
╭───────────────────╮
|
|
│ short round title │
|
|
╭now this secondary is also very, very, very outlandishly long, you see┤
|
|
│ ↑ │
|
|
│ ☐ Pa231 Protactinium-231 (162kg) │
|
|
│ ☐ U233 Uranium-233 (15kg) │
|
|
│ ☐ U235 Uranium-235 (50kg) │
|
|
│ ☒ Np236 Neptunium-236 (7kg) │
|
|
│ ☐ Np237 Neptunium-237 (60kg) │
|
|
│ ☐ Pu238 Plutonium-238 (10kg) │
|
|
│ ☐ Pu239 Plutonium-239 (10kg) │
|
|
│ ☒ Pu240 Plutonium-240 (40kg) │
|
|
│ ☐ Pu241 Plutonium-241 (13kg) │
|
|
│ ☐ Am241 Americium-241 (100kg) │
|
|
│ ↓ │
|
|
╰────────────────────────press q to exit (there is sartrev("no exit"))─╯
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Menus:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
Schwarzgerät File Help
|
|
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx╭─────────────╮xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
|
|
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx│New Ctrl+n│xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
|
|
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx│Open Ctrl+o│xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
|
|
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx│Close Ctrl+c│xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
|
|
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx├─────────────┤xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
|
|
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx│Quit Ctrl+q│xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
|
|
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx╰─────────────╯xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Readers
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
typedef struct ncreader_options {
|
|
uint64_t tchannels; // channels used for input
|
|
uint32_t tattrword; // attributes used for input
|
|
bool scroll; // allow more than the physical area's worth of input
|
|
} ncreader_options;
|
|
|
|
// ncreaders provide freeform input in a (possibly multiline) region, supporting
|
|
// optional readline keybindings. takes ownership of 'n', destroying it on any
|
|
// error (ncreader_destroy() otherwise destroys the ncplane).
|
|
struct ncreader* ncreader_create(struct ncplane* n, const ncreader_options* opts);
|
|
|
|
// empty the ncreader of any user input, and home the cursor.
|
|
int ncreader_clear(struct ncreader* n);
|
|
|
|
struct ncplane* ncreader_plane(struct ncreader* n);
|
|
|
|
// Offer the input to the ncreader. If it's relevant, this function returns
|
|
// true, and the input ought not be processed further. Almost all inputs
|
|
// are relevant to an ncreader, save synthesized ones.
|
|
bool ncreader_offer_input(struct ncreader* n, const struct ncinput* ni);
|
|
|
|
// return a nul-terminated heap copy of the current (UTF-8) contents.
|
|
char* ncreader_contents(const struct ncreader* n);
|
|
|
|
// destroy the reader and its bound plane(s). if 'contents' is not NULL, the
|
|
// UTF-8 input will be heap-duplicated and written to 'contents'.
|
|
void ncreader_destroy(struct ncreader* n, char** contents);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Channels
|
|
|
|
A channel encodes 24 bits of RGB color, using 8 bits for each component. It
|
|
additionally provides 2 bits of alpha channel, a bit for selecting terminal
|
|
default colors, and a bit to indicate whether it describes a Wide East Asian
|
|
character. The remaining four bits are reserved. Typically two channels are
|
|
bound together in a 64-bit unsigned integer (`uint64_t`), with eight bits
|
|
currently going unused. There is such a double-channel in every `cell` and
|
|
`ncplane` object.
|
|
|
|
Usually, the higher-level `ncplane` and `cell` functionality ought be used. It
|
|
will sometimes be necessary, however, to muck with channels at their lowest
|
|
level. The channel API facilitates such muckery. All channel-related `ncplane`
|
|
and `cell` functionality is implemented in terms of this API.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Extract the 8-bit red component from a 32-bit channel.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channel_r(uint32_t channel){
|
|
return (channel & 0xff0000u) >> 16u;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract the 8-bit green component from a 32-bit channel.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channel_g(uint32_t channel){
|
|
return (channel & 0x00ff00u) >> 8u;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract the 8-bit blue component from a 32-bit channel.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channel_b(uint32_t channel){
|
|
return (channel & 0x0000ffu);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract the three 8-bit R/G/B components from a 32-bit channel.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channel_rgb8(uint32_t channel, unsigned* r, unsigned* g, unsigned* b){
|
|
*r = channel_r(channel);
|
|
*g = channel_g(channel);
|
|
*b = channel_b(channel);
|
|
return channel;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Set the three 8-bit components of a 32-bit channel, and mark it as not using
|
|
// the default color. Retain the other bits unchanged.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
channel_set_rgb8(unsigned* channel, int r, int g, int b){
|
|
if(r >= 256 || g >= 256 || b >= 256){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
if(r < 0 || g < 0 || b < 0){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
unsigned c = (r << 16u) | (g << 8u) | b;
|
|
c |= CELL_BGDEFAULT_MASK;
|
|
const uint64_t mask = CELL_BGDEFAULT_MASK | CELL_BG_MASK;
|
|
*channel = (*channel & ~mask) | c;
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Same, but provide an assembled, packed 24 bits of rgb.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
channel_set(unsigned* channel, unsigned rgb){
|
|
if(rgb > 0xffffffu){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
*channel = (*channel & ~CELL_BG_MASK) | CELL_BGDEFAULT_MASK | rgb;
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract the 2-bit alpha component from a 32-bit channel.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channel_alpha(unsigned channel){
|
|
return (channel & CELL_ALPHA_MASK) >> CELL_ALPHA_SHIFT;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Set the 2-bit alpha component of the 32-bit channel.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
channel_set_alpha(unsigned* channel, unsigned alpha){
|
|
if(alpha < CELL_ALPHA_OPAQUE || alpha > CELL_ALPHA_TRANS){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
*channel = (alpha << CELL_ALPHA_SHIFT) | (*channel & ~CELL_ALPHA_MASK);
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Is this channel using the "default color" rather than its RGB?
|
|
static inline bool
|
|
channel_default_p(unsigned channel){
|
|
return !(channel & CELL_BGDEFAULT_MASK);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Mark the channel as using its default color.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channel_set_default(unsigned* channel){
|
|
return *channel &= ~CELL_BGDEFAULT_MASK;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract the 32-bit background channel from a channel pair.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channels_bchannel(uint64_t channels){
|
|
return channels & 0xfffffffflu;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract the 32-bit foreground channel from a channel pair.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channels_fchannel(uint64_t channels){
|
|
return channels_bchannel(channels >> 32u);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 24 bits of foreground RGB from 'channels', shifted to LSBs.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channels_fg_rgb(uint64_t channels){
|
|
return channels_fchannel(channels) & CELL_BG_MASK;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 24 bits of background RGB from 'channels', shifted to LSBs.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channels_bg_rgb(uint64_t channels){
|
|
return channels_bchannel(channels) & CELL_BG_MASK;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 2 bits of foreground alpha from 'channels', shifted to LSBs.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channels_fg_alpha(uint64_t channels){
|
|
return channel_alpha(channels_fchannel(channels));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 2 bits of background alpha from 'channels', shifted to LSBs.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channels_bg_alpha(uint64_t channels){
|
|
return channel_alpha(channels_bchannel(channels));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 24 bits of foreground RGB from 'channels', split into subchannels.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channels_fg_rgb8(uint64_t channels, unsigned* r, unsigned* g, unsigned* b){
|
|
return channel_rgb8(channels_fchannel(channels), r, g, b);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Extract 24 bits of background RGB from 'channels', split into subchannels.
|
|
static inline unsigned
|
|
channels_bg_rgb8(uint64_t channels, unsigned* r, unsigned* g, unsigned* b){
|
|
return channel_rgb8(channels_bchannel(channels), r, g, b);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Set the r, g, and b channels for the foreground component of this 64-bit
|
|
// 'channels' variable, and mark it as not using the default color.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
channels_set_fg_rgb8(uint64_t* channels, int r, int g, int b){
|
|
unsigned channel = channels_fchannel(*channels);
|
|
if(channel_set_rgb8(&channel, r, g, b) < 0){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
*channels = ((uint64_t)channel << 32llu) | (*channels & 0xffffffffllu);
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Set the r, g, and b channels for the background component of this 64-bit
|
|
// 'channels' variable, and mark it as not using the default color.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
channels_set_bg_rgb8(uint64_t* channels, int r, int g, int b){
|
|
unsigned channel = channels_bchannel(*channels);
|
|
if(channel_set_rgb8(&channel, r, g, b) < 0){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
*channels = (*channels & 0xffffffff00000000llu) | channel;
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Same, but set an assembled 32 bit channel at once.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
channels_set_fg_rgb(uint64_t* channels, unsigned rgb){
|
|
unsigned channel = channels_fchannel(*channels);
|
|
if(channel_set(&channel, rgb) < 0){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
*channels = ((uint64_t)channel << 32llu) | (*channels & 0xffffffffllu);
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
channels_set_bg_rgb(uint64_t* channels, unsigned rgb){
|
|
unsigned channel = channels_bchannel(*channels);
|
|
if(channel_set(&channel, rgb) < 0){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
*channels = (*channels & 0xffffffff00000000llu) | channel;
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Set the 2-bit alpha component of the foreground channel.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
channels_set_fg_alpha(uint64_t* channels, unsigned alpha){
|
|
unsigned channel = channels_fchannel(*channels);
|
|
if(channel_set_alpha(&channel, alpha) < 0){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
*channels = ((uint64_t)channel << 32llu) | (*channels & 0xffffffffllu);
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Set the 2-bit alpha component of the background channel.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
channels_set_bg_alpha(uint64_t* channels, unsigned alpha){
|
|
if(alpha == CELL_ALPHA_HIGHCONTRAST){ // forbidden for background alpha
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
unsigned channel = channels_bchannel(*channels);
|
|
if(channel_set_alpha(&channel, alpha) < 0){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
*channels = (*channels & 0xffffffff00000000llu) | channel;
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Is the foreground using the "default foreground color"?
|
|
static inline bool
|
|
channels_fg_default_p(uint64_t channels){
|
|
return channel_default_p(channels_fchannel(channels));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Is the background using the "default background color"? The "default
|
|
// background color" must generally be used to take advantage of
|
|
// terminal-effected transparency.
|
|
static inline bool
|
|
channels_bg_default_p(uint64_t channels){
|
|
return channel_default_p(channels_bchannel(channels));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Mark the foreground channel as using its default color.
|
|
static inline uint64_t
|
|
channels_set_fg_default(uint64_t* channels){
|
|
unsigned channel = channels_fchannel(*channels);
|
|
channel_set_default(&channel);
|
|
*channels = ((uint64_t)channel << 32llu) | (*channels & 0xffffffffllu);
|
|
return *channels;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Mark the foreground channel as using its default color.
|
|
static inline uint64_t
|
|
channels_set_bg_default(uint64_t* channels){
|
|
unsigned channel = channels_bchannel(*channels);
|
|
channel_set_default(&channel);
|
|
*channels = (*channels & 0xffffffff00000000llu) | channel;
|
|
return *channels;
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Visuals
|
|
|
|
`ncvisual`s are virtual pixel framebuffers. They can be operated upon using
|
|
familiar pixel graphics routines, and then rendered to a (character-
|
|
graphics) plane using a variety of blitting methods:
|
|
|
|
* Space with background color -- the only blitter that works in ASCII
|
|
mode. 1:1 pixels map losslessly to 2:1 cells.
|
|
* Unicode upper- and lower-half blocks (▀ and ▄, respectively). 2:1 pixels
|
|
map losslessly to 2:1 cells. The default blitting mode.
|
|
* Unicode half blocks plus quadrants. 2x2 pixels map to 2:1 cells.
|
|
* Braille. 4:2 pixels map to 2:1 cells. Useful when only two colors are needed
|
|
in a small area, due to high resolution.
|
|
|
|
It is most typicaly to prepare `ncvisual`s from files on disk (see
|
|
[Multimedia](#multimedia) below); this requires Notcurses to be built against
|
|
a multimedia engine. Even without such an engine, `ncvisual`s can be
|
|
constructed directly from RGBA or BGRA 8bpc memory:
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Prepare an ncvisual, and its underlying plane, based off RGBA content in
|
|
// memory at 'rgba'. 'rgba' must be a flat array of 32-bit 8bpc RGBA pixels.
|
|
// These must be arranged in 'rowstride' lines, where the first 'cols' * 4b
|
|
// are actual data. There must be 'rows' lines. The total size of 'rgba'
|
|
// must thus be at least (rows * rowstride) bytes, of which (rows * cols * 4)
|
|
// bytes are actual data. The resulting plane will be ceil('rows'/2)x'cols'.
|
|
struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_rgba(struct notcurses* nc, const void* rgba,
|
|
int rows, int rowstride, int cols);
|
|
|
|
// ncvisual_from_rgba(), but for BGRA.
|
|
struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_bgra(struct notcurses* nc, const void* bgra,
|
|
int rows, int rowstride, int cols);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
`ncvisual`s can also be loaded from the contents of a plane:
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Promote an ncplane 'n' to an ncvisual. The plane may contain only spaces,
|
|
// half blocks, and full blocks. The latter will be checked, and any other
|
|
// glyph will result in a NULL being returned. This function exists so that
|
|
// planes can be subjected to ncvisual transformations. If possible, it's
|
|
// better to create the ncvisual from memory using ncvisual_from_rgba().
|
|
struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_plane(const struct ncplane* n, ncblitter_e blit,
|
|
int begy, int begx, int leny, int lenx);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Various transformations can be applied to an `ncvisual`, regardless of how
|
|
it was built up:
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Get the size and ratio of ncvisual pixels to output cells along the y
|
|
// ('toy') and x ('tox') axes. A ncvisual of '*y'X'*x' pixels will require
|
|
// ('*y' * '*toy')X('x' * 'tox') cells for full output. Returns non-zero
|
|
// for an invalid 'vopts->blitter'. Scaling is taken into account.
|
|
int ncvisual_geom(const struct notcurses* nc, const struct ncvisual* n,
|
|
const struct ncvisual_options* vopts,
|
|
int* y, int* x, int* toy, int* tox);
|
|
|
|
// Rotate the visual 'rads' radians. Only M_PI/2 and -M_PI/2 are
|
|
// supported at the moment, but this will change FIXME.
|
|
int ncvisual_rotate(struct ncvisual* n, double rads);
|
|
|
|
// Resize the visual so that it is 'rows' X 'columns'. This is a lossy
|
|
// transformation, unless the size is unchanged.
|
|
int ncvisual_resize(struct ncvisual* n, int rows, int cols);
|
|
|
|
// Polyfill at the specified location within the ncvisual 'n', using 'rgba'.
|
|
int ncvisual_polyfill_yx(struct ncvisual* n, int y, int x, uint32_t rgba);
|
|
|
|
// Get the specified pixel from the specified ncvisual.
|
|
int ncvisual_at_yx(const struct ncvisual* n, int y, int x, uint32_t* pixel);
|
|
|
|
// Set the specified pixel in the specified ncvisual.
|
|
int ncvisual_set_yx(const struct ncvisual* n, int y, int x, uint32_t pixel);
|
|
|
|
// If a subtitle ought be displayed at this time, return a heap-allocated copy
|
|
// of the UTF8 text.
|
|
char* ncvisual_subtitle(const struct ncvisual* ncv);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
And finally, the `ncvisual` can be blitted to one or more `ncplane`s:
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Render the decoded frame to the specified ncplane (if one is not provided,
|
|
// one will be created, having the exact size necessary to display the visual.
|
|
// In this case, 'style' must be NCSTYLE_NONE). A subregion of the visual can
|
|
// be rendered using 'begx', 'begy', 'lenx', and 'leny'. Negative values for
|
|
// 'begy' or 'begx' are an error. It is an error to specify any region beyond
|
|
// the boundaries of the frame. Returns the plane to which we drew (if ncv->n
|
|
// is NULL, a new plane will be created).
|
|
struct ncplane* ncvisual_render(struct notcurses* nc, struct ncvisual* ncv,
|
|
const struct ncvisual_options* vopts);
|
|
|
|
// decode the next frame ala ncvisual_decode(), but if we have reached the end,
|
|
// rewind to the first frame of the ncvisual. a subsequent `ncvisual_render()`
|
|
// will render the first frame, as if the ncvisual had been closed and reopened.
|
|
// the return values remain the same as those of ncvisual_decode().
|
|
int ncvisual_decode_loop(struct ncvisual* nc);
|
|
|
|
// we never blit full blocks, but instead spaces (more efficient) with the
|
|
// background set to the desired foreground.
|
|
typedef enum {
|
|
NCBLIT_DEFAULT, // let the ncvisual pick
|
|
NCBLIT_1x1, // space, compatible with ASCII
|
|
NCBLIT_2x1, // halves + 1x1 (space) ▄▀
|
|
NCBLIT_2x2, // quadrants + 2x1 ▗▐ ▖▀▟▌▙
|
|
NCBLIT_3x2, // sextants (*NOT* 2x2) 🬀🬁🬂🬃🬄🬅🬆🬇🬈🬉🬊🬋🬌🬍🬎🬏🬐🬑🬒🬓🬔🬕🬖🬗🬘🬙🬚🬛🬜🬝🬞🬟🬠🬡🬢🬣🬤🬥🬦🬧🬨🬩🬪🬫🬬🬭🬮🬯🬰🬱🬲🬳🬴🬵🬶🬷🬸🬹🬺🬻
|
|
NCBLIT_4x1, // four vertical levels █▆▄▂
|
|
NCBLIT_BRAILLE, // 4 rows, 2 cols (braille) ⡀⡄⡆⡇⢀⣀⣄⣆⣇⢠⣠⣤⣦⣧⢰⣰⣴⣶⣷⢸⣸⣼⣾⣿
|
|
NCBLIT_8x1, // eight vertical levels █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁
|
|
NCBLIT_SIXEL, // not yet implemented
|
|
} ncblitter_e;
|
|
|
|
// Lex a blitter.
|
|
int notcurses_lex_blitter(const char* op, ncblitter_e* blitter);
|
|
|
|
// Get the name of a blitter.
|
|
const char* notcurses_str_blitter(ncblitter_e blitter);
|
|
|
|
struct ncvisual_options {
|
|
// if no ncplane is provided, one will be created using the exact size
|
|
// necessary to render the source with perfect fidelity (this might be
|
|
// smaller or larger than the rendering area). if provided, style is
|
|
// taken into account, relative to the provided ncplane.
|
|
struct ncplane* n;
|
|
// the style is ignored if no ncplane is provided (it ought be NCSCALE_NONE
|
|
// in this case). otherwise, the source is stretched/scaled relative to the
|
|
// provided ncplane.
|
|
ncscale_e scaling;
|
|
// if an ncplane is provided, y and x specify where the visual will be
|
|
// rendered on that plane. otherwise, they specify where the created ncplane
|
|
// will be placed.
|
|
int y, x;
|
|
// the section of the visual that ought be rendered. for the entire visual,
|
|
// pass an origin of 0, 0 and a size of 0, 0 (or the true height and width).
|
|
// these numbers are all in terms of ncvisual pixels.
|
|
int begy, begx; // origin of rendered section
|
|
int leny, lenx; // size of rendered section
|
|
ncblitter_e blitter; // glyph set to use (maps input to output cells)
|
|
uint64_t flags; // currently all zero
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
typedef enum {
|
|
NCSCALE_NONE,
|
|
NCSCALE_SCALE,
|
|
NCSCALE_STRETCH,
|
|
} ncscale_e;
|
|
|
|
// Lex a visual scaling mode (one of "none", "stretch", or "scale").
|
|
int notcurses_lex_scalemode(const char* op, ncscale_e* scalemode);
|
|
|
|
// Get the name of a scaling mode.
|
|
const char* notcurses_str_scalemode(ncscale_e scalemode);
|
|
|
|
// the streaming operation ceases immediately, and that value is propagated out.
|
|
// The recommended absolute display time target is passed in 'tspec'.
|
|
typedef int (*streamcb)(struct ncplane*, struct ncvisual*,
|
|
const struct timespec*, void*);
|
|
|
|
// Shut up and display my frames! Provide as an argument to ncvisual_stream().
|
|
// If you'd like subtitles to be decoded, provide an ncplane as the curry. If the
|
|
// curry is NULL, subtitles will not be displayed.
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncvisual_simple_streamer(struct ncplane* n, struct ncvisual* ncv,
|
|
const struct timespec* tspec, void* curry){
|
|
if(notcurses_render(ncplane_notcurses(n))){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
int ret = 0;
|
|
if(curry){
|
|
// need a cast for C++ callers
|
|
struct ncplane* subncp = (struct ncplane*)curry;
|
|
char* subtitle = ncvisual_subtitle(ncv);
|
|
if(subtitle){
|
|
if(ncplane_putstr_yx(subncp, 0, 0, subtitle) < 0){
|
|
ret = -1;
|
|
}
|
|
free(subtitle);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, TIMER_ABSTIME, tspec, NULL);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Stream the entirety of the media, according to its own timing. Blocking,
|
|
// obviously. streamer may be NULL; it is otherwise called for each frame, and
|
|
// its return value handled as outlined for stream cb. If streamer() returns
|
|
// non-zero, the stream is aborted, and that value is returned. By convention,
|
|
// return a positive number to indicate intentional abort from within
|
|
// streamer(). 'timescale' allows the frame duration time to be scaled. For a
|
|
// visual naturally running at 30FPS, a 'timescale' of 0.1 will result in
|
|
// 300FPS, and a 'timescale' of 10 will result in 3FPS. It is an error to
|
|
// supply 'timescale' less than or equal to 0.
|
|
int ncvisual_stream(struct notcurses* nc, struct ncvisual* ncv, float timescale,
|
|
streamcb streamer, const struct ncvisual_options* vopts,
|
|
void* curry);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### QR codes
|
|
|
|
If build with libqrcodegen support, `ncplane_qrcode()` can be used to draw
|
|
a QR code for arbitrary data.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Draw a QR code at the current position on the plane. If there is insufficient
|
|
// room to draw the code here, or there is any other error, non-zero will be
|
|
// returned. Otherwise, the QR code "version" (size) is returned. The QR code
|
|
// is (version * 4 + 17) columns wide, and ⌈version * 4 + 17⌉ rows tall (the
|
|
// properly-scaled values are written back to '*ymax' and '*xmax').
|
|
int ncplane_qrcode(struct ncplane* n, ncblitter_e blitter, int* ymax,
|
|
int* xmax, const void* data, size_t len);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Multimedia
|
|
|
|
When compiled against a suitable engine (FFmpeg and OpenImageIO are both
|
|
currently supported), Notcurses can populate a visual with pixels decoded
|
|
from an image or video using `ncvisual_from_file()`. Once opened,
|
|
`ncvisual_decode()` should be used to extract each frame (an image will
|
|
have only one frame), until it returns `NCERR_EOF`:
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// Open a visual at 'file', extracting a codec and parameters.
|
|
struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_file(const char* file);
|
|
|
|
|
|
// extract the next frame from an ncvisual. returns NCERR_EOF on end of file,
|
|
// and NCERR_SUCCESS on success, otherwise some other NCERR.
|
|
int ncvisual_decode(struct ncvisual* nc);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Pixels
|
|
|
|
It is sometimes desirable to modify the pixels of an `ncvisual` directly.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncpixel_set_r(uint32_t* pixel, int r){
|
|
if(r > 255 || r < 0){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
*pixel = (*pixel & 0xffffff00ul) | (r);
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncpixel_set_g(uint32_t* pixel, int g){
|
|
if(g > 255 || g < 0){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
*pixel = (*pixel & 0xff00fffful) | (g << 16u);
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncpixel_set_b(uint32_t* pixel, int b){
|
|
if(b > 255 || b < 0){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
*pixel = (*pixel & 0xffff00fful) | (b << 8u);
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// set the RGB values of an RGB pixel
|
|
static inline int
|
|
ncpixel_set_rgb8(uint32_t* pixel, int r, int g, int b){
|
|
if(pixel_set_r(pixel, r) || pixel_set_g(pixel, g) || pixel_set_b(pixel, b)){
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Stats
|
|
|
|
Notcurses supplies a number of stats related to performance and state.
|
|
Cumulative stats can be reset at any time.
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
typedef struct ncstats {
|
|
// purely increasing stats
|
|
uint64_t renders; // number of successful notcurses_render() runs
|
|
uint64_t failed_renders; // number of aborted renders, should be 0
|
|
uint64_t render_bytes; // bytes emitted to ttyfp
|
|
int64_t render_max_bytes; // max bytes emitted for a frame
|
|
int64_t render_min_bytes; // min bytes emitted for a frame
|
|
uint64_t render_ns; // nanoseconds spent in render+raster
|
|
int64_t render_max_ns; // max ns spent in render+raster for a frame
|
|
int64_t render_min_ns; // min ns spent in render+raster for a frame
|
|
uint64_t writeout_ns; // nanoseconds spent writing frames to terminal
|
|
int64_t writeout_max_ns; // max ns spent writing out a frame
|
|
int64_t writeout_min_ns; // min ns spent writing out a frame
|
|
uint64_t cellelisions; // cells we elided entirely thanks to damage maps
|
|
uint64_t cellemissions; // total number of cells emitted to terminal
|
|
uint64_t fgelisions; // RGB fg elision count
|
|
uint64_t fgemissions; // RGB fg emissions
|
|
uint64_t bgelisions; // RGB bg elision count
|
|
uint64_t bgemissions; // RGB bg emissions
|
|
uint64_t defaultelisions; // default color was emitted
|
|
uint64_t defaultemissions; // default color was elided
|
|
|
|
// current state -- these can decrease
|
|
uint64_t fbbytes; // total bytes devoted to all active framebuffers
|
|
unsigned planes; // number of planes currently in existence
|
|
} ncstats;
|
|
|
|
// Allocate an ncstats object. Use this rather than allocating your own, since
|
|
// future versions of Notcurses might enlarge this structure.
|
|
ncstats* notcurses_stats_alloc(const struct notcurses* nc);
|
|
|
|
// Acquire an atomic snapshot of the Notcurses object's stats.
|
|
void notcurses_stats(const struct notcurses* nc, ncstats* stats);
|
|
|
|
// Reset all cumulative stats (immediate ones, such as fbbytes, are not reset).
|
|
void notcurses_stats_reset(struct notcurses* nc, ncstats* stats);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
## C++
|
|
|
|
Marek Habersack has contributed (and maintains) C++ wrappers installed to
|
|
`include/ncpp/`, `libnotcurses++.so`, and `libnotcurses++.a`.
|
|
|
|
In their default mode, these wrappers throw exceptions only from the type
|
|
constructors (RAII). If `NCPP_EXCEPTIONS_PLEASE` is defined prior to including
|
|
any NCPP headers, they will throw exceptions.
|