NAME

notcurses_init - initialize a notcurses instance

SYNOPSIS

#include <notcurses/notcurses.h>

#define NCOPTION_INHIBIT_SETLOCALE 0x0001

typedef struct notcurses_options {
  const char* termtype;
  bool inhibit_alternate_screen;
  bool retain_cursor;
  bool suppress_banner;
  bool no_quit_sighandlers;
  bool no_winch_sighandler;
  FILE* renderfp;
  int margin_t, margin_r, margin_b, margin_l;
  unsigned flags; // from NCOPTION_* bits
} notcurses_options;

int notcurses_lex_margins(const char op, notcurses_options opts);**

struct notcurses notcurses_init(const notcurses_options opts, FILE* fp);**

DESCRIPTION

notcurses_init prepares the terminal for cursor-addressable (multiline) mode. The FILE provided as fp must be writable and attached to a terminal, or NULL. If it is NULL, /dev/tty will be opened. The struct notcurses_option passed as opts controls behavior. Only one instance should be associated with a given terminal at a time, though it is no problem to have multiple instances in a given process.

On success, a pointer to a valid struct notcurses is returned. NULL is returned on failure. Before the process exits, notcurses_stop(3) should be called to reset the terminal and free up resources.

An appropriate terminfo(5) entry must exist for the terminal. This entry is usually selected using the value of the TERM environment variable (see getenv(3)), but a non-NULL value for termtype will override this. An invalid terminfo specification can lead to reduced performance, reduced display capabilities, and/or display errors. notcurses natively targets 24bpp/8bpc RGB color, and it is thus desirable to use a terminal with the rgb capability (e.g. xterm's xterm-direct).

If the terminal advertises support for an "alternate screen" via the smcup terminfo capability, notcurses will employ it by default. This can be prevented by setting inhibit_alternate_screen to true. Users tend to have strong opinions regarding the alternate screen, so it's often useful to expose this via a command-line option.

notcurses furthermore hides the cursor by default, but retain_cursor can prevent this (the cursor can be dynamically enabled or disabled during execution via notcurses_cursor_enable(3) and notcurses_cursor_disable(3)).

notcurses_init typically emits some diagnostics at startup, including version information and some details of the configured terminal. This can be inhibited with suppress_banner. This will also inhibit the performance summary normally printed by notcurses_stop(3).

Notcurses can render to a subregion of the terminal by specifying desired margins on all four sides. By default, all margins are zero, and thus rendering will be performed on the entirety of the viewing area. This is orthogonal to use of the alternate screen; using the alternate screen plus margins will see the full screen cleared, followed by rendering to a subregion. Inhibiting the alternate screen plus margins will see rendering to a subregion, with the screen outside this region not cleared. This is the only means by which existing output can be undisturbed by notcurses. Margins are best-effort. Supplying any negative margin is an error. notcurses_lex_margins provides lexing a margin argument expression in one of two forms:

a single number, which will be applied to all sides, or
four comma-delimited numbers, applied to top, right, bottom, and left.

To allow future options without requiring redefinition of the structure, the flags field is only a partially-defined bitfield. Undefined bits must be zero. The following flags are defined:

NCOPTION_INHIBIT_SETLOCALE: Unless this flag is set, notcurses_init will call setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL). If the result is either "C" or "POSIX", it will print a diagnostic to stder, and then call setlocale(LC_ALL, ""). This will attempt to set the locale based off the LANG environment variable. Your program should call setlocale(3) itself, usually as one of the first lines.

Fatal signals

It is important to reset the terminal before exiting, whether terminating due to intended operation or a received signal. This is usually accomplished by explicitly calling notcurses_stop(3) during shutdown. For convenience, notcurses by default installs signal handlers for various signals typically resulting in process termination (see signal(7)). These signal handlers call notcurses_stop(3) for each struct notcurses in the process, and then propagate the signal to any previously-configured handler. These handlers are disabled upon entry to notcurses_stop(3).

To prevent signal handler registration, set no_quit_sighandlers to true. No means is provided to selectively register fatal signal handlers. If this is done, the caller ought be sure to effect similar functionality themselves.

Resize events

SIGWINCH (SIGnal WINdow CHange) is delivered to the process when the terminal is resized. The default action is to ignore it (SIG_IGN). notcurses installs a handler for this signal. The handler causes notcurses to update its idea of the terminal's size using TIOCGWINSZ (see ioctl_tty(2)), and generates an NCKEY_RESIZE input event (see notcurses_input(3). This signal handler can be inhibited by setting no_winch_sighandler to true. If this is done, the caller should probably watch for the signal, and invoke notcurses_refresh(3) or notcurses_render(3) upon its receipt.

A resize event does not invalidate any references returned earlier by notcurses. The content of any new screen area is undefined until the next call to notcurses_render(3). This is true even if an existing struct ncplane (see notcurses_plane(3)) overlaps the new area, since the signal could arrive while the ncplanes are being modified. Signal handlers are quite restricted as to what actions they can perform, so minimal work is performed in the handler proper.

Thus, in the absence of no_winch_sighandler, SIGWINCH results in:

interruption of some thread to process the signal
a TIOCGWINSZ ioctl to retrieve the new screen size
queuing of a NCKEY_RESIZE input event (if there is space in the queue)

Upon the next call to notcurses_render(3) or notcurses_refresh(3), the standard plane (see notcurses_stdplane(3)) will be resized to the new screen size. The next notcurses_render(3) call will function as expected across the new screen geometry.

RETURN VALUES

NULL is returned on failure. Otherwise, the return value points at a valid struct notcurses, which can be used until it is provided to notcurses_stop(3).

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