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201 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
201 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
# What are Haskell, GHC, and Cabal?
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Haskell is a programming language as laid out in the reports, most recent one
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being in 2010. The report is available as the
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[onlinereport](http://www.haskell.org/onlinereport/haskell2010/).
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## GHC
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[GHC](http://www.haskell.org/ghc/) is the most popular way to work in the
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Haskell language. It includes a compiler, REPL (interpreter), package
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management, and other things besides.
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## Cabal
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[Cabal](https://www.haskell.org/cabal/download.html) does project management and
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dependency resolution. It's how you'll install projects, typically into their
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own sandbox.
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Cabal is equivalent to Ruby's Bundler, Python's pip, Node's NPM, Maven, etc. GHC
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manages packaging itself, Cabal chooses what versions to install.
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# Installing GHC & Cabal
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## Ubuntu
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[This PPA](http://launchpad.net/~hvr/+archive/ghc) is excellent and is what I
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use on all my Linux dev and build machines.
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Specifically:
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```bash
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install python-software-properties # v12.04 and below
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$ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common # v12.10 and above
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$ sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:hvr/ghc
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install cabal-install-1.22 ghc-7.8.4 happy-1.19.5 alex-3.1.4
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```
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Then add the following to your `$PATH` (bash\_profile, zshrc, bashrc, etc):
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```
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~/.cabal/bin:/opt/cabal/1.22/bin:/opt/ghc/7.8.4/bin:/opt/happy/1.19.5/bin:/opt/alex/3.1.4/bin
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```
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*Optional:* You could also add `.cabal-sandbox/bin` to your path. Code that you
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are actively developing will be available to you from the command line. This
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only works when your current working directory is a cabal sandbox.
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## Debian
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### Using Ubuntu PPA
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If you're not using stable, you can follow the same steps as Ubuntu, but will
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have to execute an additional command. Immediately after
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`sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:hvr/ghc` is executed run:
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```bash
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$ sudo sed -i s/jessie/trusty/g /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hvr-ghc-jessie.list
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```
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For other Debian versions, just replace all occurences of `jessie` with your
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version name in the command above.
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If, for some reason, the file `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/hvr-ghc-jessie.list` does
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not exist, then `/etc/apt/sources.list` should contain a line like this:
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deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/hvr/ghc/ubuntu jessie main
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Replace `jessie` with `trusty` in this line.
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### Manual compilation
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You can follow
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[this](http://www.davesquared.net/2014/05/platformless-haskell.html) guide
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written for Mac OS X:
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Notes:
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- Set your prefix accordingly when configuring ghc.
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- Instead of grabbing the `cabal-install` binary, grab the source and then run
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`bootstrap.sh` script.
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## Fedora 21
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To install Haskell 7.8.4 from the unofficial repo (Fedora 22+ will include it in
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the official one):
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```bash
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$ sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo \
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> https://copr.fedoraproject.org/coprs/petersen/ghc-7.8.4/repo/fedora-21/petersen-ghc-7.8.4-fedora-21.repo
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$ sudo yum install ghc cabal-install
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```
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As stated in
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[petersen/ghc-7.8.4 copr page](https://copr.fedoraproject.org/coprs/petersen/ghc-7.8.4/)
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this ghc cannot be installed in parallel with Fedora/EPEL ghc.
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## Arch Linux
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To install Haskell from the official repos on Arch Linux, run
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```bash
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$ sudo pacman -S cabal-install ghc happy alex haddock
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```
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## Gentoo
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On Gentoo, you can install the individual components of the Haskell Platform
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through Portage. If you use `ACCEPT_KEYWORDS=arch` (as opposed to
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`ACCEPT_KEYWORDS=~arch`), Portage will install ancient versions of the various
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Haskell things. With that in mind, iff you use `ACCEPT_KEYWORDS=arch`, add the
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following to `/etc/portage/package.keywords`.
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dev-haskell/cabal-install
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dev-lang/ghc
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Once that is done,
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```bash
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$ emerge -jav dev-lang/ghc dev-haskell/cabal-install
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```
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Gentoo keeps a "stable" (read: old) version of `cabal-install` in the Portage
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tree, so you'll want to use `cabal-install` to install the more recent
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version. Note that the backslashes are intentional.
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```bash
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$ \cabal update # The backslashes
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$ \cabal install cabal-install # are intentional
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```
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You have now installed cabal on a global scale with portage, and locally in your
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home directory with `cabal-install`. The next step is to make sure that when you
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run `cabal` in a terminal, your shell will run the up-to-date version in your
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home directory. You will want to add the following lines to your shell's
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configuration file:
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```bash
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PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.cabal/bin
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alias cabal="$HOME/.cabal/bin/cabal"
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```
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If you don't know what your shell is, more than likely, your shell is Bash. If
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you use Bash, the file you will edit is `~/.bashrc`. If you use Z-shell, the
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file is `~/.zshrc`. You can run the following command to find out what your
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shell is.
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```bash
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echo $SHELL | xargs basename
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```
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I use zsh, so that command outputs `zsh` when I run it.
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Once you do all of that, you'll want to install the additional tools `alex` and `happy`.
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```bash
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$ cabal install alex happy
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```
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Congratulations! You now have a working Haskell installation!
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## Mac OS X
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### 10.9
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Install the [GHC for Mac OS X](http://ghcformacosx.github.io/) app, which
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includes GHC and Cabal. It provides instructions on how to add GHC and Cabal to
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your path after you've dropped the `.app` somewhere.
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### 10.6-10.8
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Do the binary distribution install described below with [this tarball](https://www.haskell.org/platform/download/2014.2.0.0/ghc-7.8.3-x86_64-apple-darwin-r3.tar.bz2).
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## Windows
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- The [windows minimal GHC installer](http://neilmitchell.blogspot.com/2014/12/beta-testing-windows-minimal-ghc.html)
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is able to compile `network` et al. Technically in beta but should work for
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the purposes of anybody reading this guide.
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Don't forget to run the installer as administrator as it will want to install in
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your Program Files.
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## Other Linux users
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Download the latest binary distributions for cabal and ghc:
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- [GHC](http://www.haskell.org/ghc/).
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- [Cabal](https://www.haskell.org/cabal/download.html).
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## Users of other Unix-like Systems
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Install GHC and Cabal from your package system, then add `~/.cabal/bin` to your `$PATH`. Finally update `cabal` and install the additional tools `alex` and `happy`.
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```bash
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$ cabal update
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$ cabal install cabal-install alex happy
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```
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