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<div id="app" data-server-rendered="true"><div class="theme-container"><header class="navbar"><div class="inner"><div class="sidebar-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M436 124H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12V80c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12z"></path></svg></div> <a href="/learn-wgpu/" class="home-link router-link-active"><!----> <span class="site-name">Learn Wgpu</span></a> <div class="links"><!----> <div class="search-box"><input aria-label="Search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" value=""> <!----></div></div></div></header> <div class="sidebar-mask"></div> <div class="docs-layout"><aside class="sidebar"><!----> <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/" class="sidebar-link">Introduction</a></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>Beginner</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/beginner/tutorial1-window/" class="active sidebar-link">Dependencies and the window</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/learn-wgpu/beginner/tutorial1-window/#boring-i-know" class="sidebar-link">Boring, I know</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/learn-wgpu/beginner/tutorial1-window/#what-crates-are-we-using" class="sidebar-link">What crates are we using?</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/learn-wgpu/beginner/tutorial1-window/#the-code" class="sidebar-link">The code</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/beginner/tutorial2-swapchain/" class="sidebar-link">The Swapchain</a></li><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/beginner/tutorial3-pipeline/" class="sidebar-link">The Pipeline</a></li><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/beginner/tutorial4-buffer/" class="sidebar-link">Buffers and Indices</a></li><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/beginner/tutorial5-textures/" class="sidebar-link">Textures and bind groups</a></li><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/beginner/tutorial6-uniforms/" class="sidebar-link">Uniform buffers and a 3d camera</a></li><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/beginner/tutorial7-instancing/" class="sidebar-link">Instancing</a></li><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/beginner/tutorial8-depth/" class="sidebar-link">The Depth Buffer</a></li><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/beginner/tutorial9-models/" class="sidebar-link">Model Loading</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Intermediate</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/" class="sidebar-link">Working with Lights</a></li><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/intermediate/tutorial11-normals/" class="sidebar-link">Normal Mapping</a></li><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/intermediate/tutorial12-camera/" class="sidebar-link">A Better Camera</a></li><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/intermediate/tutorial13-threading/" class="sidebar-link">Multi-threading with Wgpu and Rayon</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Showcase</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><a href="/learn-wgpu/news/" class="sidebar-link">News</a></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="dependencies-and-the-window"><a href="#dependencies-and-the-window" class="header-anchor">#</a> Dependencies and the window</h1> <h2 id="boring-i-know"><a href="#boring-i-know" class="header-anchor">#</a> Boring, I know</h2> <p>Some of you reading this are very experienced with opening up windows in Rust and probably have your favorite windowing library, but this guide is designed for everybody, so it's something that we need to cover. Luckily, you don't need to read this if you know what you're doing. One thing that you do need to know is that whatever windowing solution you use needs to support the <a href="https://github.com/rust-windowing/raw-window-handle" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">raw-window-handle<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a> crate.</p> <h2 id="what-crates-are-we-using"><a href="#what-crates-are-we-using" class="header-anchor">#</a> What crates are we using?</h2> <p>For the beginner stuff, we're going to keep things very simple, we'll add things as we go, but I've listed the relevant <code>Cargo.toml</code> bits below.</p> <div class="language-toml extra-class"><pre class="language-toml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">image</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.23&quot;</span>
<span class="token key property">winit</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.22&quot;</span>
<span class="token key property">shaderc</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.7&quot;</span>
<span class="token key property">cgmath</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.17&quot;</span>
<span class="token key property">env_logger</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.7&quot;</span>
<span class="token key property">log</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.4&quot;</span>
<span class="token key property">wgpu</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.7&quot;</span>
<span class="token key property">futures</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.3&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="vulkan-portability-layer"><a href="#vulkan-portability-layer" class="header-anchor">#</a> Vulkan Portability Layer</h3> <p>You may also want to make the Vulkan backend available on platforms where it is by default not, e.g. Mac OS. The reason
you might want to enable the Vulkan backend is if you are doing cross-platform development and you need the
Vulkan validation layers output.</p> <p>To enable the Vulkan backend, add this new section to <code>Cargo.toml</code>, and do not forget to remove <code>wgpu</code> from the earlier
<code>[dependencies]</code> section.</p> <div class="language-toml extra-class"><pre class="language-toml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dependencies.wgpu</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.7&quot;</span>
<span class="token key property">features</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;vulkan-portability&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</code></pre></div><ul><li>This may not be necessary because normally <code>wgpu-rs</code> validation will catch problems. In fact that is one of it's design goals.</li> <li>This is not intended for shipping code.</li> <li>See also <a href="https://github.com/gfx-rs/portability" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">gfx-portability<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="the-code"><a href="#the-code" class="header-anchor">#</a> The code</h2> <p>There's not much going on here yet, so I'm just going to post the code in full. Just paste this into you're <code>main.rs</code> or equivalent.</p> <div class="language-rust extra-class"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">winit<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">event<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">event_loop<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">ControlFlow</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">EventLoop</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">window<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">WindowBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">env_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> event_loop <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">EventLoop</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> window <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WindowBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">build</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>event_loop<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
event_loop<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">move</span> <span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>event<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">,</span> control_flow<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> event <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Event</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">WindowEvent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">ref</span> event<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
window_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> window_id <span class="token operator">==</span> window<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> event <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">WindowEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">CloseRequested</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>control_flow <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ControlFlow</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Exit</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">WindowEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">KeyboardInput</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> input<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> input <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">KeyboardInput</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
state<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">ElementState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Pressed</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
virtual_keycode<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">VirtualKeyCode</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Escape</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>control_flow <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ControlFlow</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Exit</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>All this does is create a window, and keep it open until until user closes it, or presses escape. Next tutorial we'll actually start using wgpu!</p> <div class="auto-github-link"><a href="https://github.com/sotrh/learn-wgpu/tree/master/code/beginner/tutorial1-window/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Check out the code!</a> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></div></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">Last Updated: </span> <span class="time">2/19/2021, 3:56:47 AM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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