git-secret/CONTRIBUTING.md

# Contributing

Your contributions are always welcome!

## Process

### Environment

For development with `git-secret` you should have these tools:

- git
- bash
- bundler
- gawk
- gnupg (or gnupg2), see below if not packaged by your distribution/OS (i.e. MacOS)
- ruby
- sha256sum  (on freebsd and MacOS `shasum` is used instead)
- [shellcheck](https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck)

To test `git-secret` using test-kitchen, you will also need:

- docker
- test-kitchen
- aspell, to check your changes for spelling errors

These are only required if dealing with manuals, `gh-pages` or releases:

- ruby, ruby-dev

### Environment MacOS

- install Homebrew
- install gnupg2 with `brew install gnupg2`

#### For docker/test-kitchen
- install Docker for Mac
- install Chef Developer Kit (?)
- install ruby2.4 and kitchen dependencies with 

  brew install rbenv ruby-build rbenv-vars; 
  rbenv install 2.4.4; rbenv rehash; rbenv global 2.4.4;
  gem install bundler kitchen-ansible serverspec kitchen-docker kitchen-verifier-serverspec;

### Getting started

1. Create your own or pick an opened issue from the [tracker][tracker]. Take a look at the [`help-wanted` tag][help-wanted]

2. Fork and clone your repository: `git clone https://github.com/${YOUR_NAME}/git-secret.git`

3. Make sure that everything works on the current platform by running `make test`.
   You can also try the experimental `SECRETS_TEST_VERBOSE=1 make test`.
   Note that 'experimental' features may change or be removed in a future version of `git-secret`.

4. [Run local CI tests](#running-local-ci-tests) to verify functionality on supported platforms `bundle exec kitchen verify --test-base-path="$PWD/.ci/integration"`.

### Code style

New features and changes should aim to be as clear, concise, simple, and consistent

1. clear: make it as obvious as possible what the code is doing
 
2. concise: your PR should be as few characters (not just lines) of changes as _reasonable_. 
   However, generally choose clarity over being concise.  
   Clarity and conciseness can be in conflict with each other. But
   it's more important for the code to be understandable than for it to be small.
   Therefore favor writing clear code over making shorter diffs in your PRs.
 
3. simple: this dovetails with the previous two items. 
   git-secret is a security product, so it's best to have the code be easy to understand.
   This also aids future development and helps minimize bugs.

4. consistent: Write code that is consistent with the surrounding code and the rest of the git-secret code base.
   Every code base has its own conventions and style that develop and accrete over time.

   Consistency also means that the inputs and outputs of git-secret should be as consistent as reasonable
   with related unix and git tools, and follow the 'rule of least surprise', 
   also known as the 'principle of least astonishment': <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_least_astonishment>

We wrote this to clarify our thinking about how git-secret should be written.  Of course, these are philosophical goals, 
not necessities for releasing code, so balancing these four ideals _perfectly_ is both unwarranted and impossible.

### Writing PRs

If you're planning a large change to `git-secret` (for example, a lot of lines/characters of diffs, affecting multiple commands, 
changing/adding a lot of behavior, or adding multiple command-line options), it's best to discuss the changes in an Issue first. 
Also it's often best to implement larger or complex changes as a series of planned-out, smaller PRs, 
each making a small set of specific changes. This facilitates discussions of implementation, which often come to light
only after seeing the actual code used to perform a task.

As mentioned above, we seek to be consistent with surrounding git and unix tools, so when writing changes to git-secret,
think about the input, output, and command-line options that similar unix commands use.

Our favor toward traditional unix and git command-style inputs and outputs can also mean it's appropriate to 
lean heavily on git and widely-used unix command features instead of re-implementing them in code.

### Development Process

1. Firstly, you should need to setup development git hooks with `make install-hooks`
This will copy the git-secret development hooks from utils/hooks into .git/hooks/pre-commit and .git/hooks/post-commit

2. Make changes to the git secret files that need to be changed

3. When making changes to any files inside `src/`, for changes to take effect you will need to rebuild the `git-secret` script with `make clean && make build`

4. Run [`shellcheck`][shellcheck] against all your changes with `make lint`. 
   You should also check your changes for spelling errors using 'aspell -c filename'.
   
5. Add an entry to CHANGELOG.md, referring to the related issue # if appropriate

6. Change the .ronn file(s) in man/man1 and man/man7 to document your changes if appropriate

7. Now, add all your files to the commit with `git add --all` and commit changes with `git commit`. 
   Write a good commit message which explains your work

8. When running `git commit` the tests will run automatically, your commit will be canceled if they fail.
   You can run the tests manually with `make clean build test`.
   
9. Push to your repository, and make a pull-request against `master` branch. It's ideal to have one commit per pull-request; 
otherwise PRs will probably be `squashed` into one commit when merged.

### Branches

We have two long-live branches: `master` for the git-secret code and man pages, and `gh-pages` for the static web site.

Development looks like this:

> `your-branch` -> `master`

- `master` branch is protected, so only fully tested code goes there. It is also used to create a new `git` tag and a `github` release

The `gh-pages` branch is used for the pages at `git-secret.io`. See 'Release Process' below.

### Continuous integration

Local CI is done with the help [`test-kitchen`](http://kitchen.ci/). `test-kitchen` handles multiple test-suites on various platforms.
`bundle exec kitchen list` will output the list of test suites to be run against supported platforms.

Cloud CI is done with the help of `travis`. `travis` handles multiple environments:

- `Docker`-based jobs or so-called 'integration tests', these tests create a local release, install it with the package manager and then run unit-tests and system checks
- `OSX` jobs, which handle basic unit-tests on `MacOS` (Travis still calls MacOS 'OSX')
- Native `travis` jobs, which handle basic unit-tests and style checks

### Running local ci-tests

1. Install required gems with `bundle install`.
2. Run ci-tests with `bundle exec kitchen verify --test-base-path="$PWD/.ci/integration"`

### Writing tests

`git-secret` uses [bats-core](https://github.com/bats-core/bats-core) for testing.
See the files in tests/ and the `bats-core` documentation for details.

Because the output of many commands can be affected by the SECRETS_VERBOSE environment
variable (which enables verbosity), it's best not to expect a particular number of lines of 
output from commands.

### Release process

The release process is defined in the `git`-hooks and `.travis.yml`.

When creating a commit inside the `master` branch (it is usually a documentation and changelog update with the version bump inside `src/version.sh`) the hooks will trigger three events.

- the test suite will be run locally

- new manuals will be created and added to the current commit with `make build-man` on `pre-commit` hook.

- after the commit is successfully created it will also trigger `make build-gh-pages` target on `post-commit` hook, which will push new manuals to the [git-secret site][git-secret-site]. And the new `git` tag will be automatically created if the version is changed:

```bash
if [[ "$NEWEST_TAG" != "v${SCRIPT_VERSION}" ]]; then
  git tag -a "v${SCRIPT_VERSION}" -m "version $SCRIPT_VERSION"
fi
```

#### About GnuPG

Here are some links to gnupg documentation that might be useful for those working with git-secret:

- [GnuPG PDF Documentation](https://www.gnupg.org/documentation/manuals/gnupg.pdf)
- [GnuPG doc/DETAILS File](https://git.gnupg.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=gnupg.git;a=blob;f=doc/DETAILS)

#### Travis releases

After you commit a tag that matches the pattern '^v.*$' and the tests succeed, Travis will publish new `deb` and `rpm` packages to [`bintray`][bintray].

If you wish to override a previous release (*be careful*) you will need to add `"override": 1` into `matrixParams`, see `deb-deploy.sh` and `rpm-deploy.sh`

#### Manual releases

Releases to `brew` are made manually.

#### Dockerhub releases

[`Dockerhub`][Dockerhub] contains `Docker` images with different OSes used for testing. It is updated via a `github` webhook on commit into `master`.

[tracker]: https://github.com/sobolevn/git-secret/issues
[help-wanted]: https://github.com/sobolevn/git-secret/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3A%22help+wanted%22
[shellcheck]: https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck
[git-secret-site]: http://git-secret.io
[bintray]: https://bintray.com/sobolevn
[Dockerhub]: https://hub.docker.com/r/sobolevn/git-secret/

### Downstream Packages

There are several distributions and packaging systems that may already have git-secret packaged for your distribution (although sometimes their versions are not the most current, and we recommend all users upgrade to 0.2.5 or above). 

### Notes to Downstream Packagers (Those who make packages for specific OSes/distributions)

First of all, thank you for packaging git-secret for your platform! We appreciate it.

We also would like to welcome you to collaborate or discuss any issues, ideas or thoughts you have about 
git-secret by submitting issue report (which can also be feature requests) or pull requests via the git repo at 
[git-secret on github](https://github.com/sobolevn/git-secret) 

Please let us know if there are any changes you'd like to see to the source, 
packaging, testing, documentation, or other aspect of git-secret. 
We look forward to hearing from you.

## Financial contributions

We also welcome financial contributions in full transparency on our [open collective](https://opencollective.com/git-secret).
Anyone can file an expense. If the expense makes sense for the development of the community, it will be "merged" in the ledger of our open collective by the core contributors and the person who filed the expense will be reimbursed.


## Credits


### Contributors

Thank you to all the people who have already contributed 
to git-secret via commits to our git repository!
<a href="http://github.com/sobolevn/git-secret/graphs/contributors"><img src="https://opencollective.com/git-secret/contributors.svg?width=890" /></a>


### Backers

Thank you to all our backers! [[Become a backer](https://opencollective.com/git-secret#backer)]

<a href="https://opencollective.com/git-secret#backers" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/git-secret/backers.svg?width=890"></a>


### Sponsors

Thank you to all our sponsors! (please ask your company to also support this open source project by [becoming a sponsor](https://opencollective.com/git-secret#sponsor))

<a href="https://opencollective.com/git-secret/sponsor/0/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/git-secret/sponsor/0/avatar.svg"></a>
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