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269 lines
9.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _searxng uwsgi:
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=====
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uWSGI
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=====
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.. sidebar:: further reading
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- `systemd.unit`_
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- `uWSGI Emperor`_
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.. contents:: Contents
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:depth: 2
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:local:
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:backlinks: entry
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.. _systemd.unit: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.unit.html
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.. _One service per app in systemd:
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https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Systemd.html#one-service-per-app-in-systemd
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.. _uWSGI Emperor:
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https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Emperor.html
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.. _uwsgi ini file:
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https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Configuration.html#ini-files
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.. _systemd unit template:
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http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/instances.html
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Origin uWSGI
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============
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.. _Tyrant mode:
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https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Emperor.html#tyrant-mode-secure-multi-user-hosting
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How uWSGI is implemented by distributors varies. The uWSGI project itself
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recommends two methods:
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1. `systemd.unit`_ template file as described here `One service per app in systemd`_:
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There is one `systemd unit template`_ on the system installed and one `uwsgi
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ini file`_ per uWSGI-app placed at dedicated locations. Take archlinux and a
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``searxng.ini`` as example::
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systemd template unit: /usr/lib/systemd/system/uwsgi@.service
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contains: [Service]
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ExecStart=/usr/bin/uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi/%I.ini
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SearXNG application: /etc/uwsgi/searxng.ini
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links to: /etc/uwsgi/apps-available/searxng.ini
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The SearXNG app (template ``/etc/uwsgi/%I.ini``) can be maintained as known
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from common systemd units:
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.. code:: sh
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$ systemctl enable uwsgi@searxng
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$ systemctl start uwsgi@searxng
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$ systemctl restart uwsgi@searxng
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$ systemctl stop uwsgi@searxng
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2. The `uWSGI Emperor`_ which fits for maintaining a large range of uwsgi
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apps and there is a `Tyrant mode`_ to secure multi-user hosting.
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The Emperor mode is a special uWSGI instance that will monitor specific
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events. The Emperor mode (the service) is started by a (common, not template)
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systemd unit.
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The Emperor service will scan specific directories for `uwsgi ini file`_\s
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(also know as *vassals*). If a *vassal* is added, removed or the timestamp is
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modified, a corresponding action takes place: a new uWSGI instance is started,
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reload or stopped. Take Fedora and a ``searxng.ini`` as example::
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to install & start SearXNG instance create --> /etc/uwsgi.d/searxng.ini
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to reload the instance edit timestamp --> touch /etc/uwsgi.d/searxng.ini
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to stop instance remove ini --> rm /etc/uwsgi.d/searxng.ini
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Distributors
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============
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The `uWSGI Emperor`_ mode and `systemd unit template`_ is what the distributors
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mostly offer their users, even if they differ in the way they implement both
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modes and their defaults. Another point they might differ in is the packaging of
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plugins (if so, compare :ref:`install packages`) and what the default python
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interpreter is (python2 vs. python3).
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While archlinux does not start a uWSGI service by default, Fedora (RHEL) starts
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a Emperor in `Tyrant mode`_ by default (you should have read :ref:`uWSGI Tyrant
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mode pitfalls`). Worth to know; debian (ubuntu) follow a complete different
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approach, read see :ref:`Debian's uWSGI layout`.
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.. _Debian's uWSGI layout:
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Debian's uWSGI layout
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---------------------
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.. _uwsgi.README.Debian:
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https://salsa.debian.org/uwsgi-team/uwsgi/-/raw/debian/latest/debian/uwsgi.README.Debian
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Be aware, Debian's uWSGI layout is quite different from the standard uWSGI
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configuration. Your are familiar with :ref:`Debian's Apache layout`? .. they do a
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similar thing for the uWSGI infrastructure. The folders are::
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/etc/uwsgi/apps-available/
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/etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/
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The `uwsgi ini file`_ is enabled by a symbolic link::
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ln -s /etc/uwsgi/apps-available/searxng.ini /etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/
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More details can be found in the uwsgi.README.Debian_
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(``/usr/share/doc/uwsgi/README.Debian.gz``). Some commands you should know on
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Debian:
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.. code:: none
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Commands recognized by init.d script
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====================================
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You can issue to init.d script following commands:
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* start | starts daemon
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* stop | stops daemon
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* reload | sends to daemon SIGHUP signal
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* force-reload | sends to daemon SIGTERM signal
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* restart | issues 'stop', then 'start' commands
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* status | shows status of daemon instance (running/not running)
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'status' command must be issued with exactly one argument: '<confname>'.
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Controlling specific instances of uWSGI
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=======================================
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You could control specific instance(s) by issuing:
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SYSTEMCTL_SKIP_REDIRECT=1 service uwsgi <command> <confname> <confname>...
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where:
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* <command> is one of 'start', 'stop' etc.
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* <confname> is the name of configuration file (without extension)
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For example, this is how instance for /etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/hello.xml is
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started:
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SYSTEMCTL_SKIP_REDIRECT=1 service uwsgi start hello
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.. _uWSGI maintenance:
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uWSGI maintenance
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=================
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: Ubuntu / debian
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.. kernel-include:: $DOCS_BUILD/includes/searxng.rst
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:start-after: START searxng uwsgi-description ubuntu-20.04
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:end-before: END searxng uwsgi-description ubuntu-20.04
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.. hotfix: a bug group-tab need this comment
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.. group-tab:: Arch Linux
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.. kernel-include:: $DOCS_BUILD/includes/searxng.rst
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:start-after: START searxng uwsgi-description arch
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:end-before: END searxng uwsgi-description arch
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.. hotfix: a bug group-tab need this comment
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.. group-tab:: Fedora / RHEL
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.. kernel-include:: $DOCS_BUILD/includes/searxng.rst
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:start-after: START searxng uwsgi-description fedora
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:end-before: END searxng uwsgi-description fedora
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.. _uwsgi setup:
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uWSGI setup
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===========
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Create the configuration ini-file according to your distribution and restart the
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uwsgi application. As shown below, the :ref:`installation scripts` installs by
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default:
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- a uWSGI setup that listens on a socket and
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- enables :ref:`cache busting <static_use_hash>`.
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: Ubuntu / debian
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.. kernel-include:: $DOCS_BUILD/includes/searxng.rst
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:start-after: START searxng uwsgi-appini ubuntu-20.04
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:end-before: END searxng uwsgi-appini ubuntu-20.04
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.. hotfix: a bug group-tab need this comment
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.. group-tab:: Arch Linux
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.. kernel-include:: $DOCS_BUILD/includes/searxng.rst
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:start-after: START searxng uwsgi-appini arch
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:end-before: END searxng uwsgi-appini arch
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.. hotfix: a bug group-tab need this comment
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.. group-tab:: Fedora / RHEL
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.. kernel-include:: $DOCS_BUILD/includes/searxng.rst
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:start-after: START searxng uwsgi-appini fedora
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:end-before: END searxng uwsgi-appini fedora
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.. _uWSGI Tyrant mode pitfalls:
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Pitfalls of the Tyrant mode
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===========================
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The implementation of the process owners and groups in the `Tyrant mode`_ is
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somewhat unusual and requires special consideration. In `Tyrant mode`_ mode the
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Emperor will run the vassal using the UID/GID of the vassal configuration file
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(user and group of the app ``.ini`` file).
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.. _#2099@uWSGI: https://github.com/unbit/uwsgi/issues/2099
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.. _#752@uWSGI: https://github.com/unbit/uwsgi/pull/752
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.. _#2425uWSGI: https://github.com/unbit/uwsgi/issues/2425
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Without option ``emperor-tyrant-initgroups=true`` in ``/etc/uwsgi.ini`` the
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process won't get the additional groups, but this option is not available in
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2.0.x branch (see `#2099@uWSGI`_) the feature `#752@uWSGI`_ has been merged (on
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Oct. 2014) to the master branch of uWSGI but had never been released; the last
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major release is from Dec. 2013, since the there had been only bugfix releases
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(see `#2425uWSGI`_). To shorten up:
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**In Tyrant mode, there is no way to get additional groups, and the uWSGI
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process misses additional permissions that may be needed.**
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For example on Fedora (RHEL): If you try to install a redis DB with socket
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communication and you want to connect to it from the SearXNG uWSGI, you will see a
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*Permission denied* in the log of your instance::
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ERROR:searx.shared.redis: [searxng (993)] can't connect redis DB ...
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ERROR:searx.shared.redis: Error 13 connecting to unix socket: /usr/local/searxng-redis/run/redis.sock. Permission denied.
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ERROR:searx.plugins.limiter: init limiter DB failed!!!
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Even if your *searxng* user of the uWSGI process is added to additional groups
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to give access to the socket from the redis DB::
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$ groups searxng
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searxng : searxng searxng-redis
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To see the effective groups of the uwsgi process, you have to look at the status
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of the process, by example::
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$ ps -aef | grep '/usr/sbin/uwsgi --ini searxng.ini'
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searxng 93 92 0 12:43 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/uwsgi --ini searxng.ini
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searxng 186 93 0 12:44 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/uwsgi --ini searxng.ini
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Here you can see that the additional "Groups" of PID 186 are unset (missing gid
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of ``searxng-redis``)::
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$ cat /proc/186/task/186/status
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...
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Uid: 993 993 993 993
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Gid: 993 993 993 993
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FDSize: 128
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Groups:
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...
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