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.. _lxcdev:
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==============================
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Developing in Linux Containers
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==============================
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.. _LXC: https://linuxcontainers.org/lxc/introduction/
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In this article we will show, how you can make use of Linux Containers (LXC_) in
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*distributed and heterogeneous development cycles* (TL;DR; jump to the
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:ref:`lxcdev summary`).
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.. sidebar:: Audience
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This blog post is written for experienced admins and developers. Readers
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should have a serious meaning about the terms: *distributed*, *merge* and
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*linux container*.
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.. contents:: Contents
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:depth: 2
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:local:
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:backlinks: entry
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Motivation
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==========
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Usually in our development cycle, we edit the sources and run some test and/or
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builds by using ``make`` :ref:`[ref] <makefile>` before we commit. This cycle
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is simple and perfect but might fail in some aspects we should not overlook.
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**The environment in which we run all our development processes matters!**
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The :ref:`makefile` and the :ref:`make install` encapsulate a lot for us, but
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they do not have access to all prerequisites. For example, there may have
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dependencies on packages that are installed on the developer's desktop, but
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usually are not preinstalled on a server or client system. Another example is;
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settings have been made to the software on developer's desktop that would never
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be set on a *production* system.
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**Linux Containers are isolate environments and not to mix up all the
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prerequisites from various projects on developer's desktop is always a good
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choice.**
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The scripts from :ref:`searx_utils` can divide in those to install and maintain
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software:
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- :ref:`searxng.sh`
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and the script :ref:`lxc.sh`, with we can scale our installation, maintenance or
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even development tasks over a stack of isolated containers / what we call the:
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**SearXNG LXC suite**
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.. hint::
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If you see any problems with the internet connectivity of your
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containers read section :ref:`internet connectivity docker`.
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Gentlemen, start your engines!
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==============================
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.. _LXD: https://linuxcontainers.org/lxd/introduction/
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.. _archlinux: https://www.archlinux.org/
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Before you can start with containers, you need to install and initiate LXD_
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once:
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: desktop
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.. code:: bash
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$ snap install lxd
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$ lxd init --auto
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And you need to clone from origin or if you have your own fork, clone from your
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fork:
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: desktop
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.. code:: bash
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$ cd ~/Downloads
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$ git clone https://github.com/searxng/searxng.git searxng
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$ cd searxng
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The :ref:`lxc-searxng.env` consists of several images, see ``export
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LXC_SUITE=(...`` near by :origin:`utils/lxc-searxng.env#L19`. For this blog post
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we exercise on a archlinux_ image. The container of this image is named
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``searxng-archlinux``. Lets build the container, but be sure that this container
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does not already exists, so first lets remove possible old one:
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: desktop
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh remove searxng-archlinux
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh build searxng-archlinux
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.. sidebar:: The ``searxng-archlinux`` container
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is the base of all our exercises here.
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In this container we install all services :ref:`including searx, morty & filtron
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<lxc.sh install suite>` in once:
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: desktop
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh install suite searxng-archlinux
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To proxy HTTP from filtron and morty in the container to the outside of the
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container, install nginx into the container. Once for the bot blocker filtron:
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: desktop
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searxng-archlinux \
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./utils/filtron.sh nginx install
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...
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INFO: got 429 from http://10.174.184.156/searx
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and once for the content sanitizer (content proxy morty):
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: desktop
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searxng-archlinux \
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./utils/morty.sh nginx install
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...
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INFO: got 200 from http://10.174.184.156/morty/
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.. sidebar:: Fully functional SearXNG suite
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From here on you have a fully functional SearXNG suite running with bot
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blocker (filtron) and WEB content sanitizer (content proxy morty), both are
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needed for a *privacy protecting* search engine.
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On your system, the IP of your ``searxng-archlinux`` container differs from
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http://10.174.184.156/searx, just open the URL reported in your installation
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protocol in your WEB browser from the desktop to test the instance from outside
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of the container.
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In such a earXNG suite admins can maintain and access the debug log of the
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different services quite easy.
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.. _working in containers:
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In containers, work as usual
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============================
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Usually you open a root-bash using ``sudo -H bash``. In case of LXC containers
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open the root-bash in the container using ``./utils/lxc.sh cmd
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searxng-archlinux``:
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: desktop
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searxng-archlinux bash
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INFO: [searxng-archlinux] bash
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[root@searxng-archlinux searx]# pwd
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/share/searxng
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The prompt ``[root@searxng-archlinux ...]`` signals, that you are the root user in
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the searxng-container. To debug the running SearXNG instance use:
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: root@searxng-archlinux
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.. code:: bash
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$ ./utils/searx.sh inspect service
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...
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use [CTRL-C] to stop monitoring the log
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...
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Back in the browser on your desktop open the service http://10.174.184.156/searx
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and run your application tests while the debug log is shown in the terminal from
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above. You can stop monitoring using ``CTRL-C``, this also disables the *"debug
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option"* in SearXNG's settings file and restarts the SearXNG uwsgi application.
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To debug services from filtron and morty analogous use:
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Another point we have to notice is that the service (:ref:`SearXNG <searxng.sh>`
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runs under dedicated system user account with the same name (compare
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:ref:`create searxng user`). To get a shell from these accounts, simply call:
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: root@searxng-archlinux
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.. code:: bash
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$ ./utils/searxng.sh instance cmd bash
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To get in touch, open a shell from the service user (searxng@searxng-archlinux):
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: desktop
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searxng-archlinux ./utils/searxng.sh instance cmd bash
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INFO: [searxng-archlinux] ./utils/searxng.sh instance cmd bash
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[searxng@searxng-archlinux ~]$
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The prompt ``[searxng@searxng-archlinux]`` signals that you are logged in as system
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user ``searx`` in the ``searxng-archlinux`` container and the python *virtualenv*
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``(searxng-pyenv)`` environment is activated.
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: searxng@searxng-archlinux
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.. code:: bash
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(searxng-pyenv) [searxng@searxng-archlinux ~]$ pwd
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/usr/local/searxng
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Wrap production into developer suite
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====================================
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In this section we will see how to change the *"Fully functional SearXNG suite"*
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from a LXC container (which is quite ready for production) into a developer
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suite. For this, we have to keep an eye on the :ref:`installation basic`:
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- SearXNG setup in: ``/etc/searxng/settings.yml``
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- SearXNG user's home: ``/usr/local/searxng``
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- virtualenv in: ``/usr/local/searxng/searxng-pyenv``
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- SearXNG software in: ``/usr/local/searxng/searxng-src``
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With the use of the :ref:`searxng.sh` the SearXNG service was installed as
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:ref:`uWSGI application <searxng uwsgi>`. To maintain this service, we can use
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``systemctl`` (compare :ref:`uWSGI maintenance`).
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: desktop
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searxng-archlinux \
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systemctl stop uwsgi@searxng
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With the command above, we stopped the SearXNG uWSGI-App in the archlinux
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container.
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The uWSGI-App for the archlinux dsitros is configured in
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:origin:`utils/templates/etc/uwsgi/apps-archlinux/searxng.ini`, from where at
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least you should attend the settings of ``uid``, ``chdir``, ``env`` and
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``http``::
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env = SEARXNG_SETTINGS_PATH=/etc/searxng/settings.yml
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http = 127.0.0.1:8888
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chdir = /usr/local/searxng/searxng-src/searx
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virtualenv = /usr/local/searxng/searxng-pyenv
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pythonpath = /usr/local/searxng/searxng-src
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If you have read the :ref:`"Good to know section" <lxc.sh>` you remember, that
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each container shares the root folder of the repository and the command
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``utils/lxc.sh cmd`` handles relative path names **transparent**. To wrap the
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SearXNG installation into a developer one, we simple have to create a smylink to
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the **transparent** reposetory from the desktop. Now lets replace the
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repository at ``searxng-src`` in the container with the working tree from outside
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of the container:
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: container becomes a developer suite
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searxng-archlinux \
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mv /usr/local/searxng/searxng-src /usr/local/searxng/searxng-src.old
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searxng-archlinux \
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ln -s /share/searx/ /usr/local/searxng/searxng-src
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Now we can develop as usual in the working tree of our desktop system. Every
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time the software was changed, you have to restart the SearXNG service (in the
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container):
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: desktop
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searxng-archlinux \
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systemctl restart uwsgi@searx
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Remember: :ref:`working in containers` .. here are just some examples from my
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daily usage:
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: desktop
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To *inspect* the SearXNG instance (already described above):
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searxng-archlinux \
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./utils/searx.sh inspect service
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Run :ref:`makefile`, e.g. to test inside the container:
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searxng-archlinux \
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make test
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To install all prerequisites needed for a :ref:`buildhosts`:
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searxng-archlinux \
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./utils/searxng.sh install buildhost
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To build the docs on a buildhost :ref:`buildhosts`:
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searxng-archlinux \
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make docs.html
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.. _lxcdev summary:
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Summary
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=======
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We build up a fully functional SearXNG suite in a archlinux container:
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh install suite searxng-archlinux
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To access HTTP from the desktop we installed nginx for the services inside the
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container:
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: [root@searxng-archlinux]
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.. code:: bash
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$ ./utils/filtron.sh nginx install
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$ ./utils/morty.sh nginx install
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To wrap the suite into a developer one, we created a symbolic link to the
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repository which is shared **transparent** from the desktop's file system into
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the container :
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: [root@searxng-archlinux]
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.. code:: bash
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$ mv /usr/local/searxng/searxng-src /usr/local/searxng/searxng-src.old
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$ ln -s /share/searx/ /usr/local/searxng/searxng-src
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$ systemctl restart uwsgi@searx
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To get information about the searxNG suite in the archlinux container we can
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use:
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.. tabs::
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.. group-tab:: desktop
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.. code:: bash
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$ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh show suite searxng-archlinux
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...
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[searxng-archlinux] INFO: (eth0) filtron: http://10.174.184.156:4004/ http://10.174.184.156/searx
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[searxng-archlinux] INFO: (eth0) morty: http://10.174.184.156:3000/
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[searxng-archlinux] INFO: (eth0) docs.live: http://10.174.184.156:8080/
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[searxng-archlinux] INFO: (eth0) IPv6: http://[fd42:573b:e0b3:e97e:216:3eff:fea5:9b65]
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...
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