2015-12-31 15:20:59 +00:00
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## 运行你的 shader
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现在你可能跃跃欲试,想在你熟悉的平台上小试牛刀了。接下来会有一些比较流行的平台的示例代码,展示如何在这些平台上配置 shader。(在这个 [github 仓库](https://github.com/patriciogonzalezvivo/thebookofshaders/tree/master/04) 中有本章的三种平台的示例代码)
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2016-05-09 07:29:31 +00:00
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**注释 1**:如果你不想用这些平台来运行 shader,且你想在浏览器外使用 shader,你可以下载[glslViewer](https://github.com/patriciogonzalezvivo/glslViewer)。这个 MacOS+树莓派程序直接在终端运行,并且是为本书的例子量身打造的。
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2015-12-31 15:20:59 +00:00
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**注释2**:如果你想用 WebGL 显示 shader,并不关心其他平台,你可以用[glslCanvas](https://github.com/patriciogonzalezvivo/glslCanvas) 。这个 web 工具本来是为本书设计的,但是太好用了,所以我常常用在其他项目中。
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### **Three.js**
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为人谦逊而非常有才华的 Ricardo Cabello (也就是 [MrDoob](https://twitter.com/mrdoob) )和许多[贡献者](https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/graphs/contributors) 一起搭了可能是 WebGL 最知名的平台,[Three.js](http://threejs.org/)。你可以找到无数程序示例,教程,书籍,教你如何用这个 JavaScript 库做出酷炫的 3D 图像。
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下面是一个你需要的例子,教你用 three.js 玩转 shader。注意 ```id="fragmentShader"```脚本,你要把下面的代码拷到里面。
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下面是一个 HTML 和 JS 的示例,
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```html
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<body>
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<div id="container"></div>
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<script src="js/three.min.js"></script>
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<script id="vertexShader" type="x-shader/x-vertex">
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void main() {
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gl_Position = vec4( position, 1.0 );
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}
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</script>
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<script id="fragmentShader" type="x-shader/x-fragment">
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uniform vec2 u_resolution;
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uniform float u_time;
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void main() {
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vec2 st = gl_FragCoord.xy/u_resolution.xy;
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gl_FragColor=vec4(st.x,st.y,0.0,1.0);
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}
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</script>
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<script>
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var container;
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var camera, scene, renderer;
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var uniforms;
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init();
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animate();
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function init() {
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container = document.getElementById( 'container' );
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2017-08-19 10:11:58 +00:00
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2015-12-31 15:20:59 +00:00
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camera = new THREE.Camera();
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camera.position.z = 1;
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scene = new THREE.Scene();
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var geometry = new THREE.PlaneBufferGeometry( 2, 2 );
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uniforms = {
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u_time: { type: "f", value: 1.0 },
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u_resolution: { type: "v2", value: new THREE.Vector2() }
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};
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var material = new THREE.ShaderMaterial( {
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uniforms: uniforms,
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vertexShader: document.getElementById( 'vertexShader' ).textContent,
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fragmentShader: document.getElementById( 'fragmentShader' ).textContent
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} );
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var mesh = new THREE.Mesh( geometry, material );
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scene.add( mesh );
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renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
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renderer.setPixelRatio( window.devicePixelRatio );
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2017-08-19 10:11:58 +00:00
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2015-12-31 15:20:59 +00:00
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container.appendChild( renderer.domElement );
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onWindowResize();
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window.addEventListener( 'resize', onWindowResize, false );
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}
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function onWindowResize( event ) {
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renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );
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uniforms.u_resolution.value.x = renderer.domElement.width;
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uniforms.u_resolution.value.y = renderer.domElement.height;
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}
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function animate() {
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requestAnimationFrame( animate );
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render();
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}
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function render() {
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uniforms.u_time.value += 0.05;
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renderer.render( scene, camera );
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}
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</script>
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</body>
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```
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### **Processing**
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2001年由[Ben Fry](http://benfry.com/) 和 [Casey Reas](http://reas.com/) 创建,[Processing](https://processing.org/)是一个极其简约而强大的环境,非常适合初尝代码的人(至少对于我来是这样)。关于 OpenGL 和视频,[Andres Colubri](https://codeanticode.wordpress.com/)为 Processing 平台做了很重要的更新,使得环境非常友好,玩 GLSL shader 比起以前大大容易了。Processing 会在你的 sketch 的 ```data``` 文件夹搜索名为 ```"shader.frag"``` 的文件。记得把这里的示例代码拷到你的文件夹里然后重命名 shader。
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```processing
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PShader shader;
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void setup() {
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size(640, 360, P2D);
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noStroke();
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2017-08-19 10:11:58 +00:00
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2015-12-31 15:20:59 +00:00
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shader = loadShader("shader.frag");
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}
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void draw() {
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shader.set("u_resolution", float(width), float(height));
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shader.set("u_mouse", float(mouseX), float(mouseY));
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shader.set("u_time", millis() / 1000.0);
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shader(shader);
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rect(0,0,width,height);
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}
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```
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在 2.1 版之前的版本运行 shader,你需要在你的 shader 文件开头添加以下代码:
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```#define PROCESSING_COLOR_SHADER```。所以它应该看起来是这样:
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```glsl
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#ifdef GL_ES
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precision mediump float;
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#endif
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#define PROCESSING_COLOR_SHADER
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uniform vec2 u_resolution;
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uniform vec3 u_mouse;
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uniform float u_time;
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void main() {
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vec2 st = gl_FragCoord.st/u_resolution;
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gl_FragColor = vec4(st.x,st.y,0.0,1.0);
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}
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```
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更多 Processing 的 shader 教程戳 [tutorial](https://processing.org/tutorials/pshader/)。
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### **openFrameworks**
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每个人都有自己的舒适区,我的则是[openFrameworks community](http://openframeworks.cc/)。这个 C++ 框架打包了 OpenGL 和其他开源 C++ 库。在很多方面它和 Processing 非常像,但是明显和 C++ 编译器打交道一定比较麻烦。和 Processing 很像地,openFrameworks 会在你的 data 文件夹里寻找 shader 文件,所以不要忘记把你的后缀 ```.frag``` 的文件拷进去,加载的时候记得改名。
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2017-08-19 10:11:58 +00:00
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2015-12-31 15:20:59 +00:00
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```cpp
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void ofApp::draw(){
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ofShader shader;
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shader.load("","shader.frag");
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2017-08-19 10:11:58 +00:00
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2015-12-31 15:20:59 +00:00
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shader.begin();
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shader.setUniform1f("u_time", ofGetElapsedTimef());
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shader.setUniform2f("u_resolution", ofGetWidth(), ofGetHeight());
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ofRect(0,0,ofGetWidth(), ofGetHeight());
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shader.end();
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}
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```
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2016-06-16 22:40:02 +00:00
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关于 shader 在 openFrameworks 的更多信息请参考这篇[excellent tutorial](http://openframeworks.cc/ofBook/chapters/shaders.html),作者是 [Joshua Noble](http://thefactoryfactory.com/)。
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