readability/test/test-pages/webmd-2/source.html

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<title>Superbugs: What They Are and How You Get Them</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Drug-resistant bacteria, dubbed " superbugs, "=" " pose=" " an=" " enormous=" " threat=" " to=" " our=" " health.=" " learn=" " about=" " the=" " biggest=" " threats=" " and=" " how=" " you=" " might=" " get=" " infected,=" " from=" " webmd.=" " "=""/>
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<div id="bannerAd_ctr">
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<div id="ContentPane2">
<header id="masthead" class="bottom_header">
<div id="global_overlay"></div><a href="#mainContentContainer_area" class="jawsonly">Skip to content</a>
<div id="banner" role="banner">
<div id="logo">
<a onclick="sl(this,'','logo')" href="http://www.webmd.com/www/default.htm"><img src="http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/usability/2012/LBi_Masthead/logo_trans.png" class="logo_rdr" alt="WebMD: Better information. Better health."/></a>
</div>
<div id="search_container" role="search">
<form action="http://www.webmd.com/search/search_results/default.aspx" method="get" name="searchForm">
<label class="jawsonly" for="searchQuery_fmt">Enter Search Keywords. Use the arrow keys to navigate suggestions.</label>
<input type="text" id="searchQuery_fmt" name="query" maxlength="200" value="" autocomplete="off" title="Enter Search Keywords"/>
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<div id="lln-srchbarlnks"><a onclick="return sl(this,'','lln-srchbarlnks_schk')" class="lln-symptoms" href="http://www.webmd.com/symptoms/default.htm">Symptoms</a><span class="pipe">|</span> <a onclick="return sl(this,'','lln-srchbarlnks_phyd')" class="lln-doctors" href="http://doctor.webmd.com/home">Doctors</a><span class="pipe">|</span> <a onclick="return sl(this,'','lln-srchbarlnks_hins')" class="lln-insurance" href="http://www.webmd.com/health-insurance/default.htm">Health Care Reform</a></div>
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<a href="http://goo.gl/AtWsfO" data-metrics-link="vote"> <img src="http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/home_page/webby-awards-vote.png" alt="Vote for WebMD in the Webbys"/> </a>
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<nav id="nav" role="navigation">
<ul>
<li id="nav_1" class="nav nav_reference"><a href="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/common-topics/default.htm" id="nav_link_1" aria-haspopup="true" class="nav_link" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-tab')">Health A-Z</a>
<div id="menu_1" class="nav_dropdown" role="menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="nav_dropdown_col_1a">
<div id="nav_1_1">
<p>Common Conditions</p><span><a href="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/common-topics/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_more')">View All</a></span>
<ul class="half" role="menu">
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_1')">ADD/ADHD</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/allergies/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_2')">Allergies</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/arthritis/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_3')">Arthritis</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/cancer/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_4')">Cancer</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_5')">Cold, Flu &amp; Cough</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/depression/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_6')">Depression</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_7')">Diabetes</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="half" role="menu">
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_8')">Eye Health</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_9')">Heart Disease</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_10')">Heartburn/GERD</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_11')">Pain Management</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_12')">Sexual Conditions</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_13')">Skin Problems</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ccnd_14')">Sleep Disorders</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="nav_1_2">
<p>Featured Topics</p>
<ul role="menu">
<li id="pb1" class="hide_link"><a href="http://www.webmd.com/allergies/ss/slideshow-bad-bugs" class="type_ss" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ftpc_1')">Identifying Bugs and Their Bites <i></i></a></li>
<li id="pb2" class="hide_link"><a href="http://www.webmd.com/women/yeast-evaluator/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ftpc_2')">Bothered by Yeast Infections?</a></li>
<li id="pb3" class="hide_link"><a href="http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/ss/slideshow-worst-shoes-for-your-feet" class="type_ss" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ftpc_3')">The Worst Shoes for Your Feet <i></i></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nav_dropdown_col_2a" id="symptom_checker_col">
<div id="nav_1_3"><a href="http://www.webmd.com/symptoms/default.htm" id="symptom_checker_logo" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-schk_1')">WebMD Symptom Checker</a>
<p class="bold">Health concern on your mind?</p>
<p>See what your medical symptoms could mean, and learn about possible conditions.</p><a href="http://www.webmd.com/symptoms/default.htm" class="webmd-btn webmd-btn-pr webmd-btn-m" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-schk_sub')">Get Started</a></div>
</div>
<div class="nav_dropdown_col_3">
<div id="nav_1_4">
<p>Resources</p>
<ul role="menu">
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/blogs/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-xchng_blg')"><strong>Second Opinion:</strong> Read expert perspectives on popular health topics.</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/exchanges/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-xchng_cmty')"><strong>Communities:</strong> Connect with people like you, and get expert guidance on living a healthy life.</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/health-insurance/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-ins_ctr')"><strong>Insurance Guide:</strong> Get ready for changes to your health care coverage.</a></li>
<li><a href="http://doctor.webmd.com" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-phy_dir')"><strong>Physician Directory:</strong> Find a doctor in your area.</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="nav_1_6">
<p>WebMD Pain Coach</p>
<a href="http://www.webmd.com/webmdpaincoachapp" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-app_1')" class="nav_image"><img src="http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/modules/masthead_test/50x50_pain_app.jpg" alt="WebMD pain app"/></a> <a href="http://www.webmd.com/webmdpaincoachapp" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb1-app_1')">Track your pain levels, triggers, and treatments. Set goals and get tips with our app for iPhone.</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li id="nav_2" class="nav nav_reference"><a href="http://www.webmd.com/drugs/index-drugs.aspx" id="nav_link_2" class="nav_link" aria-haspopup="true" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-tab')">Drugs &amp; Supplements</a>
<div id="menu_2" class="nav_dropdown" role="menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="nav_dropdown_col_1a">
<div id="nav_2_1">
<p>Find Information About:</p>
<p class="bold">Drugs &amp; Supplements</p>
<p>Get information and reviews on prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and supplements. Search by name or medical condition.</p>
<ul role="menu" class="bottom_border">
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/drugs/index-drugs.aspx" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-drgsp_1')">Find or Review a Drug</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/default.aspx" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-drgsp_2')">Find or Review a Vitamin or Supplement</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/interaction-checker/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-drgsp_3')">Check for Drug Interactions</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="bold">Drug Basics &amp; Safety</p>
<ul role="menu">
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/ss/slideshow-commonly-abused-drugs" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-drgsf_1')" class="type_ss">Commonly Abused Drugs <i></i></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/drug-medication/medicationawareness/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-drgsf_2')">What's Your Medication IQ?</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/baby/taking-prescription-medications-during-pregnancy" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-drgsf_3')">Taking Medications During Pregnancy</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="pill_identifier_col" class="nav_dropdown_col_2a">
<div id="nav_2_2" class="bottom_border pill_identifier_section"><a href="http://www.webmd.com/pill-identification/default.htm" id="pill_identifier_logo" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-pid_1')">WebMD Pill Identifier</a>
<p class="bold">Having trouble identifying your pills?</p>
<p>Enter the shape, color, or imprint of your prescription or OTC drug. Our <a href="http://www.webmd.com/pill-identification/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-pid_2')">pill identification tool</a> will display pictures that you can compare to your pill.</p><a href="http://www.webmd.com/pill-identification/default.htm" class="webmd-btn webmd-btn-pr webmd-btn-m" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-pid_sub')">Get Started</a></div>
<div id="nav_2_5" class="my_medicine_section"><a href="http://www.webmd.com/my-medicine/default.htm" id="my_medicine_logo" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-ic_2')">WebMD My Medicine</a>
<p>Save your medicine, check interactions, sign up for FDA alerts, create family profiles and more.</p><a href="http://www.webmd.com/my-medicine/default.htm" class="webmd-btn webmd-btn-pr webmd-btn-m" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-ic_sub')">Get Started</a></div>
</div>
<div class="nav_dropdown_col_3">
<div id="nav_2_3">
<p>Drug News</p>
<ul role="menu">
<li id="pb5" class="hide_link"><a href="http://www.webmd.com/news/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-dnws_1')">Get the Latest Drug Approvals &amp; Alerts</a></li>
<li id="pb6" class="hide_link"><a href="http://www.webmd.com/fda/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-dnws_2')">Find FDA Consumer Updates</a></li>
<li id="pb7" class="hide_link"><a href="https://member.webmd.com/newsletters/newsletters.aspx" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-dnws_3')">Sign up to receive WebMD's award-winning content delivered to your inbox.</a></li>
<li id="pb8" class="hide_pb_link"><a href="http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20120627/fda-approves-diet-pill-belviq" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-dnws_4')">FDA Approves Diet Pill Belviq</a></li>
<li id="pb9" class="hide_pb_link"><a href="http://www.webmd.com/dvt/news/20120625/fda-delays-decision-on-blood-thinner-eliquis" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-dnws_5')">FDA Delays Decision on Blood Thinner Eliquis</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="nav_2_4">
<p>WebMD Mobile Drug Information App</p>
<a href="http://www.webmd.com/webmdapp" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-app_1')" class="nav_image"><img src="http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/modules/masthead_test/50x50_webmd_mobile_app.png" alt="WebMD logo"/></a> <a href="http://www.webmd.com/webmdapp" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb2-app_1')">Drug, supplement, and vitamin information on the go.</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li id="nav_3" class="nav nav_health"><a href="http://www.webmd.com/living-healthy" id="nav_link_3" class="nav_link" aria-haspopup="true" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb3-tab')">Living Healthy</a>
<div id="menu_3" class="nav_dropdown" role="menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="nav_dropdown_col_1b">
<div id="nav_3_1">
<p>Featured Content</p>
<div id="pb11" class="hide_link"><img src="http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/modules/masthead_test/210x130_healthy_living_feature.jpg" alt="Women with hair wrapped in towel"/> <a href="http://www.webmd.com/healthy-beauty/ss/slideshow-best-kept-hair-secrets" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb3-ftr_1')" class="bold">Want luxurious locks?</a>
<p>WebMD cuts through the hype to reveal the best kept secrets for healthy hair.</p>
<a href="http://www.webmd.com/healthy-beauty/ss/slideshow-best-kept-hair-secrets" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb3-ftr_1')" class="link_overlay" tabindex="-1"></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nav_dropdown_col_2b">
<div id="nav_3_2">
<p>Living Healthy Centers</p><span><a href="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/healthy-living/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb3-chl_more')">View All</a></span>
<div class="third right_border">
<a href="http://www.webmd.com/living-healthy" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb3-cdt_1')" class="nav_image"><img src="http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/modules/masthead_test/110x70_healthy_living_diet_food.png" alt="grilled salmon and vegetables"/></a>
<p class="bold more_bottom_margin">Diet, Food &amp; Fitness</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/diet/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb3-cdt_1')">Weight Loss &amp; Diet Plans</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/default.htm" onclick="return sl(this,'','hicb3-cdt_2')">Food &amp; Recipes</a></li>
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<h2>Superbugs: What They Are and How You Get Them</h2>
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<div class="author_fmt"> By <a rel="author" href="http://www.webmd.com/kelli-miller" onclick="return sl(this,'','prog-lnk');">Kelli Miller</a>
<br/>WebMD Health News</div>
<div class="reviewedBy_fmt"> Reviewed by <a onclick="return sl(this,'','prog-lnk');" href="http://www.webmd.com/hansa-bhargava">Hansa D. Bhargava, MD</a></div>
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<p>April 17, 2015 -- Imagine being sick in the hospital with a <a href="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/bacterial-and-viral-infections" onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');" class="">bacterial infection</a> and doctors can't stop it from spreading. This so-called "superbug" scenario is not science fiction. It's an urgent, worldwide worry that is prompting swift action.</p>
<p xmlns:xalan="http://xml.apache.org/xalan">Every year, about 2 million people get sick from a superbug, according to the CDC. About 23,000 die. Earlier this year, an outbreak of CRE (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae) linked to contaminated medical tools sickened 11 people at two Los-Angeles area hospitals. Two people died, and more than 200 others may have been exposed.</p>
<p>The White House recently released a <a onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');" href="http://www.webmd.com/click?url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/national_action_plan_for_combating_antibotic-resistant_bacteria.pdf">comprehensive plan</a> outlining steps to combat drug-resistant bacteria. The plan identifies three "urgent" and several "serious" threats. We asked infectious disease experts to explain what some of them are and when to worry.</p>
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<p> <a href="http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ss/slideshow-closer-look-at-mrsa" onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-app-ssh');">A Closer Look at MRSA</a> </p>
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<h3>But First: What's a Superbug? </h3>
<p>It's a term coined by the media to describe bacteria that cannot be killed using multiple <a href="http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/rm-quiz-antibiotics-myths-facts" onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');" class="">antibiotics</a>. "It resonates because it's scary," says Stephen Calderwood, MD, president of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. "But in fairness, there is no real definition."</p>
<p>Instead, doctors often use phrases like "multidrug-resistant bacteria." That's because a superbug isn't necessarily resistant to all antibiotics. It refers to bacteria that can't be treated using two or more, says Brian K. Coombes, PhD, of McMaster University in Ontario.</p>
<p>Any species of bacteria can turn into a superbug.</p>
<p>Misusing antibiotics (such as taking them when you don't need them or not finishing all of your medicine) is the "single leading factor" contributing to this problem, the CDC says. The concern is that eventually doctors will run out of antibiotics to treat them.</p>
<p>"What the public should know is that the more antibiotics youve taken, the higher your superbug risk," says Eric Biondi, MD, who runs a program to decrease unnecessary antibiotic use. "The more encounters you have with the hospital setting, the higher your superbug risk."</p>
<p>"Superbugs should be a concern to everyone," Coombes says. "Antibiotics are the foundation on which all modern medicine rests. Cancer <a href="http://www.webmd.com/cancer/chemotherapy-what-to-expect" onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');" class="">chemotherapy</a>, <a href="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/organ-donation-facts" onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');" class="">organ transplants</a>, surgeries, and <a href="http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/delivery-methods" onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');" class="">childbirth</a> all rely on antibiotics to prevent infections. If you can't treat those, then we lose the medical advances we have made in the last 50 years."</p>
<p>Here are some of the growing superbug threats identified in the 2015 White House report.</p>
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