|
|
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Project-Id-Version: Rust Design Patterns\n"
|
|
|
"POT-Creation-Date: \n"
|
|
|
"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-04-08 21:55+0200\n"
|
|
|
"Last-Translator: <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
|
|
|
"Language-Team: Spanish\n"
|
|
|
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
|
|
|
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
|
|
|
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
|
|
|
"Language: es\n"
|
|
|
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Introduction"
|
|
|
msgstr "Introducción"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:4
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Translations"
|
|
|
msgstr "Traducciones"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Idioms"
|
|
|
msgstr "Modismos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:6
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Use borrowed types for arguments"
|
|
|
msgstr "Usar tipos prestados para argumentos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:7
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Concatenating Strings with format!"
|
|
|
msgstr "¡Concatenación de cadenas con formato!"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:8
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Constructor"
|
|
|
msgstr "Constructor"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:9
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "The Default Trait"
|
|
|
msgstr "El rasgo predeterminado"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:10
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Collections Are Smart Pointers"
|
|
|
msgstr "Las colecciones son punteros inteligentes"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:11
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Finalisation in Destructors"
|
|
|
msgstr "Finalización en Destructores"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:12
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "mem::{take(_), replace(_)}"
|
|
|
msgstr "mem::{tomar(_), reemplazar(_)}"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:13
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "On-Stack Dynamic Dispatch"
|
|
|
msgstr "Despacho dinámico en pila"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:14 src\SUMMARY.md:40
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Foreign function interface (FFI)"
|
|
|
msgstr "Interfaz de función externa (FFI)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:15
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Idiomatic Errors"
|
|
|
msgstr "Errores idiomáticos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:16
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Accepting Strings"
|
|
|
msgstr "Aceptar cadenas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:17
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Passing Strings"
|
|
|
msgstr "Pasar cuerdas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:18
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Iterating over an Option"
|
|
|
msgstr "Iterando sobre una opción"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:19
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Pass Variables to Closure"
|
|
|
msgstr "Pasar variables al cierre"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:20
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Privacy For Extensibility"
|
|
|
msgstr "Privacidad para extensibilidad"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:21
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Easy doc initialization"
|
|
|
msgstr "Fácil inicialización de documentos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:22
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Temporary mutability"
|
|
|
msgstr "Mutabilidad temporal"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:23
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Return consumed arg on error"
|
|
|
msgstr "Devolver argumento consumido en caso de error"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:25
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Design Patterns"
|
|
|
msgstr "Patrones de diseño"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:26
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Behavioural"
|
|
|
msgstr "conductual"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:27
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Command"
|
|
|
msgstr "Dominio"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:28
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Interpreter"
|
|
|
msgstr "Intérprete"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:29
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Newtype"
|
|
|
msgstr "Nuevo tipo"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:30
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "RAII Guards"
|
|
|
msgstr "Guardias RAII"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:31
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Strategy"
|
|
|
msgstr "Estrategia"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:32
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Visitor"
|
|
|
msgstr "Visitante"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:33
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Creational"
|
|
|
msgstr "Creacional"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:34
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Builder"
|
|
|
msgstr "Constructor"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:35
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Fold"
|
|
|
msgstr "Doblar"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:36
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Structural"
|
|
|
msgstr "Estructural"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:37
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Compose Structs"
|
|
|
msgstr "Componer estructuras"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:38
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Prefer Small Crates"
|
|
|
msgstr "Preferir cajas pequeñas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:39
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Contain unsafety in small modules"
|
|
|
msgstr "Contener la inseguridad en pequeños módulos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:41
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Object-Based APIs"
|
|
|
msgstr "API basadas en objetos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:42
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Type Consolidation into Wrappers"
|
|
|
msgstr "Escriba la consolidación en contenedores"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:44
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Anti-patterns"
|
|
|
msgstr "Anti-patrones"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:45
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Clone to satisfy the borrow checker"
|
|
|
msgstr "Clonar para satisfacer el verificador de préstamo"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:46
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "#[deny(warnings)]"
|
|
|
msgstr "#[negar(advertencias)]"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:47
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Deref Polymorphism"
|
|
|
msgstr "Polimorfismo Deref"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:49
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Functional Programming"
|
|
|
msgstr "Programación funcional"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:50
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Programming paradigms"
|
|
|
msgstr "Paradigmas de programación"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:51
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Generics as Type Classes"
|
|
|
msgstr "Genéricos como clases de tipos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:52
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Lenses and Prisms"
|
|
|
msgstr "lentes y prismas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:54
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Additional Resources"
|
|
|
msgstr "Recursos adicionales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\SUMMARY.md:55
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Design principles"
|
|
|
msgstr "Criterios de diseño"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\intro.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Introduction"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Introducción"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\intro.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Participation"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Participación"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\intro.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If you are interested in contributing to this book, check out the\n"
|
|
|
"[contribution "
|
|
|
"guidelines](https://github.com/rust-unofficial/patterns/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si está interesado en contribuir a este libro, consulte el\n"
|
|
|
"[directrices de "
|
|
|
"contribución](https://github.com/rust-unofficial/patterns/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\intro.md:8
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Design patterns"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Patrones de diseño"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\intro.md:10
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In software development, we often come across problems that share\n"
|
|
|
"similarities regardless of the environment they appear in. Although the\n"
|
|
|
"implementation details are crucial to solve the task at hand, we may\n"
|
|
|
"abstract from these particularities to find the common practices that\n"
|
|
|
"are generically applicable."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En el desarrollo de software, a menudo nos encontramos con problemas que "
|
|
|
"comparten\n"
|
|
|
"similitudes independientemente del entorno en el que aparecen. Aunque el\n"
|
|
|
"detalles de implementación son cruciales para resolver la tarea en cuestión, "
|
|
|
"podemos\n"
|
|
|
"abstraerse de estas particularidades para encontrar las prácticas comunes "
|
|
|
"que\n"
|
|
|
"son de aplicación genérica."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\intro.md:16
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Design patterns are a collection of reusable and tested solutions to\n"
|
|
|
"recurring problems in engineering. They make our software more modular,\n"
|
|
|
"maintainable, and extensible. Moreover, these patterns provide a common\n"
|
|
|
"language for developers, making them an excellent tool for effective\n"
|
|
|
"communication when problem-solving in teams."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Los patrones de diseño son una colección de soluciones reutilizables y "
|
|
|
"probadas para\n"
|
|
|
"problemas recurrentes en ingeniería. Hacen que nuestro software sea más "
|
|
|
"modular,\n"
|
|
|
"mantenible y extensible. Además, estos patrones proporcionan un común\n"
|
|
|
"lenguaje para desarrolladores, lo que los convierte en una excelente "
|
|
|
"herramienta para\n"
|
|
|
"comunicación en la resolución de problemas en equipo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\intro.md:22 src\patterns/index.md:14
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Design patterns in Rust"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Patrones de diseño en Rust"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\intro.md:24
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust is not object-oriented, and the combination of all its "
|
|
|
"characteristics,\n"
|
|
|
"such as functional elements, a strong type system, and the borrow checker,\n"
|
|
|
"makes it unique.\n"
|
|
|
"Because of this, Rust design patterns vary with respect to other\n"
|
|
|
"traditional object-oriented programming languages.\n"
|
|
|
"That's why we decided to write this book. We hope you enjoy reading it!\n"
|
|
|
"The book is divided in three main chapters:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust no está orientado a objetos, y la combinación de todas sus "
|
|
|
"características,\n"
|
|
|
"tales como elementos funcionales, un sistema de tipo fuerte y el verificador "
|
|
|
"de préstamo,\n"
|
|
|
"lo hace único.\n"
|
|
|
"Debido a esto, los patrones de diseño de Rust varían con respecto a otros\n"
|
|
|
"lenguajes de programación tradicionales orientados a objetos.\n"
|
|
|
"Por eso decidimos escribir este libro. ¡Esperamos que disfrutes leyéndolo!\n"
|
|
|
"El libro se divide en tres capítulos principales:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\intro.md:32
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [Idioms](./idioms/index.md): guidelines to follow when coding.\n"
|
|
|
" They are the social norms of the community.\n"
|
|
|
" You should break them only if you have a good reason for it.\n"
|
|
|
"- [Design patterns](./patterns/index.md): methods to solve common problems\n"
|
|
|
" when coding.\n"
|
|
|
"- [Anti-patterns](./anti_patterns/index.md): methods to solve common "
|
|
|
"problems\n"
|
|
|
" when coding.\n"
|
|
|
" However, while design patterns give us benefits,\n"
|
|
|
" anti-patterns create more problems."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Expresiones idiomáticas](./idioms/index.md): pautas a seguir al "
|
|
|
"codificar.\n"
|
|
|
" Son las normas sociales de la comunidad.\n"
|
|
|
" Debe romperlos solo si tiene una buena razón para ello.\n"
|
|
|
"- [Patrones de diseño] (./patrones/index.md): métodos para resolver "
|
|
|
"problemas comunes\n"
|
|
|
" al codificar.\n"
|
|
|
"- [Anti-patterns](./anti_patterns/index.md): métodos para resolver problemas "
|
|
|
"comunes\n"
|
|
|
" al codificar.\n"
|
|
|
" Sin embargo, mientras que los patrones de diseño nos dan beneficios,\n"
|
|
|
" los antipatrones crean más problemas."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\translations.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Translations"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Traducciones"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\translations.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"We are utilizing "
|
|
|
"[mdbook-i18n-helper](https://github.com/google/mdbook-i18n-helpers).\n"
|
|
|
"Please read up on how to _add_ and _update_ translations in [their "
|
|
|
"repository](https://github.com/google/mdbook-i18n-helpers#creating-and-updating-translations)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Estamos utilizando "
|
|
|
"[mdbook-i18n-helper](https://github.com/google/mdbook-i18n-helpers).\n"
|
|
|
"Lea cómo _agregar_ y _actualizar_ traducciones en [su "
|
|
|
"repositorio](https://github.com/google/mdbook-i18n-helpers#creating-and-updating-translations)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\translations.md:6
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## External translations"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Traducciones externas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\translations.md:8
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "- [简体中文](https://fomalhauthmj.github.io/patterns/)"
|
|
|
msgstr "- [简体中文](https://fomalhauthmj.github.io/patterns/)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\translations.md:10
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If you want to add a translation, please open an issue in the\n"
|
|
|
"[main repository](https://github.com/rust-unofficial/patterns)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si desea agregar una traducción, abra un problema en el\n"
|
|
|
"[repositorio principal](https://github.com/rust-unofficial/patterns)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/index.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Idioms"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Modismos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/index.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"[Idioms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_idiom) are commonly used\n"
|
|
|
"styles, guidelines and patterns largely agreed upon by a community.\n"
|
|
|
"Writing idiomatic code allows other developers to understand better what is\n"
|
|
|
"happening."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"[Los modismos] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_idiom) se usan "
|
|
|
"comúnmente\n"
|
|
|
"estilos, pautas y patrones acordados en gran medida por una comunidad.\n"
|
|
|
"Escribir código idiomático permite que otros desarrolladores entiendan mejor "
|
|
|
"qué es\n"
|
|
|
"sucediendo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/index.md:8
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"After all, the computer only cares about the machine code that is generated\n"
|
|
|
"by the compiler.\n"
|
|
|
"Instead, the source code is mainly beneficial to the developer.\n"
|
|
|
"So, since we have this abstraction layer, why not make it more readable?"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Después de todo, a la computadora solo le importa el código de máquina que "
|
|
|
"se genera.\n"
|
|
|
"por el compilador.\n"
|
|
|
"En cambio, el código fuente es principalmente beneficioso para el "
|
|
|
"desarrollador.\n"
|
|
|
"Entonces, ya que tenemos esta capa de abstracción, ¿por qué no hacerla más "
|
|
|
"legible?"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/index.md:13
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Remember the [KISS "
|
|
|
"principle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle):\n"
|
|
|
"\"Keep It Simple, Stupid\". It claims that \"most systems work best if they "
|
|
|
"are\n"
|
|
|
"kept simple rather than made complicated; therefore, simplicity should be a "
|
|
|
"key\n"
|
|
|
"goal in design, and unnecessary complexity should be avoided\"."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/index.md:18
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "> Code is there for humans, not computers, to understand."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"> El código está ahí para que lo entiendan los humanos, no las computadoras."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Use borrowed types for arguments"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Usar tipos prestados para argumentos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:3 src\idioms/concat-format.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/default.md:3 src\idioms/deref.md:3 src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:3 src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:3 src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:3 src\idioms/option-iter.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:3 src\idioms/priv-extend.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/return-consumed-arg-on-error.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:13 src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:3 src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:3 src\patterns/creational/fold.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:5
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/unsafe-mods.md:3 src\patterns/ffi/export.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:3 src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:3 src\anti_patterns/deref.md:3
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Description"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Descripción"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Using a target of a deref coercion can increase the flexibility of your "
|
|
|
"code\n"
|
|
|
"when you are deciding which argument type to use for a function argument.\n"
|
|
|
"In this way, the function will accept more input types."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El uso de un objetivo de coerción de desref puede aumentar la flexibilidad "
|
|
|
"de su código\n"
|
|
|
"cuando está decidiendo qué tipo de argumento usar para un argumento de "
|
|
|
"función.\n"
|
|
|
"De esta forma, la función aceptará más tipos de entrada."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:9
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This is not limited to slice-able or fat pointer types.\n"
|
|
|
"In fact, you should always prefer using the **borrowed type** over\n"
|
|
|
"**borrowing the owned type**.\n"
|
|
|
"Such as `&str` over `&String`, `&[T]` over `&Vec<T>`, or `&T` over `&Box<T>`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto no se limita a los tipos de puntero gordo o rebanable.\n"
|
|
|
"De hecho, siempre debe preferir usar el **tipo prestado** en lugar de\n"
|
|
|
"**tomando prestado el tipo propio**.\n"
|
|
|
"Como `&str` sobre `&String`, `&[T]` sobre `&Vec<T>`, o `&T` sobre `&Box<T>`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:14
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Using borrowed types you can avoid layers of indirection for those "
|
|
|
"instances\n"
|
|
|
"where the owned type already provides a layer of indirection. For instance, "
|
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
|
"`String` has a layer of indirection, so a `&String` will have two layers of\n"
|
|
|
"indirection. We can avoid this by using `&str` instead, and letting "
|
|
|
"`&String`\n"
|
|
|
"coerce to a `&str` whenever the function is invoked."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Usando tipos prestados puede evitar capas de direccionamiento indirecto para "
|
|
|
"esas instancias\n"
|
|
|
"donde el tipo propio ya proporciona una capa de direccionamiento indirecto. "
|
|
|
"Por ejemplo, un\n"
|
|
|
"`String` tiene una capa de direccionamiento indirecto, por lo que `&String` "
|
|
|
"tendrá dos capas de\n"
|
|
|
"indirección Podemos evitar esto usando `&str` en su lugar, y dejando que "
|
|
|
"`&String`\n"
|
|
|
"coaccionar a `&str` cada vez que se invoca la función."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:20 src\idioms/concat-format.md:10
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/default.md:20 src\idioms/deref.md:9 src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:9
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:11 src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:10
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:12 src\idioms/priv-extend.md:18
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:12
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/return-consumed-arg-on-error.md:8
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:18
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:18 src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:11
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:28
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:13 src\patterns/creational/builder.md:7
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:12
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:17
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:11 src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:8
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:8 src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:38
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Example"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Ejemplo"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:22
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"For this example, we will illustrate some differences for using `&String` as "
|
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
|
"function argument versus using a `&str`, but the ideas apply as well to "
|
|
|
"using\n"
|
|
|
"`&Vec<T>` versus using a `&[T]` or using a `&Box<T>` versus a `&T`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Para este ejemplo, ilustraremos algunas diferencias al usar `&String` como\n"
|
|
|
"argumento de función versus usar `&str`, pero las ideas se aplican también "
|
|
|
"al uso\n"
|
|
|
"`&Vec<T>` versus usar `&[T]` o usar `&Box<T>` versus `&T`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:26
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Consider an example where we wish to determine if a word contains three\n"
|
|
|
"consecutive vowels. We don't need to own the string to determine this, so "
|
|
|
"we\n"
|
|
|
"will take a reference."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Considere un ejemplo donde deseamos determinar si una palabra contiene tres\n"
|
|
|
"vocales consecutivas. No necesitamos ser dueños de la cadena para determinar "
|
|
|
"esto, así que\n"
|
|
|
"tomará una referencia."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:30
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "The code might look something like this:"
|
|
|
msgstr "El código podría ser algo como esto:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:32
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"fn three_vowels(word: &String) -> bool {\n"
|
|
|
" let mut vowel_count = 0;\n"
|
|
|
" for c in word.chars() {\n"
|
|
|
" match c {\n"
|
|
|
" 'a' | 'e' | 'i' | 'o' | 'u' => {\n"
|
|
|
" vowel_count += 1;\n"
|
|
|
" if vowel_count >= 3 {\n"
|
|
|
" return true\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" _ => vowel_count = 0\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" false\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let ferris = \"Ferris\".to_string();\n"
|
|
|
" let curious = \"Curious\".to_string();\n"
|
|
|
" println!(\"{}: {}\", ferris, three_vowels(&ferris));\n"
|
|
|
" println!(\"{}: {}\", curious, three_vowels(&curious));\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // This works fine, but the following two lines would fail:\n"
|
|
|
" // println!(\"Ferris: {}\", three_vowels(\"Ferris\"));\n"
|
|
|
" // println!(\"Curious: {}\", three_vowels(\"Curious\"));\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:62
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This works fine because we are passing a `&String` type as a parameter.\n"
|
|
|
"If we remove the comments on the last two lines, the example will fail. "
|
|
|
"This\n"
|
|
|
"is because a `&str` type will not coerce to a `&String` type. We can fix "
|
|
|
"this\n"
|
|
|
"by simply modifying the type for our argument."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto funciona bien porque estamos pasando un tipo `&String` como parámetro.\n"
|
|
|
"Si eliminamos los comentarios de las dos últimas líneas, el ejemplo fallará. "
|
|
|
"Este\n"
|
|
|
"es porque un tipo `&str` no forzará a un tipo `&String`. podemos arreglar "
|
|
|
"esto\n"
|
|
|
"simplemente modificando el tipo de nuestro argumento."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:67
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "For instance, if we change our function declaration to:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Por ejemplo, si cambiamos nuestra declaración de función a:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:69
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
|
"fn three_vowels(word: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:73
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "then both versions will compile and print the same output."
|
|
|
msgstr "entonces ambas versiones compilarán e imprimirán el mismo resultado."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:75
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
|
"Ferris: false\n"
|
|
|
"Curious: true\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:80
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"But wait, that's not all! There is more to this story.\n"
|
|
|
"It's likely that you may say to yourself: that doesn't matter, I will never "
|
|
|
"be\n"
|
|
|
"using a `&'static str` as an input anyways (as we did when we used "
|
|
|
"`\"Ferris\"`).\n"
|
|
|
"Even ignoring this special example, you may still find that using `&str` "
|
|
|
"will\n"
|
|
|
"give you more flexibility than using a `&String`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Pero espera, ¡eso no es todo! Hay más en esta historia.\n"
|
|
|
"Es probable que te digas a ti mismo: eso no importa, nunca seré\n"
|
|
|
"usando `&'static str` como entrada de todos modos (como hicimos cuando "
|
|
|
"usamos `\"Ferris\"`).\n"
|
|
|
"Incluso ignorando este ejemplo especial, aún puede encontrar que usar "
|
|
|
"`&str`\n"
|
|
|
"darle más flexibilidad que usar un `&String`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:86
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Let's now take an example where someone gives us a sentence, and we want to\n"
|
|
|
"determine if any of the words in the sentence contain three consecutive "
|
|
|
"vowels.\n"
|
|
|
"We probably should make use of the function we have already defined and "
|
|
|
"simply\n"
|
|
|
"feed in each word from the sentence."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Ahora tomemos un ejemplo en el que alguien nos da una oración y queremos\n"
|
|
|
"determinar si alguna de las palabras de la oración contiene tres vocales "
|
|
|
"consecutivas.\n"
|
|
|
"Probablemente deberíamos hacer uso de la función que ya hemos definido y "
|
|
|
"simplemente\n"
|
|
|
"Introduzca cada palabra de la oración."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:91
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "An example of this could look like this:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Un ejemplo de esto podría verse así:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:93
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"fn three_vowels(word: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
|
" let mut vowel_count = 0;\n"
|
|
|
" for c in word.chars() {\n"
|
|
|
" match c {\n"
|
|
|
" 'a' | 'e' | 'i' | 'o' | 'u' => {\n"
|
|
|
" vowel_count += 1;\n"
|
|
|
" if vowel_count >= 3 {\n"
|
|
|
" return true\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" _ => vowel_count = 0\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" false\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let sentence_string =\n"
|
|
|
" \"Once upon a time, there was a friendly curious crab named "
|
|
|
"Ferris\".to_string();\n"
|
|
|
" for word in sentence_string.split(' ') {\n"
|
|
|
" if three_vowels(word) {\n"
|
|
|
" println!(\"{} has three consecutive vowels!\", word);\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:121
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Running this example using our function declared with an argument type "
|
|
|
"`&str`\n"
|
|
|
"will yield"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Ejecutando este ejemplo usando nuestra función declarada con un tipo de "
|
|
|
"argumento `&str`\n"
|
|
|
"rendirá"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:124
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
|
"curious has three consecutive vowels!\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:128
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"However, this example will not run when our function is declared with an\n"
|
|
|
"argument type `&String`. This is because string slices are a `&str` and not "
|
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
|
"`&String` which would require an allocation to be converted to `&String` "
|
|
|
"which\n"
|
|
|
"is not implicit, whereas converting from `String` to `&str` is cheap and "
|
|
|
"implicit."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, este ejemplo no se ejecutará cuando nuestra función se declare "
|
|
|
"con un\n"
|
|
|
"tipo de argumento `&String`. Esto se debe a que los segmentos de cadena son "
|
|
|
"un `&str` y no un\n"
|
|
|
"`&String` que requeriría convertir una asignación a `&String` que\n"
|
|
|
"no es implícito, mientras que convertir de `String` a `&str` es económico e "
|
|
|
"implícito."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:133 src\idioms/default.md:58
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:76 src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:88
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:108 src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:83
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/option-iter.md:46 src\idioms/priv-extend.md:120
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:218
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:142
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:104 src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:111
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:174
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:106
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:108 src\patterns/creational/fold.md:109
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:45
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/unsafe-mods.md:32
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:68 src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:96
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:123 src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:237
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## See also"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Ver también"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/coercion-arguments.md:135
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [Rust Language Reference on Type "
|
|
|
"Coercions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-coercions.html)\n"
|
|
|
"- For more discussion on how to handle `String` and `&str` see\n"
|
|
|
" [this blog series "
|
|
|
"(2015)](https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023149/https://hermanradtke.com/2015/05/03/string-vs-str-in-rust-functions.html)\n"
|
|
|
" by Herman J. Radtke III"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Referencia del lenguaje Rust sobre coerciones de "
|
|
|
"tipos](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-coercions.html)\n"
|
|
|
"- Para obtener más información sobre cómo manejar `String` y `&str`, "
|
|
|
"consulte\n"
|
|
|
" [esta serie de blogs "
|
|
|
"(2015)](https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023149/https://hermanradtke.com/2015/05/03/string-vs-str-in-rust-functions.html "
|
|
|
")\n"
|
|
|
" por Herman J. Radtke III"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/concat-format.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Concatenating strings with `format!`"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Concatenar cadenas con `formato!`"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/concat-format.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"It is possible to build up strings using the `push` and `push_str` methods "
|
|
|
"on a\n"
|
|
|
"mutable `String`, or using its `+` operator. However, it is often more\n"
|
|
|
"convenient to use `format!`, especially where there is a mix of literal and\n"
|
|
|
"non-literal strings."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Es posible construir cadenas usando los métodos `push` y `push_str` en un\n"
|
|
|
"`String` mutable, o usando su operador `+`. Sin embargo, a menudo es más\n"
|
|
|
"conveniente usar `formato!`, especialmente donde hay una mezcla de literal "
|
|
|
"y\n"
|
|
|
"cadenas no literales."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/concat-format.md:12
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"fn say_hello(name: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
|
" // We could construct the result string manually.\n"
|
|
|
" // let mut result = \"Hello \".to_owned();\n"
|
|
|
" // result.push_str(name);\n"
|
|
|
" // result.push('!');\n"
|
|
|
" // result\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // But using format! is better.\n"
|
|
|
" format!(\"Hello {}!\", name)\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/concat-format.md:25 src\idioms/deref.md:43
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:42 src\idioms/mem-replace.md:83
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:48 src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:131
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:68 src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:68
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:48 src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:38
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/return-consumed-arg-on-error.md:55
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:66 src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:78
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:96
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:68
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:75
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:12
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/unsafe-mods.md:11 src\patterns/ffi/export.md:111
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:63 src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:16
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:69 src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:210
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Advantages"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Ventajas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/concat-format.md:27
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Using `format!` is usually the most succinct and readable way to combine "
|
|
|
"strings."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Usar `format!` suele ser la forma más sucinta y legible de combinar cadenas."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/concat-format.md:29 src\idioms/deref.md:50
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:47 src\idioms/mem-replace.md:87
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:54 src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:136
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:141
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:103 src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:57
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:42
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/return-consumed-arg-on-error.md:59
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:77
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:104
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:76
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:81
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:22
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/unsafe-mods.md:17 src\patterns/ffi/export.md:234
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:69 src\anti_patterns/deref.md:81
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:221
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Disadvantages"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Desventajas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/concat-format.md:31
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"It is usually not the most efficient way to combine strings - a series of "
|
|
|
"`push`\n"
|
|
|
"operations on a mutable string is usually the most efficient (especially if "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"string has been pre-allocated to the expected size)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Por lo general, no es la forma más eficiente de combinar cadenas: una serie "
|
|
|
"de `push`\n"
|
|
|
"operaciones en una cadena mutable suele ser la más eficiente (especialmente "
|
|
|
"si el\n"
|
|
|
"cadena se ha preasignado al tamaño esperado)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ctor.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Constructors\r"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Constructores\r"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ctor.md:3 src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Description\r"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Descripción\r"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ctor.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust does not have constructors as a language construct. Instead, the\r\n"
|
|
|
"convention is to use an [associated function][associated function] `new` to "
|
|
|
"create an object:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust no tiene constructores como una construcción de lenguaje. En cambio, "
|
|
|
"el\r\n"
|
|
|
"la convención es usar una [función asociada][función asociada] `nueva` para "
|
|
|
"crear un objeto:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ctor.md:8
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"````rust\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// Time in seconds.\r\n"
|
|
|
"///\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// # Example\r\n"
|
|
|
"///\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// ```\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// let s = Second::new(42);\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(42, s.value());\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// ```\r\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct Second {\r\n"
|
|
|
" value: u64\r\n"
|
|
|
"}\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r\n"
|
|
|
"impl Second {\r\n"
|
|
|
" // Constructs a new instance of [`Second`].\r\n"
|
|
|
" // Note this is an associated function - no self.\r\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn new(value: u64) -> Self {\r\n"
|
|
|
" Self { value }\r\n"
|
|
|
" }\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// Returns the value in seconds.\r\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn value(&self) -> u64 {\r\n"
|
|
|
" self.value\r\n"
|
|
|
" }\r\n"
|
|
|
"}\r\n"
|
|
|
"````"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ctor.md:35
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Default Constructors\r"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Constructores predeterminados\r"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ctor.md:37
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust supports default constructors with the [`Default`][std-default] trait:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust admite constructores predeterminados con el rasgo "
|
|
|
"[`Default`][std-default]:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ctor.md:39
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"````rust\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// Time in seconds.\r\n"
|
|
|
"///\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// # Example\r\n"
|
|
|
"///\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// ```\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// let s = Second::default();\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(0, s.value());\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// ```\r\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct Second {\r\n"
|
|
|
" value: u64\r\n"
|
|
|
"}\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r\n"
|
|
|
"impl Second {\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// Returns the value in seconds.\r\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn value(&self) -> u64 {\r\n"
|
|
|
" self.value\r\n"
|
|
|
" }\r\n"
|
|
|
"}\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r\n"
|
|
|
"impl Default for Second {\r\n"
|
|
|
" fn default() -> Self {\r\n"
|
|
|
" Self { value: 0 }\r\n"
|
|
|
" }\r\n"
|
|
|
"}\r\n"
|
|
|
"````"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ctor.md:66
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"`Default` can also be derived if all types of all fields implement "
|
|
|
"`Default`,\r\n"
|
|
|
"like they do with `Second`:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"`Predeterminado` también se puede derivar si todos los tipos de todos los "
|
|
|
"campos implementan `Predeterminado`,\r\n"
|
|
|
"como lo hacen con `Second`:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ctor.md:69
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"````rust\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// Time in seconds.\r\n"
|
|
|
"///\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// # Example\r\n"
|
|
|
"///\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// ```\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// let s = Second::default();\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(0, s.value());\r\n"
|
|
|
"/// ```\r\n"
|
|
|
"#[derive(Default)]\r\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct Second {\r\n"
|
|
|
" value: u64\r\n"
|
|
|
"}\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r\n"
|
|
|
"impl Second {\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// Returns the value in seconds.\r\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn value(&self) -> u64 {\r\n"
|
|
|
" self.value\r\n"
|
|
|
" }\r\n"
|
|
|
"}\r\n"
|
|
|
"````"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ctor.md:91
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"**Note:** It is common and expected for types to implement both\r\n"
|
|
|
"`Default` and an empty `new` constructor. `new` is the constructor\r\n"
|
|
|
"convention in Rust, and users expect it to exist, so if it is\r\n"
|
|
|
"reasonable for the basic constructor to take no arguments, then it\r\n"
|
|
|
"should, even if it is functionally identical to default."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"**Nota:** Es común y se espera que los tipos implementen ambos\r\n"
|
|
|
"'Predeterminado' y un constructor 'nuevo' vacío. `nuevo` es el "
|
|
|
"constructor\r\n"
|
|
|
"convención en Rust, y los usuarios esperan que exista, por lo que si es\r\n"
|
|
|
"razonable que el constructor básico no tome argumentos, entonces\r\n"
|
|
|
"debería, incluso si es funcionalmente idéntico al predeterminado."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ctor.md:97
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"**Hint:** The advantage of implementing or deriving `Default` is that your "
|
|
|
"type\r\n"
|
|
|
"can now be used where a `Default` implementation is required, most "
|
|
|
"prominently,\r\n"
|
|
|
"any of the [`*or_default` functions in the standard library][std-or-default]."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"**Sugerencia:** La ventaja de implementar o derivar `Default` es que su "
|
|
|
"tipo\r\n"
|
|
|
"ahora se puede usar donde se requiere una implementación 'Predeterminada', "
|
|
|
"más prominentemente,\r\n"
|
|
|
"cualquiera de las funciones [`*or_default` en la biblioteca "
|
|
|
"estándar][std-or-default]."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ctor.md:101
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## See also\r"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Ver también\r"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ctor.md:103
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- The [default idiom](default.md) for a more in-depth description of the\r\n"
|
|
|
" `Default` trait.\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r\n"
|
|
|
"- The [builder pattern](../patterns/creational/builder.md) for "
|
|
|
"constructing\r\n"
|
|
|
" objects where there are multiple configurations.\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r\n"
|
|
|
"- [API Guidelines/C-COMMON-TRAITS][API Guidelines/C-COMMON-TRAITS] for\r\n"
|
|
|
" implementing both, `Default` and `new`.\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- El [modismo predeterminado](default.md) para una descripción más detallada "
|
|
|
"del\r\n"
|
|
|
" Rasgo 'predeterminado'.\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r\n"
|
|
|
"- El [patrón del constructor] (../patterns/creational/builder.md) para "
|
|
|
"construir\r\n"
|
|
|
" objetos donde hay múltiples configuraciones.\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r\n"
|
|
|
"- [Directrices API/C-COMMON-TRAITS][Directrices API/C-COMMON-TRAITS] para\r\n"
|
|
|
" implementando ambos, `Predeterminado` y `nuevo`.\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/default.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# The `Default` Trait"
|
|
|
msgstr "# El rasgo `Por defecto`"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/default.md:5
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Many types in Rust have a [constructor]. However, this is _specific_ to the\n"
|
|
|
"type; Rust cannot abstract over \"everything that has a `new()` method\". "
|
|
|
"To\n"
|
|
|
"allow this, the [`Default`] trait was conceived, which can be used with\n"
|
|
|
"containers and other generic types (e.g. see "
|
|
|
"[`Option::unwrap_or_default()`]).\n"
|
|
|
"Notably, some containers already implement it where applicable."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/default.md:11
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Not only do one-element containers like `Cow`, `Box` or `Arc` implement\n"
|
|
|
"`Default` for contained `Default` types, one can automatically\n"
|
|
|
"`#[derive(Default)]` for structs whose fields all implement it, so the more\n"
|
|
|
"types implement `Default`, the more useful it becomes."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"No solo implementan contenedores de un elemento como `Cow`, `Box` o `Arc`\n"
|
|
|
"'Predeterminado' para los tipos 'Predeterminados' contenidos, uno puede "
|
|
|
"automáticamente\n"
|
|
|
"`#[derive(Default)]` para estructuras cuyos campos lo implementan, así que "
|
|
|
"cuanto más\n"
|
|
|
"tipos implementan `Default`, más útil se vuelve."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/default.md:16
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"On the other hand, constructors can take multiple arguments, while the\n"
|
|
|
"`default()` method does not. There can even be multiple constructors with\n"
|
|
|
"different names, but there can only be one `Default` implementation per type."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Por otro lado, los constructores pueden tomar múltiples argumentos, mientras "
|
|
|
"que los\n"
|
|
|
"El método `default()` no lo hace. Incluso puede haber múltiples "
|
|
|
"constructores con\n"
|
|
|
"nombres diferentes, pero solo puede haber una implementación "
|
|
|
"`Predeterminada` por tipo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/default.md:22
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"use std::{path::PathBuf, time::Duration};\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// note that we can simply auto-derive Default here.\n"
|
|
|
"#[derive(Default, Debug, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
|
"struct MyConfiguration {\n"
|
|
|
" // Option defaults to None\n"
|
|
|
" output: Option<PathBuf>,\n"
|
|
|
" // Vecs default to empty vector\n"
|
|
|
" search_path: Vec<PathBuf>,\n"
|
|
|
" // Duration defaults to zero time\n"
|
|
|
" timeout: Duration,\n"
|
|
|
" // bool defaults to false\n"
|
|
|
" check: bool,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl MyConfiguration {\n"
|
|
|
" // add setters here\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" // construct a new instance with default values\n"
|
|
|
" let mut conf = MyConfiguration::default();\n"
|
|
|
" // do something with conf here\n"
|
|
|
" conf.check = true;\n"
|
|
|
" println!(\"conf = {:#?}\", conf);\n"
|
|
|
" \n"
|
|
|
" // partial initialization with default values, creates the same "
|
|
|
"instance\n"
|
|
|
" let conf1 = MyConfiguration {\n"
|
|
|
" check: true,\n"
|
|
|
" ..Default::default()\n"
|
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(conf, conf1);\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/default.md:60
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- The [constructor] idiom is another way to generate instances that may or "
|
|
|
"may\n"
|
|
|
" not be \"default\"\n"
|
|
|
"- The [`Default`] documentation (scroll down for the list of implementors)\n"
|
|
|
"- [`Option::unwrap_or_default()`]\n"
|
|
|
"- [`derive(new)`]"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- El lenguaje [constructor] es otra forma de generar instancias que pueden o "
|
|
|
"pueden\n"
|
|
|
" no ser \"predeterminado\"\n"
|
|
|
"- La documentación [`Default`] (desplácese hacia abajo para ver la lista de "
|
|
|
"implementadores)\n"
|
|
|
"- [`Opción::unwrap_or_default()`]\n"
|
|
|
"- [`derivar(nuevo)`]"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Collections are smart pointers"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Las colecciones son punteros inteligentes"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Use the [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html)\n"
|
|
|
"trait to treat collections like smart pointers, offering owning\n"
|
|
|
"and borrowed views of data."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Utilice [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html)\n"
|
|
|
"rasgo para tratar las colecciones como punteros inteligentes, ofreciendo "
|
|
|
"propiedad\n"
|
|
|
"y vistas prestadas de datos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:11
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"use std::ops::Deref;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct Vec<T> {\n"
|
|
|
" data: RawVec<T>,\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl<T> Deref for Vec<T> {\n"
|
|
|
" type Target = [T];\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn deref(&self) -> &[T] {\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:28
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"A `Vec<T>` is an owning collection of `T`s, while a slice (`&[T]`) is a "
|
|
|
"borrowed\n"
|
|
|
"collection of `T`s. Implementing `Deref` for `Vec` allows implicit "
|
|
|
"dereferencing\n"
|
|
|
"from `&Vec<T>` to `&[T]` and includes the relationship in auto-derefencing\n"
|
|
|
"searches. Most methods you might expect to be implemented for `Vec`s are "
|
|
|
"instead\n"
|
|
|
"implemented for slices."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Un `Vec<T>` es una colección propietaria de `T`s, mientras que un segmento "
|
|
|
"(`&[T]`) es un préstamo\n"
|
|
|
"colección de `T`s. La implementación de `Deref` para `Vec` permite la "
|
|
|
"desreferenciación implícita\n"
|
|
|
"de `&Vec<T>` a `&[T]` e incluye la relación en la eliminación automática de "
|
|
|
"referencias\n"
|
|
|
"búsquedas. La mayoría de los métodos que podría esperar que se implementen "
|
|
|
"para `Vec`s son en su lugar\n"
|
|
|
"implementado para rebanadas."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:34
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Also `String` and `&str` have a similar relation."
|
|
|
msgstr "También `String` y `&str` tienen una relación similar."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:36 src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:32
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:57 src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:37
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:12 src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:14
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/return-consumed-arg-on-error.md:43
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:8
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:16
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:56 src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:72
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:19
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:72 src\patterns/creational/builder.md:63
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:73
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:71 src\patterns/ffi/export.md:15
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:30
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Motivation"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Motivación"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:38
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Ownership and borrowing are key aspects of the Rust language. Data "
|
|
|
"structures\n"
|
|
|
"must account for these semantics properly to give a good user\n"
|
|
|
"experience. When implementing a data structure that owns its data, offering "
|
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
|
"borrowed view of that data allows for more flexible APIs."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La propiedad y el préstamo son aspectos clave del lenguaje Rust. Estructuras "
|
|
|
"de datos\n"
|
|
|
"debe tener en cuenta esta semántica correctamente para dar a un buen "
|
|
|
"usuario\n"
|
|
|
"experiencia. Al implementar una estructura de datos que posee sus datos, "
|
|
|
"ofrecer una\n"
|
|
|
"La vista prestada de esos datos permite API más flexibles."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:45
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Most methods can be implemented only for the borrowed view, they are then\n"
|
|
|
"implicitly available for the owning view."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La mayoría de los métodos se pueden implementar solo para la vista prestada, "
|
|
|
"luego se\n"
|
|
|
"implícitamente disponible para la vista propietaria."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:48
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Gives clients a choice between borrowing or taking ownership of data."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Brinda a los clientes la opción de tomar prestados o tomar posesión de los "
|
|
|
"datos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:52
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Methods and traits only available via dereferencing are not taken into "
|
|
|
"account\n"
|
|
|
"when bounds checking, so generic programming with data structures using "
|
|
|
"this\n"
|
|
|
"pattern can get complex (see the `Borrow` and `AsRef` traits, etc.)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"No se tienen en cuenta los métodos y características que solo están "
|
|
|
"disponibles a través de la desreferenciación.\n"
|
|
|
"cuando se verifican los límites, por lo que la programación genérica con "
|
|
|
"estructuras de datos usa esto\n"
|
|
|
"El patrón puede volverse complejo (ver los rasgos `Borrow` y `AsRef`, etc.)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:56 src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:61
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:97 src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:68
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:85 src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:203
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:103
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:85 src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:83
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:110
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:79 src\patterns/creational/builder.md:81
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:85
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:89 src\anti_patterns/deref.md:102
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Discussion"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Discusión"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:58
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Smart pointers and collections are analogous: a smart pointer points to a "
|
|
|
"single\n"
|
|
|
"object, whereas a collection points to many objects. From the point of view "
|
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
|
"the type system, there is little difference between the two. A collection "
|
|
|
"owns\n"
|
|
|
"its data if the only way to access each datum is via the collection and the\n"
|
|
|
"collection is responsible for deleting the data (even in cases of shared\n"
|
|
|
"ownership, some kind of borrowed view may be appropriate). If a collection "
|
|
|
"owns\n"
|
|
|
"its data, it is usually useful to provide a view of the data as borrowed so "
|
|
|
"that\n"
|
|
|
"it can be referenced multiple times."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Los punteros inteligentes y las colecciones son análogos: un puntero "
|
|
|
"inteligente apunta a un solo\n"
|
|
|
"objeto, mientras que una colección apunta a muchos objetos. Desde el punto "
|
|
|
"de vista de\n"
|
|
|
"el sistema de tipos, hay poca diferencia entre los dos. Una colección posee\n"
|
|
|
"sus datos si la única forma de acceder a cada dato es a través de la "
|
|
|
"recopilación y el\n"
|
|
|
"recogida es responsable de la eliminación de los datos (incluso en los casos "
|
|
|
"de compartir\n"
|
|
|
"propiedad, algún tipo de vista prestada puede ser apropiado). Si una "
|
|
|
"colección posee\n"
|
|
|
"sus datos, por lo general es útil proporcionar una vista de los datos como "
|
|
|
"prestados para que\n"
|
|
|
"puede ser referenciado varias veces."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:67
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Most smart pointers (e.g., `Foo<T>`) implement `Deref<Target=T>`. However,\n"
|
|
|
"collections will usually dereference to a custom type. `[T]` and `str` have "
|
|
|
"some\n"
|
|
|
"language support, but in the general case, this is not necessary. `Foo<T>` "
|
|
|
"can\n"
|
|
|
"implement `Deref<Target=Bar<T>>` where `Bar` is a dynamically sized type "
|
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
|
"`&Bar<T>` is a borrowed view of the data in `Foo<T>`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La mayoría de los punteros inteligentes (por ejemplo, `Foo<T>`) implementan "
|
|
|
"`Deref<Target=T>`. Sin embargo,\n"
|
|
|
"las colecciones por lo general dejarán de hacer referencia a un tipo "
|
|
|
"personalizado. `[T]` y `str` tienen algunos\n"
|
|
|
"soporte de idioma, pero en el caso general, esto no es necesario. `Foo<T>` "
|
|
|
"puede\n"
|
|
|
"implementar `Deref<Target=Bar<T>>` donde `Bar` es un tipo de tamaño dinámico "
|
|
|
"y\n"
|
|
|
"`&Bar<T>` es una vista prestada de los datos en `Foo<T>`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:73
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Commonly, ordered collections will implement `Index` for `Range`s to "
|
|
|
"provide\n"
|
|
|
"slicing syntax. The target will be the borrowed view."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Comúnmente, las colecciones ordenadas implementarán `Index` para `Range`s "
|
|
|
"para proporcionar\n"
|
|
|
"sintaxis de corte. El objetivo será la vista prestada."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/deref.md:78
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [Deref polymorphism anti-pattern](../anti_patterns/deref.md).\n"
|
|
|
"- [Documentation for `Deref` "
|
|
|
"trait](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Antipatrón de polimorfismo de deref](../anti_patterns/deref.md).\n"
|
|
|
"- [Documentación para el rasgo "
|
|
|
"`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Finalisation in destructors"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Finalización en destructores"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust does not provide the equivalent to `finally` blocks - code that will "
|
|
|
"be\n"
|
|
|
"executed no matter how a function is exited. Instead, an object's destructor "
|
|
|
"can\n"
|
|
|
"be used to run code that must be run before exit."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust no proporciona el equivalente a los bloques `finally` - código que "
|
|
|
"será\n"
|
|
|
"se ejecuta sin importar cómo se sale de una función. En cambio, el "
|
|
|
"destructor de un objeto puede\n"
|
|
|
"usarse para ejecutar código que debe ejecutarse antes de salir."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:11
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"fn bar() -> Result<(), ()> {\n"
|
|
|
" // These don't need to be defined inside the function.\n"
|
|
|
" struct Foo;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // Implement a destructor for Foo.\n"
|
|
|
" impl Drop for Foo {\n"
|
|
|
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
|
" println!(\"exit\");\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // The dtor of _exit will run however the function `bar` is exited.\n"
|
|
|
" let _exit = Foo;\n"
|
|
|
" // Implicit return with `?` operator.\n"
|
|
|
" baz()?;\n"
|
|
|
" // Normal return.\n"
|
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:34
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If a function has multiple return points, then executing code on exit "
|
|
|
"becomes\n"
|
|
|
"difficult and repetitive (and thus bug-prone). This is especially the case "
|
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
|
"return is implicit due to a macro. A common case is the `?` operator which\n"
|
|
|
"returns if the result is an `Err`, but continues if it is `Ok`. `?` is used "
|
|
|
"as\n"
|
|
|
"an exception handling mechanism, but unlike Java (which has `finally`), "
|
|
|
"there is\n"
|
|
|
"no way to schedule code to run in both the normal and exceptional cases.\n"
|
|
|
"Panicking will also exit a function early."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si una función tiene varios puntos de retorno, la ejecución del código al "
|
|
|
"salir se vuelve\n"
|
|
|
"difícil y repetitivo (y por lo tanto propenso a errores). Este es "
|
|
|
"especialmente el caso donde\n"
|
|
|
"el retorno es implícito debido a una macro. Un caso común es el operador `?` "
|
|
|
"que\n"
|
|
|
"devuelve si el resultado es `Err`, pero continúa si es `Ok`. `?` se utiliza "
|
|
|
"como\n"
|
|
|
"un mecanismo de manejo de excepciones, pero a diferencia de Java (que tiene "
|
|
|
"`finally`), hay\n"
|
|
|
"no hay forma de programar el código para que se ejecute tanto en casos "
|
|
|
"normales como excepcionales.\n"
|
|
|
"El pánico también hará que salga de una función antes de tiempo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:44
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Code in destructors will (nearly) always be run - copes with panics, early\n"
|
|
|
"returns, etc."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El código en los destructores (casi) siempre se ejecutará: hace frente a "
|
|
|
"pánicos, temprano\n"
|
|
|
"devoluciones, etc"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:49
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"It is not guaranteed that destructors will run. For example, if there is an\n"
|
|
|
"infinite loop in a function or if running a function crashes before exit.\n"
|
|
|
"Destructors are also not run in the case of a panic in an already panicking\n"
|
|
|
"thread. Therefore, destructors cannot be relied on as finalizers where it "
|
|
|
"is\n"
|
|
|
"absolutely essential that finalisation happens."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"No se garantiza que los destructores funcionen. Por ejemplo, si hay un\n"
|
|
|
"bucle infinito en una función o si la ejecución de una función falla antes "
|
|
|
"de salir.\n"
|
|
|
"Los destructores tampoco se ejecutan en caso de pánico en un país que ya "
|
|
|
"está en pánico.\n"
|
|
|
"hilo. Por lo tanto, no se puede confiar en los destructores como "
|
|
|
"finalizadores donde es\n"
|
|
|
"absolutamente esencial que ocurra la finalización."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:55
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This pattern introduces some hard to notice, implicit code. Reading a "
|
|
|
"function\n"
|
|
|
"gives no clear indication of destructors to be run on exit. This can make\n"
|
|
|
"debugging tricky."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Este patrón introduce un código implícito difícil de notar. Lectura de una "
|
|
|
"función\n"
|
|
|
"no da una indicación clara de los destructores que se ejecutarán en la "
|
|
|
"salida. esto puede hacer\n"
|
|
|
"depuración complicada."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:59
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Requiring an object and `Drop` impl just for finalisation is heavy on "
|
|
|
"boilerplate."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Requerir un objeto y el impl `Drop` solo para la finalización es pesado en "
|
|
|
"el modelo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:63
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"There is some subtlety about how exactly to store the object used as a\n"
|
|
|
"finalizer. It must be kept alive until the end of the function and must then "
|
|
|
"be\n"
|
|
|
"destroyed. The object must always be a value or uniquely owned pointer "
|
|
|
"(e.g.,\n"
|
|
|
"`Box<Foo>`). If a shared pointer (such as `Rc`) is used, then the finalizer "
|
|
|
"can\n"
|
|
|
"be kept alive beyond the lifetime of the function. For similar reasons, the\n"
|
|
|
"finalizer should not be moved or returned."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Hay cierta sutileza sobre cómo almacenar exactamente el objeto utilizado "
|
|
|
"como\n"
|
|
|
"finalizador Debe mantenerse vivo hasta el final de la función y luego debe "
|
|
|
"ser\n"
|
|
|
"destruido. El objeto siempre debe ser un valor o un puntero de propiedad "
|
|
|
"única (por ejemplo,\n"
|
|
|
"`Cuadro<Foo>`). Si se usa un puntero compartido (como `Rc`), entonces el "
|
|
|
"finalizador puede\n"
|
|
|
"mantenerse vivo más allá del tiempo de vida de la función. Por razones "
|
|
|
"similares, el\n"
|
|
|
"el finalizador no debe moverse ni devolverse."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:70
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The finalizer must be assigned into a variable, otherwise it will be "
|
|
|
"destroyed\n"
|
|
|
"immediately, rather than when it goes out of scope. The variable name must "
|
|
|
"start\n"
|
|
|
"with `_` if the variable is only used as a finalizer, otherwise the "
|
|
|
"compiler\n"
|
|
|
"will warn that the finalizer is never used. However, do not call the "
|
|
|
"variable\n"
|
|
|
"`_` with no suffix - in that case it will be destroyed immediately."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El finalizador debe asignarse a una variable, de lo contrario, se destruirá\n"
|
|
|
"inmediatamente, en lugar de cuando se sale del alcance. El nombre de la "
|
|
|
"variable debe comenzar\n"
|
|
|
"con `_` si la variable solo se usa como finalizador, de lo contrario, el "
|
|
|
"compilador\n"
|
|
|
"advertirá que el finalizador nunca se utiliza. Sin embargo, no llame a la "
|
|
|
"variable\n"
|
|
|
"`_` sin sufijo - en ese caso será destruido inmediatamente."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:76
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In Rust, destructors are run when an object goes out of scope. This happens\n"
|
|
|
"whether we reach the end of block, there is an early return, or the program\n"
|
|
|
"panics. When panicking, Rust unwinds the stack running destructors for each\n"
|
|
|
"object in each stack frame. So, destructors get called even if the panic "
|
|
|
"happens\n"
|
|
|
"in a function being called."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En Rust, los destructores se ejecutan cuando un objeto queda fuera del "
|
|
|
"alcance. Esto pasa\n"
|
|
|
"ya sea que lleguemos al final del bloque, que haya un regreso anticipado o "
|
|
|
"que el programa\n"
|
|
|
"entra en pánico Cuando entra en pánico, Rust desenrolla la pila ejecutando "
|
|
|
"destructores para cada\n"
|
|
|
"objeto en cada marco de pila. Entonces, se llama a los destructores incluso "
|
|
|
"si ocurre el pánico.\n"
|
|
|
"en una función que se está llamando."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:82
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If a destructor panics while unwinding, there is no good action to take, so "
|
|
|
"Rust\n"
|
|
|
"aborts the thread immediately, without running further destructors. This "
|
|
|
"means\n"
|
|
|
"that destructors are not absolutely guaranteed to run. It also means that "
|
|
|
"you\n"
|
|
|
"must take extra care in your destructors not to panic, since it could leave\n"
|
|
|
"resources in an unexpected state."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si un destructor entra en pánico mientras se desenrolla, no hay una buena "
|
|
|
"acción que tomar, por lo que Rust\n"
|
|
|
"aborta el subproceso inmediatamente, sin ejecutar más destructores. Esto "
|
|
|
"significa\n"
|
|
|
"que los destructores no están absolutamente garantizados para funcionar. "
|
|
|
"También significa que usted\n"
|
|
|
"debe tener especial cuidado en sus destructores para no entrar en pánico, ya "
|
|
|
"que podría salir\n"
|
|
|
"recursos en un estado inesperado."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/dtor-finally.md:90
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "[RAII guards](../patterns/behavioural/RAII.md)."
|
|
|
msgstr "[Guardias RAII](../patrones/comportamiento/RAII.md)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# `mem::{take(_), replace(_)}` to keep owned values in changed enums"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"# `mem::{take(_), replace(_)}` para mantener los valores propios en las "
|
|
|
"enumeraciones modificadas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Say we have a `&mut MyEnum` which has (at least) two variants,\n"
|
|
|
"`A { name: String, x: u8 }` and `B { name: String }`. Now we want to change\n"
|
|
|
"`MyEnum::A` to a `B` if `x` is zero, while keeping `MyEnum::B` intact."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Digamos que tenemos un `&mut MyEnum` que tiene (al menos) dos variantes,\n"
|
|
|
"`A { nombre: Cadena, x: u8 }` y `B { nombre: Cadena }`. Ahora queremos "
|
|
|
"cambiar\n"
|
|
|
"`MyEnum::A` a `B` si `x` es cero, manteniendo `MyEnum::B` intacto."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:9
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "We can do this without cloning the `name`."
|
|
|
msgstr "Podemos hacer esto sin clonar el `nombre`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:13
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"use std::mem;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"enum MyEnum {\n"
|
|
|
" A { name: String, x: u8 },\n"
|
|
|
" B { name: String }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn a_to_b(e: &mut MyEnum) {\n"
|
|
|
" if let MyEnum::A { name, x: 0 } = e {\n"
|
|
|
" // this takes out our `name` and put in an empty String instead\n"
|
|
|
" // (note that empty strings don't allocate).\n"
|
|
|
" // Then, construct the new enum variant (which will\n"
|
|
|
" // be assigned to `*e`).\n"
|
|
|
" *e = MyEnum::B { name: mem::take(name) }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:32
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "This also works with more variants:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Esto también funciona con más variantes:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:34
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"use std::mem;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"enum MultiVariateEnum {\n"
|
|
|
" A { name: String },\n"
|
|
|
" B { name: String },\n"
|
|
|
" C,\n"
|
|
|
" D\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn swizzle(e: &mut MultiVariateEnum) {\n"
|
|
|
" use MultiVariateEnum::*;\n"
|
|
|
" *e = match e {\n"
|
|
|
" // Ownership rules do not allow taking `name` by value, but we "
|
|
|
"cannot\n"
|
|
|
" // take the value out of a mutable reference, unless we replace it:\n"
|
|
|
" A { name } => B { name: mem::take(name) },\n"
|
|
|
" B { name } => A { name: mem::take(name) },\n"
|
|
|
" C => D,\n"
|
|
|
" D => C\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:59
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"When working with enums, we may want to change an enum value in place, "
|
|
|
"perhaps\n"
|
|
|
"to another variant. This is usually done in two phases to keep the borrow\n"
|
|
|
"checker happy. In the first phase, we observe the existing value and look "
|
|
|
"at\n"
|
|
|
"its parts to decide what to do next. In the second phase we may "
|
|
|
"conditionally\n"
|
|
|
"change the value (as in the example above)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Al trabajar con enumeraciones, es posible que deseemos cambiar un valor de "
|
|
|
"enumeración en su lugar, tal vez\n"
|
|
|
"a otra variante. Esto generalmente se hace en dos fases para mantener el "
|
|
|
"préstamo\n"
|
|
|
"corrector feliz. En la primera fase, observamos el valor existente y "
|
|
|
"miramos\n"
|
|
|
"sus partes para decidir qué hacer a continuación. En la segunda fase podemos "
|
|
|
"condicionalmente\n"
|
|
|
"cambiar el valor (como en el ejemplo anterior)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:65
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The borrow checker won't allow us to take out `name` of the enum (because\n"
|
|
|
"_something_ must be there.) We could of course `.clone()` name and put the "
|
|
|
"clone\n"
|
|
|
"into our `MyEnum::B`, but that would be an instance of the [Clone to satisfy "
|
|
|
"the borrow checker](../anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md) anti-pattern. Anyway, "
|
|
|
"we\n"
|
|
|
"can avoid the extra allocation by changing `e` with only a mutable borrow."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El verificador de préstamos no nos permitirá sacar el `nombre` de la "
|
|
|
"enumeración (porque\n"
|
|
|
"_algo_ debe estar allí.) Podríamos, por supuesto, el nombre `.clone()` y "
|
|
|
"poner el clon\n"
|
|
|
"en nuestro `MyEnum::B`, pero eso sería una instancia del antipatrón [Clonar "
|
|
|
"para satisfacer el comprobador de "
|
|
|
"préstamos](../anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md). De todos modos, nosotros\n"
|
|
|
"puede evitar la asignación adicional cambiando `e` con solo un préstamo "
|
|
|
"mutable."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:70
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"`mem::take` lets us swap out the value, replacing it with it's default "
|
|
|
"value,\n"
|
|
|
"and returning the previous value. For `String`, the default value is an "
|
|
|
"empty\n"
|
|
|
"`String`, which does not need to allocate. As a result, we get the original\n"
|
|
|
"`name` _as an owned value_. We can then wrap this in another enum."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"`mem::take` nos permite intercambiar el valor, reemplazándolo con su valor "
|
|
|
"predeterminado,\n"
|
|
|
"y devolviendo el valor anterior. Para `String`, el valor predeterminado es "
|
|
|
"un vacío\n"
|
|
|
"`String`, que no es necesario asignar. Como resultado, obtenemos el "
|
|
|
"original.\n"
|
|
|
"`nombre` _como valor propio_. Luego podemos envolver esto en otra "
|
|
|
"enumeración."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:75
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"**NOTE:** `mem::replace` is very similar, but allows us to specify what to\n"
|
|
|
"replace the value with. An equivalent to our `mem::take` line would be\n"
|
|
|
"`mem::replace(name, String::new())`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"**NOTA:** `mem::replace` es muy similar, pero nos permite especificar qué\n"
|
|
|
"reemplace el valor con. Un equivalente a nuestra línea `mem::take` sería\n"
|
|
|
"`mem::replace(nombre, Cadena::nuevo())`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:79
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Note, however, that if we are using an `Option` and want to replace its\n"
|
|
|
"value with a `None`, `Option`’s `take()` method provides a shorter and\n"
|
|
|
"more idiomatic alternative."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Tenga en cuenta, sin embargo, que si estamos usando una `Opción` y queremos "
|
|
|
"reemplazar su\n"
|
|
|
"valor con `Ninguno`, el método `take()` de `Option` proporciona un método "
|
|
|
"más corto y\n"
|
|
|
"alternativa más idiomática."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:85
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Look ma, no allocation! Also you may feel like Indiana Jones while doing it."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"¡Mira mamá, no hay asignación! También puedes sentirte como Indiana Jones "
|
|
|
"mientras lo haces."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:89
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This gets a bit wordy. Getting it wrong repeatedly will make you hate the\n"
|
|
|
"borrow checker. The compiler may fail to optimize away the double store,\n"
|
|
|
"resulting in reduced performance as opposed to what you'd do in unsafe\n"
|
|
|
"languages."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto se pone un poco prolijo. Hacerlo mal repetidamente te hará odiar el\n"
|
|
|
"prestador de cheques. El compilador puede fallar al optimizar el almacén "
|
|
|
"doble,\n"
|
|
|
"lo que resulta en un rendimiento reducido en comparación con lo que haría en "
|
|
|
"un entorno inseguro\n"
|
|
|
"idiomas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:94
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Furthermore, the type you are taking needs to implement the [`Default` "
|
|
|
"trait](./default.md). However, if the type you're working with doesn't\n"
|
|
|
"implement this, you can instead use `mem::replace`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Además, el tipo que está tomando debe implementar el [rasgo "
|
|
|
"`Predeterminado`] (./default.md). Sin embargo, si el tipo con el que está "
|
|
|
"trabajando no\n"
|
|
|
"implementar esto, en su lugar puede usar `mem::replace`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:99
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This pattern is only of interest in Rust. In GC'd languages, you'd take the\n"
|
|
|
"reference to the value by default (and the GC would keep track of refs), and "
|
|
|
"in\n"
|
|
|
"other low-level languages like C you'd simply alias the pointer and fix "
|
|
|
"things\n"
|
|
|
"later."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Este patrón solo es de interés en Rust. En los idiomas de GC, tomarías la\n"
|
|
|
"referencia al valor por defecto (y el GC haría un seguimiento de las "
|
|
|
"referencias), y en\n"
|
|
|
"otros lenguajes de bajo nivel como C simplemente haría un alias del puntero "
|
|
|
"y arreglaría las cosas\n"
|
|
|
"más tarde."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:104
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"However, in Rust, we have to do a little more work to do this. An owned "
|
|
|
"value\n"
|
|
|
"may only have one owner, so to take it out, we need to put something back in "
|
|
|
"–\n"
|
|
|
"like Indiana Jones, replacing the artifact with a bag of sand."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, en Rust, tenemos que trabajar un poco más para hacer esto. Un "
|
|
|
"valor propio\n"
|
|
|
"Es posible que solo tenga un propietario, por lo que para sacarlo, debemos "
|
|
|
"volver a colocar algo:\n"
|
|
|
"como Indiana Jones, reemplazando el artefacto con una bolsa de arena."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/mem-replace.md:110
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This gets rid of the [Clone to satisfy the borrow "
|
|
|
"checker](../anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md)\n"
|
|
|
"anti-pattern in a specific case."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto elimina el [Clonar para satisfacer el comprobador de "
|
|
|
"préstamo](../anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md)\n"
|
|
|
"anti-patrón en un caso específico."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# On-Stack Dynamic Dispatch"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Envío dinámico en la pila"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"We can dynamically dispatch over multiple values, however, to do so, we "
|
|
|
"need\n"
|
|
|
"to declare multiple variables to bind differently-typed objects. To extend "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"lifetime as necessary, we can use deferred conditional initialization, as "
|
|
|
"seen\n"
|
|
|
"below:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Podemos despachar dinámicamente sobre múltiples valores, sin embargo, para "
|
|
|
"hacerlo, necesitamos\n"
|
|
|
"para declarar múltiples variables para vincular objetos de diferente tipo. "
|
|
|
"para extender el\n"
|
|
|
"vida útil según sea necesario, podemos usar la inicialización condicional "
|
|
|
"diferida, como se ve\n"
|
|
|
"abajo:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:12
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"use std::io;\n"
|
|
|
"use std::fs;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"# fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {\n"
|
|
|
"# let arg = \"-\";\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// These must live longer than `readable`, and thus are declared first:\n"
|
|
|
"let (mut stdin_read, mut file_read);\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// We need to ascribe the type to get dynamic dispatch.\n"
|
|
|
"let readable: &mut dyn io::Read = if arg == \"-\" {\n"
|
|
|
" stdin_read = io::stdin();\n"
|
|
|
" &mut stdin_read\n"
|
|
|
"} else {\n"
|
|
|
" file_read = fs::File::open(arg)?;\n"
|
|
|
" &mut file_read\n"
|
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// Read from `readable` here.\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"# Ok(())\n"
|
|
|
"# }\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:39
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust monomorphises code by default. This means a copy of the code will be\n"
|
|
|
"generated for each type it is used with and optimized independently. While "
|
|
|
"this\n"
|
|
|
"allows for very fast code on the hot path, it also bloats the code in "
|
|
|
"places\n"
|
|
|
"where performance is not of the essence, thus costing compile time and "
|
|
|
"cache\n"
|
|
|
"usage."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust monomorfiza el código por defecto. Esto significa que una copia del "
|
|
|
"código será\n"
|
|
|
"generado para cada tipo con el que se utiliza y optimizado de forma "
|
|
|
"independiente. Mientras esto\n"
|
|
|
"permite un código muy rápido en la ruta activa, también infla el código en "
|
|
|
"algunos lugares\n"
|
|
|
"donde el rendimiento no es esencial, lo que cuesta tiempo de compilación y "
|
|
|
"caché\n"
|
|
|
"uso."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:45
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Luckily, Rust allows us to use dynamic dispatch, but we have to explicitly "
|
|
|
"ask\n"
|
|
|
"for it."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Afortunadamente, Rust nos permite usar el envío dinámico, pero tenemos que "
|
|
|
"preguntar explícitamente\n"
|
|
|
"para ello."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:50
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"We do not need to allocate anything on the heap. Neither do we need to\n"
|
|
|
"initialize something we won't use later, nor do we need to monomorphize the\n"
|
|
|
"whole code that follows to work with both `File` or `Stdin`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"No necesitamos asignar nada en el montón. Tampoco necesitamos\n"
|
|
|
"inicializar algo que no usaremos más tarde, ni necesitamos monomorfizar el\n"
|
|
|
"código completo que sigue para trabajar con `File` o `Stdin`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:56
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "The code needs more moving parts than the `Box`-based version:"
|
|
|
msgstr "El código necesita más partes móviles que la versión basada en `Box`:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:58
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"// We still need to ascribe the type for dynamic dispatch.\n"
|
|
|
"let readable: Box<dyn io::Read> = if arg == \"-\" {\n"
|
|
|
" Box::new(io::stdin())\n"
|
|
|
"} else {\n"
|
|
|
" Box::new(fs::File::open(arg)?)\n"
|
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
|
"// Read from `readable` here.\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:70
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust newcomers will usually learn that Rust requires all variables to be\n"
|
|
|
"initialized _before use_, so it's easy to overlook the fact that _unused_\n"
|
|
|
"variables may well be uninitialized. Rust works quite hard to ensure that "
|
|
|
"this\n"
|
|
|
"works out fine and only the initialized values are dropped at the end of "
|
|
|
"their\n"
|
|
|
"scope."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Los recién llegados a Rust generalmente aprenderán que Rust requiere que "
|
|
|
"todas las variables sean\n"
|
|
|
"inicializado _antes de su uso_, por lo que es fácil pasar por alto el hecho "
|
|
|
"de que _unused_\n"
|
|
|
"las variables bien pueden no estar inicializadas. Rust trabaja muy duro para "
|
|
|
"garantizar que esto\n"
|
|
|
"funciona bien y solo los valores inicializados se eliminan al final de su\n"
|
|
|
"alcance."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:76
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "The example meets all the constraints Rust places on us:"
|
|
|
msgstr "El ejemplo cumple con todas las restricciones que Rust nos impone:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:78
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- All variables are initialized before using (in this case borrowing) them\n"
|
|
|
"- Each variable only holds values of a single type. In our example, `stdin` "
|
|
|
"is\n"
|
|
|
" of type `Stdin`, `file` is of type `File` and `readable` is of type `&mut "
|
|
|
"dyn Read`\n"
|
|
|
"- Each borrowed value outlives all the references borrowed from it"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- Todas las variables se inicializan antes de usarlas (en este caso, "
|
|
|
"tomarlas prestadas)\n"
|
|
|
"- Cada variable solo contiene valores de un solo tipo. En nuestro ejemplo, "
|
|
|
"`stdin` es\n"
|
|
|
" de tipo `Stdin`, `file` es de tipo `File` y `readable` es de tipo `&mut "
|
|
|
"dyn Read`\n"
|
|
|
"- Cada valor prestado sobrevive a todas las referencias tomadas de él"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/on-stack-dyn-dispatch.md:85
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [Finalisation in destructors](dtor-finally.md) and\n"
|
|
|
" [RAII guards](../patterns/behavioural/RAII.md) can benefit from tight "
|
|
|
"control over\n"
|
|
|
" lifetimes.\n"
|
|
|
"- For conditionally filled `Option<&T>`s of (mutable) references, one can\n"
|
|
|
" initialize an `Option<T>` directly and use its [`.as_ref()`] method to get "
|
|
|
"an\n"
|
|
|
" optional reference."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Finalización en destructores](dtor-finally.md) y\n"
|
|
|
" [Guardias RAII](../patterns/behavioural/RAII.md) pueden beneficiarse de un "
|
|
|
"control estricto sobre\n"
|
|
|
" vidas\n"
|
|
|
"- Para `Option<&T>`s de referencias (mutables) rellenadas condicionalmente, "
|
|
|
"se puede\n"
|
|
|
" inicialice una `Option<T>` directamente y use su método [`.as_ref()`] para "
|
|
|
"obtener una\n"
|
|
|
" referencia opcional."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/intro.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# FFI Idioms"
|
|
|
msgstr "# modismos FFI"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/intro.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Writing FFI code is an entire course in itself.\n"
|
|
|
"However, there are several idioms here that can act as pointers, and avoid\n"
|
|
|
"traps for inexperienced users of `unsafe` Rust."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Escribir código FFI es un curso completo en sí mismo.\n"
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, aquí hay varios modismos que pueden actuar como indicadores y "
|
|
|
"evitar\n"
|
|
|
"trampas para usuarios inexpertos de Rust `inseguro`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/intro.md:7
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "This section contains idioms that may be useful when doing FFI."
|
|
|
msgstr "Esta sección contiene modismos que pueden ser útiles al hacer FFI."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/intro.md:9
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. [Idiomatic Errors](./errors.md) - Error handling with integer codes and\n"
|
|
|
" sentinel return values (such as `NULL` pointers)\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"2. [Accepting Strings](./accepting-strings.md) with minimal unsafe code\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"3. [Passing Strings](./passing-strings.md) to FFI functions"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. [Errores idiomáticos](./errors.md) - Manejo de errores con códigos "
|
|
|
"enteros y\n"
|
|
|
" valores de retorno centinela (como punteros `NULL`)\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"2. [Accepting Strings](./accepting-strings.md) con código inseguro mínimo\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"3. [Pasar cadenas] (./pasar cadenas.md) a funciones FFI"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Error Handling in FFI"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Manejo de errores en FFI"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In foreign languages like C, errors are represented by return codes.\n"
|
|
|
"However, Rust's type system allows much more rich error information to be\n"
|
|
|
"captured and propogated through a full type."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En idiomas extranjeros como C, los errores se representan mediante códigos "
|
|
|
"de retorno.\n"
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, el sistema de tipos de Rust permite obtener información de "
|
|
|
"error mucho más rica.\n"
|
|
|
"capturado y propagado a través de un tipo completo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:9
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This best practice shows different kinds of error codes, and how to expose "
|
|
|
"them\n"
|
|
|
"in a usable way:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esta práctica recomendada muestra diferentes tipos de códigos de error y "
|
|
|
"cómo exponerlos\n"
|
|
|
"de una manera utilizable:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:12
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. Flat Enums should be converted to integers and returned as codes.\n"
|
|
|
"2. Structured Enums should be converted to an integer code with a string "
|
|
|
"error\n"
|
|
|
" message for detail.\n"
|
|
|
"3. Custom Error Types should become \"transparent\", with a C representation."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. Las enumeraciones planas deben convertirse en números enteros y "
|
|
|
"devolverse como códigos.\n"
|
|
|
"2. Las enumeraciones estructuradas deben convertirse a un código entero con "
|
|
|
"un error de cadena\n"
|
|
|
" mensaje para el detalle.\n"
|
|
|
"3. Los tipos de error personalizados deben volverse \"transparentes\", con "
|
|
|
"una representación C."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:17 src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:29
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:26 src\patterns/ffi/export.md:40
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:23
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Code Example"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Ejemplo de código"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:19
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "### Flat Enums"
|
|
|
msgstr "### Enumeraciones planas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:21
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"enum DatabaseError {\n"
|
|
|
" IsReadOnly = 1, // user attempted a write operation\n"
|
|
|
" IOError = 2, // user should read the C errno() for what it was\n"
|
|
|
" FileCorrupted = 3, // user should run a repair tool to recover it\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl From<DatabaseError> for libc::c_int {\n"
|
|
|
" fn from(e: DatabaseError) -> libc::c_int {\n"
|
|
|
" (e as i8).into()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:35
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "### Structured Enums"
|
|
|
msgstr "### Enumeraciones estructuradas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:37
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"pub mod errors {\n"
|
|
|
" enum DatabaseError {\n"
|
|
|
" IsReadOnly,\n"
|
|
|
" IOError(std::io::Error),\n"
|
|
|
" FileCorrupted(String), // message describing the issue\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" impl From<DatabaseError> for libc::c_int {\n"
|
|
|
" fn from(e: DatabaseError) -> libc::c_int {\n"
|
|
|
" match e {\n"
|
|
|
" DatabaseError::IsReadOnly => 1,\n"
|
|
|
" DatabaseError::IOError(_) => 2,\n"
|
|
|
" DatabaseError::FileCorrupted(_) => 3,\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"pub mod c_api {\n"
|
|
|
" use super::errors::DatabaseError;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" #[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
|
" pub extern \"C\" fn db_error_description(\n"
|
|
|
" e: *const DatabaseError\n"
|
|
|
" ) -> *mut libc::c_char {\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let error: &DatabaseError = unsafe {\n"
|
|
|
" // SAFETY: pointer lifetime is greater than the current stack "
|
|
|
"frame\n"
|
|
|
" &*e\n"
|
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let error_str: String = match error {\n"
|
|
|
" DatabaseError::IsReadOnly => {\n"
|
|
|
" format!(\"cannot write to read-only database\");\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" DatabaseError::IOError(e) => {\n"
|
|
|
" format!(\"I/O Error: {}\", e);\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" DatabaseError::FileCorrupted(s) => {\n"
|
|
|
" format!(\"File corrupted, run repair: {}\", &s);\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let c_error = unsafe {\n"
|
|
|
" // SAFETY: copying error_str to an allocated buffer with a NUL\n"
|
|
|
" // character at the end\n"
|
|
|
" let mut malloc: *mut u8 = libc::malloc(error_str.len() + 1) as "
|
|
|
"*mut _;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" if malloc.is_null() {\n"
|
|
|
" return std::ptr::null_mut();\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let src = error_str.as_bytes().as_ptr();\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src, malloc, error_str.len());\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" std::ptr::write(malloc.add(error_str.len()), 0);\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" malloc as *mut libc::c_char\n"
|
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" c_error\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:104
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "### Custom Error Types"
|
|
|
msgstr "### Tipos de errores personalizados"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:106
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"struct ParseError {\n"
|
|
|
" expected: char,\n"
|
|
|
" line: u32,\n"
|
|
|
" ch: u16\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl ParseError { /* ... */ }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"/* Create a second version which is exposed as a C structure */\n"
|
|
|
"#[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct parse_error {\n"
|
|
|
" pub expected: libc::c_char,\n"
|
|
|
" pub line: u32,\n"
|
|
|
" pub ch: u16\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl From<ParseError> for parse_error {\n"
|
|
|
" fn from(e: ParseError) -> parse_error {\n"
|
|
|
" let ParseError { expected, line, ch } = e;\n"
|
|
|
" parse_error { expected, line, ch }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:133
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This ensures that the foreign language has clear access to error "
|
|
|
"information\n"
|
|
|
"while not compromising the Rust code's API at all."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto asegura que el idioma extranjero tenga un acceso claro a la información "
|
|
|
"de error.\n"
|
|
|
"sin comprometer en absoluto la API del código Rust."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/errors.md:138
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"It's a lot of typing, and some types may not be able to be converted easily\n"
|
|
|
"to C."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Es mucho escribir, y es posible que algunos tipos no se puedan convertir "
|
|
|
"fácilmente\n"
|
|
|
"a c"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Accepting Strings"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Aceptar cadenas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"When accepting strings via FFI through pointers, there are two principles "
|
|
|
"that\n"
|
|
|
"should be followed:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Al aceptar cadenas a través de FFI a través de punteros, hay dos principios "
|
|
|
"que\n"
|
|
|
"debe ser seguido:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:8
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. Keep foreign strings \"borrowed\", rather than copying them directly.\n"
|
|
|
"2. Minimize the amount of complexity and `unsafe` code involved in "
|
|
|
"converting\n"
|
|
|
" from a C-style string to native Rust strings."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. Mantenga las cadenas extranjeras \"prestadas\", en lugar de copiarlas "
|
|
|
"directamente.\n"
|
|
|
"2. Minimice la cantidad de complejidad y el código \"inseguro\" involucrado "
|
|
|
"en la conversión\n"
|
|
|
" desde una cadena de estilo C hasta cadenas nativas de Rust."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:14
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The strings used in C have different behaviours to those used in Rust, "
|
|
|
"namely:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Las cadenas utilizadas en C tienen comportamientos diferentes a los "
|
|
|
"utilizados en Rust, a saber:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:16
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- C strings are null-terminated while Rust strings store their length\n"
|
|
|
"- C strings can contain any arbitrary non-zero byte while Rust strings must "
|
|
|
"be\n"
|
|
|
" UTF-8\n"
|
|
|
"- C strings are accessed and manipulated using `unsafe` pointer operations\n"
|
|
|
" while interactions with Rust strings go through safe methods"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- Las cadenas C terminan en nulo, mientras que las cadenas Rust almacenan su "
|
|
|
"longitud\n"
|
|
|
"- Las cadenas C pueden contener cualquier byte arbitrario distinto de cero, "
|
|
|
"mientras que las cadenas Rust deben ser\n"
|
|
|
" UTF-8\n"
|
|
|
"- Se accede a las cadenas C y se manipulan mediante operaciones de puntero "
|
|
|
"\"no seguras\".\n"
|
|
|
" mientras que las interacciones con cadenas de Rust pasan por métodos "
|
|
|
"seguros"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:22
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The Rust standard library comes with C equivalents of Rust's `String` and "
|
|
|
"`&str`\n"
|
|
|
"called `CString` and `&CStr`, that allow us to avoid a lot of the "
|
|
|
"complexity\n"
|
|
|
"and `unsafe` code involved in converting between C strings and Rust strings."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La biblioteca estándar de Rust viene con equivalentes en C de `String` y "
|
|
|
"`&str` de Rust\n"
|
|
|
"llamados `CString` y `&CStr`, que nos permiten evitar mucha de la "
|
|
|
"complejidad\n"
|
|
|
"y código 'inseguro' involucrado en la conversión entre cadenas C y cadenas "
|
|
|
"Rust."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:26
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The `&CStr` type also allows us to work with borrowed data, meaning passing\n"
|
|
|
"strings between Rust and C is a zero-cost operation."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El tipo `&CStr` también nos permite trabajar con datos prestados, lo que "
|
|
|
"significa pasar\n"
|
|
|
"cadenas entre Rust y C es una operación de costo cero."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:31
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"pub mod unsafe_module {\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // other module content\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" /// Log a message at the specified level.\n"
|
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
|
" /// It is the caller's guarantee to ensure `msg`:\n"
|
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
|
" /// - is not a null pointer\n"
|
|
|
" /// - points to valid, initialized data\n"
|
|
|
" /// - points to memory ending in a null byte\n"
|
|
|
" /// - won't be mutated for the duration of this function call\n"
|
|
|
" #[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
|
" pub unsafe extern \"C\" fn mylib_log(\n"
|
|
|
" msg: *const libc::c_char,\n"
|
|
|
" level: libc::c_int\n"
|
|
|
" ) {\n"
|
|
|
" let level: crate::LogLevel = match level { /* ... */ };\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // SAFETY: The caller has already guaranteed this is okay (see the\n"
|
|
|
" // `# Safety` section of the doc-comment).\n"
|
|
|
" let msg_str: &str = match std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(msg).to_str() {\n"
|
|
|
" Ok(s) => s,\n"
|
|
|
" Err(e) => {\n"
|
|
|
" crate::log_error(\"FFI string conversion failed\");\n"
|
|
|
" return;\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" crate::log(msg_str, level);\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:70
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "The example is is written to ensure that:"
|
|
|
msgstr "El ejemplo está escrito para garantizar que:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:72
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. The `unsafe` block is as small as possible.\n"
|
|
|
"2. The pointer with an \"untracked\" lifetime becomes a \"tracked\" shared\n"
|
|
|
" reference"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. El bloque \"inseguro\" es lo más pequeño posible.\n"
|
|
|
"2. El puntero con una vida útil \"sin seguimiento\" se convierte en un "
|
|
|
"puntero compartido \"seguido\"\n"
|
|
|
" referencia"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:76
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Consider an alternative, where the string is actually copied:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Considere una alternativa, donde la cadena en realidad se copia:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:78
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"pub mod unsafe_module {\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // other module content\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub extern \"C\" fn mylib_log(msg: *const libc::c_char, level: "
|
|
|
"libc::c_int) {\n"
|
|
|
" // DO NOT USE THIS CODE.\n"
|
|
|
" // IT IS UGLY, VERBOSE, AND CONTAINS A SUBTLE BUG.\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let level: crate::LogLevel = match level { /* ... */ };\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let msg_len = unsafe { /* SAFETY: strlen is what it is, I guess? */\n"
|
|
|
" libc::strlen(msg)\n"
|
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let mut msg_data = Vec::with_capacity(msg_len + 1);\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let msg_cstr: std::ffi::CString = unsafe {\n"
|
|
|
" // SAFETY: copying from a foreign pointer expected to live\n"
|
|
|
" // for the entire stack frame into owned memory\n"
|
|
|
" std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(msg, msg_data.as_mut(), msg_len);\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" msg_data.set_len(msg_len + 1);\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" std::ffi::CString::from_vec_with_nul(msg_data).unwrap()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let msg_str: String = unsafe {\n"
|
|
|
" match msg_cstr.into_string() {\n"
|
|
|
" Ok(s) => s,\n"
|
|
|
" Err(e) => {\n"
|
|
|
" crate::log_error(\"FFI string conversion failed\");\n"
|
|
|
" return;\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" crate::log(&msg_str, level);\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:120
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "This code in inferior to the original in two respects:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Este código es inferior al original en dos aspectos:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:122
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. There is much more `unsafe` code, and more importantly, more invariants "
|
|
|
"it\n"
|
|
|
" must uphold.\n"
|
|
|
"2. Due to the extensive arithmetic required, there is a bug in this version\n"
|
|
|
" that cases Rust `undefined behaviour`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. Hay mucho más código \"inseguro\" y, lo que es más importante, más "
|
|
|
"invariantes.\n"
|
|
|
" debe sostener.\n"
|
|
|
"2. Debido a la extensa aritmética requerida, hay un error en esta versión\n"
|
|
|
" que casos Rust `comportamiento indefinido`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:127
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The bug here is a simple mistake in pointer arithmetic: the string was "
|
|
|
"copied,\n"
|
|
|
"all `msg_len` bytes of it. However, the `NUL` terminator at the end was not."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El error aquí es un simple error en la aritmética de punteros: la cadena fue "
|
|
|
"copiada,\n"
|
|
|
"todos los `msg_len` bytes del mismo. Sin embargo, el terminador `NUL` al "
|
|
|
"final no lo era."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:130
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The Vector then had its size _set_ to the length of the _zero padded string_ "
|
|
|
"--\n"
|
|
|
"rather than _resized_ to it, which could have added a zero at the end.\n"
|
|
|
"As a result, the last byte in the Vector is uninitialized memory.\n"
|
|
|
"When the `CString` is created at the bottom of the block, its read of the\n"
|
|
|
"Vector will cause `undefined behaviour`!"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Luego, el Vector tenía su tamaño _establecido_ en la longitud de la _cadena "
|
|
|
"con relleno cero_ --\n"
|
|
|
"en lugar de _redimensionarlo_, lo que podría haber agregado un cero al "
|
|
|
"final.\n"
|
|
|
"Como resultado, el último byte del Vector es una memoria no inicializada.\n"
|
|
|
"Cuando se crea el `CString` en la parte inferior del bloque, se lee el\n"
|
|
|
"¡El vector causará un \"comportamiento indefinido\"!"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:136
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Like many such issues, this would be difficult issue to track down.\n"
|
|
|
"Sometimes it would panic because the string was not `UTF-8`, sometimes it "
|
|
|
"would\n"
|
|
|
"put a weird character at the end of the string, sometimes it would just\n"
|
|
|
"completely crash."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Como muchos de estos problemas, este sería un problema difícil de rastrear.\n"
|
|
|
"A veces entraba en pánico porque la cadena no era `UTF-8`, a veces\n"
|
|
|
"poner un carácter extraño al final de la cadena, a veces simplemente\n"
|
|
|
"chocar completamente."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md:143
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:105
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "None?"
|
|
|
msgstr "¿Ninguno?"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Passing Strings"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Cuerdas de paso"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"When passing strings to FFI functions, there are four principles that should "
|
|
|
"be\n"
|
|
|
"followed:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Al pasar cadenas a funciones FFI, hay cuatro principios que deben ser\n"
|
|
|
"seguido:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:8
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. Make the lifetime of owned strings as long as possible.\n"
|
|
|
"2. Minimize `unsafe` code during the conversion.\n"
|
|
|
"3. If the C code can modify the string data, use `Vec` instead of "
|
|
|
"`CString`.\n"
|
|
|
"4. Unless the Foreign Function API requires it, the ownership of the string\n"
|
|
|
" should not transfer to the callee."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. Haga que la vida útil de las cadenas propias sea lo más larga posible.\n"
|
|
|
"2. Minimice el código \"inseguro\" durante la conversión.\n"
|
|
|
"3. Si el código C puede modificar los datos de la cadena, use `Vec` en lugar "
|
|
|
"de `CString`.\n"
|
|
|
"4. A menos que la API de función externa lo requiera, la propiedad de la "
|
|
|
"cadena\n"
|
|
|
" no debe transferirse al destinatario."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:16
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust has built-in support for C-style strings with its `CString` and `CStr`\n"
|
|
|
"types. However, there are different approaches one can take with strings "
|
|
|
"that\n"
|
|
|
"are being sent to a foreign function call from a Rust function."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust tiene soporte incorporado para cadenas de estilo C con su `CString` y "
|
|
|
"`CStr`\n"
|
|
|
"tipos Sin embargo, hay diferentes enfoques que uno puede tomar con cadenas "
|
|
|
"que\n"
|
|
|
"se envían a una llamada de función externa desde una función de Rust."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:20
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The best practice is simple: use `CString` in such a way as to minimize\n"
|
|
|
"`unsafe` code. However, a secondary caveat is that\n"
|
|
|
"_the object must live long enough_, meaning the lifetime should be "
|
|
|
"maximized.\n"
|
|
|
"In addition, the documentation explains that \"round-tripping\" a `CString` "
|
|
|
"after\n"
|
|
|
"modification is UB, so additional work is necessary in that case."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La mejor práctica es simple: use `CString` de tal manera que minimice\n"
|
|
|
"Código `inseguro`. Sin embargo, una advertencia secundaria es que\n"
|
|
|
"_el objeto debe vivir lo suficiente_, lo que significa que la vida útil debe "
|
|
|
"maximizarse.\n"
|
|
|
"Además, la documentación explica que \"viajar de ida y vuelta\" un `CString` "
|
|
|
"después\n"
|
|
|
"la modificación es UB, por lo que se necesita trabajo adicional en ese caso."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:28
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"pub mod unsafe_module {\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // other module content\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
|
" fn seterr(message: *const libc::c_char);\n"
|
|
|
" fn geterr(buffer: *mut libc::c_char, size: libc::c_int) -> "
|
|
|
"libc::c_int;\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn report_error_to_ffi<S: Into<String>>(\n"
|
|
|
" err: S\n"
|
|
|
" ) -> Result<(), std::ffi::NulError>{\n"
|
|
|
" let c_err = std::ffi::CString::new(err.into())?;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
|
" // SAFETY: calling an FFI whose documentation says the pointer "
|
|
|
"is\n"
|
|
|
" // const, so no modification should occur\n"
|
|
|
" seterr(c_err.as_ptr());\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
|
" // The lifetime of c_err continues until here\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn get_error_from_ffi() -> Result<String, std::ffi::IntoStringError> {\n"
|
|
|
" let mut buffer = vec![0u8; 1024];\n"
|
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
|
" // SAFETY: calling an FFI whose documentation implies\n"
|
|
|
" // that the input need only live as long as the call\n"
|
|
|
" let written: usize = geterr(buffer.as_mut_ptr(), 1023).into();\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" buffer.truncate(written + 1);\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" std::ffi::CString::new(buffer).unwrap().into_string()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:70
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "The example is written in a way to ensure that:"
|
|
|
msgstr "El ejemplo está escrito de manera que se asegure que:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:72
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. The `unsafe` block is as small as possible.\n"
|
|
|
"2. The `CString` lives long enough.\n"
|
|
|
"3. Errors with typecasts are always propagated when possible."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. El bloque \"inseguro\" es lo más pequeño posible.\n"
|
|
|
"2. El `CString` vive lo suficiente.\n"
|
|
|
"3. Los errores con typecasts siempre se propagan cuando es posible."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:76
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"A common mistake (so common it's in the documentation) is to not use the\n"
|
|
|
"variable in the first block:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Un error común (tan común que está en la documentación) es no usar el\n"
|
|
|
"variable en el primer bloque:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:79
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"pub mod unsafe_module {\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // other module content\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn report_error<S: Into<String>>(err: S) -> Result<(), "
|
|
|
"std::ffi::NulError> {\n"
|
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
|
" // SAFETY: whoops, this contains a dangling pointer!\n"
|
|
|
" seterr(std::ffi::CString::new(err.into())?.as_ptr());\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:94
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This code will result in a dangling pointer, because the lifetime of the\n"
|
|
|
"`CString` is not extended by the pointer creation, unlike if a reference "
|
|
|
"were\n"
|
|
|
"created."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Este código dará como resultado un puntero colgante, porque la vida útil "
|
|
|
"del\n"
|
|
|
"'CString' no se extiende por la creación del puntero, a diferencia de si una "
|
|
|
"referencia fuera\n"
|
|
|
"creado."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md:98
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Another issue frequently raised is that the initialization of a 1k vector "
|
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
|
"zeroes is \"slow\". However, recent versions of Rust actually optimize that\n"
|
|
|
"particular macro to a call to `zmalloc`, meaning it is as fast as the "
|
|
|
"operating\n"
|
|
|
"system's ability to return zeroed memory (which is quite fast)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Otro problema que se plantea con frecuencia es que la inicialización de un "
|
|
|
"vector de 1k de\n"
|
|
|
"ceros es \"lento\". Sin embargo, las versiones recientes de Rust en realidad "
|
|
|
"optimizan eso\n"
|
|
|
"macro particular a una llamada a `zmalloc`, lo que significa que es tan "
|
|
|
"rápido como el operador\n"
|
|
|
"la capacidad del sistema para devolver la memoria puesta a cero (lo cual es "
|
|
|
"bastante rápido)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/option-iter.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Iterating over an `Option`"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Iterando sobre una `Opción`"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/option-iter.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"`Option` can be viewed as a container that contains either zero or one\n"
|
|
|
"element. In particular, it implements the `IntoIterator` trait, and as such\n"
|
|
|
"can be used with generic code that needs such a type."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"`Opción` se puede ver como un contenedor que contiene cero o uno\n"
|
|
|
"elemento. En particular, implementa el rasgo `IntoIterator`, y como tal\n"
|
|
|
"se puede usar con código genérico que necesita ese tipo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/option-iter.md:9 src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:34
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/unsafe-mods.md:22
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Examples"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Ejemplos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/option-iter.md:11
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Since `Option` implements `IntoIterator`, it can be used as an argument to\n"
|
|
|
"[`.extend()`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Extend.html#tymethod.extend):"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Dado que `Option` implementa `IntoIterator`, se puede usar como argumento "
|
|
|
"para\n"
|
|
|
"[`.extend()`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Extend.html#tymethod.extend):"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/option-iter.md:14
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"let turing = Some(\"Turing\");\n"
|
|
|
"let mut logicians = vec![\"Curry\", \"Kleene\", \"Markov\"];\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"logicians.extend(turing);\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// equivalent to\n"
|
|
|
"if let Some(turing_inner) = turing {\n"
|
|
|
" logicians.push(turing_inner);\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/option-iter.md:26
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If you need to tack an `Option` to the end of an existing iterator, you can\n"
|
|
|
"pass it to "
|
|
|
"[`.chain()`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.chain):"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si necesita agregar una `Opción` al final de un iterador existente, puede\n"
|
|
|
"páselo a "
|
|
|
"[`.chain()`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.chain):"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/option-iter.md:29
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"let turing = Some(\"Turing\");\n"
|
|
|
"let logicians = vec![\"Curry\", \"Kleene\", \"Markov\"];\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"for logician in logicians.iter().chain(turing.iter()) {\n"
|
|
|
" println!(\"{} is a logician\", logician);\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/option-iter.md:38
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Note that if the `Option` is always `Some`, then it is more idiomatic to "
|
|
|
"use\n"
|
|
|
"[`std::iter::once`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/fn.once.html) on the\n"
|
|
|
"element instead."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Tenga en cuenta que si la `Opción` siempre es `Algunos`, entonces es más "
|
|
|
"idiomático de usar\n"
|
|
|
"[`std::iter::once`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/fn.once.html) en el\n"
|
|
|
"elemento en su lugar."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/option-iter.md:42
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Also, since `Option` implements `IntoIterator`, it's possible to iterate "
|
|
|
"over\n"
|
|
|
"it using a `for` loop. This is equivalent to matching it with `if let "
|
|
|
"Some(..)`,\n"
|
|
|
"and in most cases you should prefer the latter."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Además, dado que `Option` implementa `IntoIterator`, es posible iterar "
|
|
|
"sobre\n"
|
|
|
"usando un bucle `for`. Esto es equivalente a emparejarlo con `if let "
|
|
|
"Some(...)`,\n"
|
|
|
"y en la mayoría de los casos deberías preferir lo último."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/option-iter.md:48
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [`std::iter::once`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/fn.once.html) is "
|
|
|
"an\n"
|
|
|
" iterator which yields exactly one element. It's a more readable "
|
|
|
"alternative to\n"
|
|
|
" `Some(foo).into_iter()`.\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- "
|
|
|
"[`Iterator::filter_map`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.filter_map)\n"
|
|
|
" is a version of "
|
|
|
"[`Iterator::map`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.map),\n"
|
|
|
" specialized to mapping functions which return `Option`.\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- The [`ref_slice`](https://crates.io/crates/ref_slice) crate provides "
|
|
|
"functions\n"
|
|
|
" for converting an `Option` to a zero- or one-element slice.\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- [Documentation for "
|
|
|
"`Option<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/enum.Option.html)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [`std::iter::once`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/fn.once.html) es "
|
|
|
"un\n"
|
|
|
" iterador que produce exactamente un elemento. Es una alternativa más "
|
|
|
"legible a\n"
|
|
|
" `Algunos(foo).into_iter()`.\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- "
|
|
|
"[`Iterador::filter_map`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.filter_map)\n"
|
|
|
" es una versión de "
|
|
|
"[`Iterator::map`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.map),\n"
|
|
|
" especializado en funciones de mapeo que devuelven `Opción`.\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- La caja [`ref_slice`](https://crates.io/crates/ref_slice) proporciona "
|
|
|
"funciones\n"
|
|
|
" para convertir una `Opción` en una rebanada de cero o un elemento.\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- [Documentación para "
|
|
|
"`Option<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/enum.Option.html)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Pass variables to closure"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Pasar variables al cierre"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"By default, closures capture their environment by borrowing. Or you can use\n"
|
|
|
"`move`-closure to move whole environment. However, often you want to move "
|
|
|
"just\n"
|
|
|
"some variables to closure, give it copy of some data, pass it by reference, "
|
|
|
"or\n"
|
|
|
"perform some other transformation."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"De forma predeterminada, los cierres capturan su entorno tomando prestado. O "
|
|
|
"puedes usar\n"
|
|
|
"cierre `mover` para mover todo el entorno. Sin embargo, a menudo desea "
|
|
|
"moverse solo\n"
|
|
|
"algunas variables para el cierre, darle copia de algunos datos, pasarlo por "
|
|
|
"referencia, o\n"
|
|
|
"realizar alguna otra transformación."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:10
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Use variable rebinding in separate scope for that."
|
|
|
msgstr "Use la revinculación de variables en un alcance separado para eso."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:14
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Use"
|
|
|
msgstr "Usar"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:16
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"use std::rc::Rc;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"let num1 = Rc::new(1);\n"
|
|
|
"let num2 = Rc::new(2);\n"
|
|
|
"let num3 = Rc::new(3);\n"
|
|
|
"let closure = {\n"
|
|
|
" // `num1` is moved\n"
|
|
|
" let num2 = num2.clone(); // `num2` is cloned\n"
|
|
|
" let num3 = num3.as_ref(); // `num3` is borrowed\n"
|
|
|
" move || {\n"
|
|
|
" *num1 + *num2 + *num3;\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:32
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "instead of"
|
|
|
msgstr "en lugar de"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:34
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"use std::rc::Rc;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"let num1 = Rc::new(1);\n"
|
|
|
"let num2 = Rc::new(2);\n"
|
|
|
"let num3 = Rc::new(3);\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"let num2_cloned = num2.clone();\n"
|
|
|
"let num3_borrowed = num3.as_ref();\n"
|
|
|
"let closure = move || {\n"
|
|
|
" *num1 + *num2_cloned + *num3_borrowed;\n"
|
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:50
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Copied data are grouped together with closure definition, so their purpose "
|
|
|
"is\n"
|
|
|
"more clear, and they will be dropped immediately even if they are not "
|
|
|
"consumed\n"
|
|
|
"by closure."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Los datos copiados se agrupan junto con la definición de cierre, por lo que "
|
|
|
"su propósito es\n"
|
|
|
"más claras, y se dejarán caer inmediatamente incluso si no se consumen\n"
|
|
|
"por cierre."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:54
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Closure uses same variable names as surrounding code whether data are copied "
|
|
|
"or\n"
|
|
|
"moved."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El cierre usa los mismos nombres de variables que el código circundante, ya "
|
|
|
"sea que los datos se copien o\n"
|
|
|
"movido."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/pass-var-to-closure.md:59
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Additional indentation of closure body."
|
|
|
msgstr "Muesca adicional del cuerpo del cierre."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# `#[non_exhaustive]` and private fields for extensibility"
|
|
|
msgstr "# `#[no_exhaustivo]` y campos privados para extensibilidad"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"A small set of scenarios exist where a library author may want to add "
|
|
|
"public\n"
|
|
|
"fields to a public struct or new variants to an enum without breaking "
|
|
|
"backwards\n"
|
|
|
"compatibility."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Existe un pequeño conjunto de escenarios en los que un autor de la "
|
|
|
"biblioteca puede querer agregar público\n"
|
|
|
"campos a una estructura pública o nuevas variantes a una enumeración sin "
|
|
|
"retroceder\n"
|
|
|
"compatibilidad."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:9
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Rust offers two solutions to this problem:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Rust ofrece dos soluciones a este problema:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:11
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- Use `#[non_exhaustive]` on `struct`s, `enum`s, and `enum` variants.\n"
|
|
|
" For extensive documentation on all the places where `#[non_exhaustive]` "
|
|
|
"can be\n"
|
|
|
" used, see [the "
|
|
|
"docs](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/attributes/type_system.html#the-non_exhaustive-attribute).\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- You may add a private field to a struct to prevent it from being directly\n"
|
|
|
" instantiated or matched against (see Alternative)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- Use `#[non_exhaustive]` en las variantes `struct`s, `enum`s y `enum`.\n"
|
|
|
" Para obtener documentación detallada sobre todos los lugares donde "
|
|
|
"`#[non_exhaustive]` puede ser\n"
|
|
|
" utilizado, consulte [los documentos] "
|
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/attributes/type_system.html#the-non_exhaustive-attribute).\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- Puede agregar un campo privado a una estructura para evitar que sea "
|
|
|
"directamente\n"
|
|
|
" instanciado o comparado con (ver Alternativa)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:20
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"mod a {\n"
|
|
|
" // Public struct.\n"
|
|
|
" #[non_exhaustive]\n"
|
|
|
" pub struct S {\n"
|
|
|
" pub foo: i32,\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" \n"
|
|
|
" #[non_exhaustive]\n"
|
|
|
" pub enum AdmitMoreVariants {\n"
|
|
|
" VariantA,\n"
|
|
|
" VariantB,\n"
|
|
|
" #[non_exhaustive]\n"
|
|
|
" VariantC { a: String }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn print_matched_variants(s: a::S) {\n"
|
|
|
" // Because S is `#[non_exhaustive]`, it cannot be named here and\n"
|
|
|
" // we must use `..` in the pattern.\n"
|
|
|
" let a::S { foo: _, ..} = s;\n"
|
|
|
" \n"
|
|
|
" let some_enum = a::AdmitMoreVariants::VariantA;\n"
|
|
|
" match some_enum {\n"
|
|
|
" a::AdmitMoreVariants::VariantA => println!(\"it's an A\"),\n"
|
|
|
" a::AdmitMoreVariants::VariantB => println!(\"it's a b\"),\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // .. required because this variant is non-exhaustive as well\n"
|
|
|
" a::AdmitMoreVariants::VariantC { a, .. } => println!(\"it's a c\"),\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // The wildcard match is required because more variants may be\n"
|
|
|
" // added in the future\n"
|
|
|
" _ => println!(\"it's a new variant\")\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:57
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Alternative: `Private fields` for structs"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Alternativa: `Campos privados` para estructuras"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:59
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"`#[non_exhaustive]` only works across crate boundaries.\n"
|
|
|
"Within a crate, the private field method may be used."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"`#[non_exhaustive]` solo funciona a través de los límites de las cajas.\n"
|
|
|
"Dentro de una caja, se puede utilizar el método de campo privado."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:62
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Adding a field to a struct is a mostly backwards compatible change.\n"
|
|
|
"However, if a client uses a pattern to deconstruct a struct instance, they\n"
|
|
|
"might name all the fields in the struct and adding a new one would break "
|
|
|
"that\n"
|
|
|
"pattern.\n"
|
|
|
"The client could name some fields and use `..` in the pattern, in which case "
|
|
|
"adding\n"
|
|
|
"another field is backwards compatible.\n"
|
|
|
"Making at least one of the struct's fields private forces clients to use the "
|
|
|
"latter\n"
|
|
|
"form of patterns, ensuring that the struct is future-proof."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Agregar un campo a una estructura es un cambio en su mayoría compatible con "
|
|
|
"versiones anteriores.\n"
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, si un cliente usa un patrón para deconstruir una instancia de "
|
|
|
"estructura,\n"
|
|
|
"podría nombrar todos los campos en la estructura y agregar uno nuevo "
|
|
|
"rompería eso\n"
|
|
|
"patrón.\n"
|
|
|
"El cliente podría nombrar algunos campos y usar `..` en el patrón, en cuyo "
|
|
|
"caso agregando\n"
|
|
|
"otro campo es compatible con versiones anteriores.\n"
|
|
|
"Hacer que al menos uno de los campos de la estructura sea privado obliga a "
|
|
|
"los clientes a usar este último\n"
|
|
|
"forma de patrones, asegurando que la estructura esté preparada para el "
|
|
|
"futuro."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:71
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The downside of this approach is that you might need to add an otherwise "
|
|
|
"unneeded\n"
|
|
|
"field to the struct.\n"
|
|
|
"You can use the `()` type so that there is no runtime overhead and prepend "
|
|
|
"`_` to\n"
|
|
|
"the field name to avoid the unused field warning."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La desventaja de este enfoque es que es posible que deba agregar un\n"
|
|
|
"campo a la estructura.\n"
|
|
|
"Puede usar el tipo `()` para que no haya sobrecarga de tiempo de ejecución y "
|
|
|
"anteponer `_` a\n"
|
|
|
"el nombre del campo para evitar la advertencia de campo no utilizado."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:76
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct S {\n"
|
|
|
" pub a: i32,\n"
|
|
|
" // Because `b` is private, you cannot match on `S` without using `..` "
|
|
|
"and `S`\n"
|
|
|
" // cannot be directly instantiated or matched against\n"
|
|
|
" _b: ()\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:87
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"On `struct`s, `#[non_exhaustive]` allows adding additional fields in a "
|
|
|
"backwards\n"
|
|
|
"compatible way.\n"
|
|
|
"It will also prevent clients from using the struct constructor, even if all "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"fields are public.\n"
|
|
|
"This may be helpful, but it's worth considering if you _want_ an additional "
|
|
|
"field\n"
|
|
|
"to be found by clients as a compiler error rather than something that may be "
|
|
|
"silently\n"
|
|
|
"undiscovered."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En `struct`s, `#[non_exhaustive]` permite agregar campos adicionales al "
|
|
|
"revés\n"
|
|
|
"forma compatible.\n"
|
|
|
"También evitará que los clientes usen el constructor de estructuras, incluso "
|
|
|
"si todos los\n"
|
|
|
"Los campos son públicos.\n"
|
|
|
"Esto puede ser útil, pero vale la pena considerarlo si _quiere_ un campo "
|
|
|
"adicional\n"
|
|
|
"ser encontrado por los clientes como un error del compilador en lugar de "
|
|
|
"algo que puede ser silenciosamente\n"
|
|
|
"sin descubrir"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:95
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"`#[non_exhaustive]` can be applied to enum variants as well.\n"
|
|
|
"A `#[non_exhaustive]` variant behaves in the same way as a "
|
|
|
"`#[non_exhaustive]` struct."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"`#[non_exhaustive]` también se puede aplicar a las variantes de "
|
|
|
"enumeración.\n"
|
|
|
"Una variante `#[no_exhaustiva]` se comporta de la misma manera que una "
|
|
|
"estructura `#[no_exhaustiva]`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:98
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Use this deliberately and with caution: incrementing the major version when "
|
|
|
"adding\n"
|
|
|
"fields or variants is often a better option.\n"
|
|
|
"`#[non_exhaustive]` may be appropriate in scenarios where you're modeling an "
|
|
|
"external\n"
|
|
|
"resource that may change out-of-sync with your library, but is not a general "
|
|
|
"purpose\n"
|
|
|
"tool."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Use esto deliberadamente y con precaución: incrementando la versión "
|
|
|
"principal al agregar\n"
|
|
|
"campos o variantes suele ser una mejor opción.\n"
|
|
|
"`#[non_exhaustive]` puede ser apropiado en escenarios en los que está "
|
|
|
"modelando un\n"
|
|
|
"recurso que puede cambiar fuera de sincronización con su biblioteca, pero no "
|
|
|
"es un propósito general\n"
|
|
|
"herramienta."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:104
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "### Disadvantages"
|
|
|
msgstr "### Desventajas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:106
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"`#[non_exhaustive]` can make your code much less ergonomic to use, "
|
|
|
"especially when\n"
|
|
|
"forced to handle unknown enum variants.\n"
|
|
|
"It should only be used when these sorts of evolutions are required "
|
|
|
"**without**\n"
|
|
|
"incrementing the major version."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"`#[non_exhaustive]` puede hacer que su código sea mucho menos ergonómico de "
|
|
|
"usar, especialmente cuando\n"
|
|
|
"forzado a manejar variantes de enumeración desconocidas.\n"
|
|
|
"Solo debe usarse cuando se requieren este tipo de evoluciones **sin**\n"
|
|
|
"incrementando la versión principal."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:111
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"When `#[non_exhaustive]` is applied to `enum`s, it forces clients to handle "
|
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
|
"wildcard variant.\n"
|
|
|
"If there is no sensible action to take in this case, this may lead to "
|
|
|
"awkward\n"
|
|
|
"code and code paths that are only executed in extremely rare circumstances.\n"
|
|
|
"If a client decides to `panic!()` in this scenario, it may have been better "
|
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
|
"expose this error at compile time.\n"
|
|
|
"In fact, `#[non_exhaustive]` forces clients to handle the \"Something else\" "
|
|
|
"case;\n"
|
|
|
"there is rarely a sensible action to take in this scenario."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/priv-extend.md:122
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [RFC introducing #[non_exhaustive] attribute for enums and "
|
|
|
"structs](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/2008-non-exhaustive.md)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [RFC presenta el atributo #[no_exhaustivo] para enumeraciones y "
|
|
|
"estructuras](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/2008-non-exhaustive.md)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Easy doc initialization\r"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Fácil inicialización de documentos\r"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If a struct takes significant effort to initialize when writing docs, it can "
|
|
|
"be\r\n"
|
|
|
"quicker to wrap your example with a helper function which takes the struct "
|
|
|
"as an\r\n"
|
|
|
"argument."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si una estructura requiere un esfuerzo significativo para inicializarse al "
|
|
|
"escribir documentos, puede ser\r\n"
|
|
|
"más rápido para envolver su ejemplo con una función de ayuda que toma la "
|
|
|
"estructura como una\r\n"
|
|
|
"argumento."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:9
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Motivation\r"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Motivación\r"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:11
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Sometimes there is a struct with multiple or complicated parameters and "
|
|
|
"several\r\n"
|
|
|
"methods. Each of these methods should have examples."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"A veces hay una estructura con parámetros múltiples o complicados y "
|
|
|
"varios\r\n"
|
|
|
"métodos. Cada uno de estos métodos debe tener ejemplos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:14
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "For example:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Por ejemplo:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:16
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"````rust,ignore\r\n"
|
|
|
"struct Connection {\r\n"
|
|
|
" name: String,\r\n"
|
|
|
" stream: TcpStream,\r\n"
|
|
|
"}\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r\n"
|
|
|
"impl Connection {\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// Sends a request over the connection.\r\n"
|
|
|
" ///\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// # Example\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// ```no_run\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// # // Boilerplate are required to get an example working.\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// # let stream = TcpStream::connect(\"127.0.0.1:34254\");\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// # let connection = Connection { name: \"foo\".to_owned(), stream "
|
|
|
"};\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// # let request = Request::new(\"RequestId\", RequestType::Get, "
|
|
|
"\"payload\");\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// let response = connection.send_request(request);\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// assert!(response.is_ok());\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// ```\r\n"
|
|
|
" fn send_request(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Status, SendErr> {\r\n"
|
|
|
" // ...\r\n"
|
|
|
" }\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// Oh no, all that boilerplate needs to be repeated here!\r\n"
|
|
|
" fn check_status(&self) -> Status {\r\n"
|
|
|
" // ...\r\n"
|
|
|
" }\r\n"
|
|
|
"}\r\n"
|
|
|
"````"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:45
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Example\r"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Ejemplo\r"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:47
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Instead of typing all of this boilerplate to create a `Connection` and\r\n"
|
|
|
"`Request`, it is easier to just create a wrapping helper function which "
|
|
|
"takes\r\n"
|
|
|
"them as arguments:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En lugar de escribir todo este texto repetitivo para crear una `Conexión` "
|
|
|
"y\r\n"
|
|
|
"`Solicitud`, es más fácil simplemente crear una función auxiliar de "
|
|
|
"envoltura que tome\r\n"
|
|
|
"ellos como argumentos:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:51
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"````rust,ignore\r\n"
|
|
|
"struct Connection {\r\n"
|
|
|
" name: String,\r\n"
|
|
|
" stream: TcpStream,\r\n"
|
|
|
"}\r\n"
|
|
|
"\r\n"
|
|
|
"impl Connection {\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// Sends a request over the connection.\r\n"
|
|
|
" ///\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// # Example\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// ```\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// # fn call_send(connection: Connection, request: Request) {\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// let response = connection.send_request(request);\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// assert!(response.is_ok());\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// # }\r\n"
|
|
|
" /// ```\r\n"
|
|
|
" fn send_request(&self, request: Request) {\r\n"
|
|
|
" // ...\r\n"
|
|
|
" }\r\n"
|
|
|
"}\r\n"
|
|
|
"````"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:73
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"**Note** in the above example the line `assert!(response.is_ok());` will "
|
|
|
"not\r\n"
|
|
|
"actually run while testing because it is inside a function which is never\r\n"
|
|
|
"invoked."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:77
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Advantages\r"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Ventajas\r"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:79
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "This is much more concise and avoids repetitive code in examples."
|
|
|
msgstr "Esto es mucho más conciso y evita el código repetitivo en los ejemplos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:81
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Disadvantages\r"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Desventajas\r"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:83
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"As example is in a function, the code will not be tested. Though it will "
|
|
|
"still be\r\n"
|
|
|
"checked to make sure it compiles when running a `cargo test`. So this "
|
|
|
"pattern is\r\n"
|
|
|
"most useful when you need `no_run`. With this, you do not need to add "
|
|
|
"`no_run`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Como el ejemplo está en una función, el código no se probará. Aunque seguirá "
|
|
|
"siendo\r\n"
|
|
|
"verificado para asegurarse de que compila cuando se ejecuta una `prueba de "
|
|
|
"carga`. Así que este patrón es\r\n"
|
|
|
"más útil cuando necesitas `no_run`. Con esto, no necesita agregar `no_run`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:87
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Discussion\r"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Discusión\r"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:89
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "If assertions are not required this pattern works well."
|
|
|
msgstr "Si no se requieren aserciones, este patrón funciona bien."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/rustdoc-init.md:91
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If they are, an alternative can be to create a public method to create a "
|
|
|
"helper\r\n"
|
|
|
"instance which is annotated with `#[doc(hidden)]` (so that users won't see "
|
|
|
"it).\r\n"
|
|
|
"Then this method can be called inside of rustdoc because it is part of "
|
|
|
"the\r\n"
|
|
|
"crate's public API."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si lo son, una alternativa puede ser crear un método público para crear un "
|
|
|
"ayudante.\r\n"
|
|
|
"instancia que está anotada con `#[doc(hidden)]` (para que los usuarios no la "
|
|
|
"vean).\r\n"
|
|
|
"Entonces este método se puede llamar dentro de rustdoc porque es parte "
|
|
|
"del\r\n"
|
|
|
"API pública de crate."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Temporary mutability"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Mutabilidad temporal"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Often it is necessary to prepare and process some data, but after that data "
|
|
|
"are\n"
|
|
|
"only inspected and never modified. The intention can be made explicit by "
|
|
|
"redefining\n"
|
|
|
"the mutable variable as immutable."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"A menudo es necesario preparar y procesar algunos datos, pero después de eso "
|
|
|
"los datos son\n"
|
|
|
"solo inspeccionado y nunca modificado. La intención puede hacerse explícita "
|
|
|
"redefiniendo\n"
|
|
|
"la variable mutable como inmutable."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:9
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"It can be done either by processing data within a nested block or by "
|
|
|
"redefining\n"
|
|
|
"the variable."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Se puede hacer procesando datos dentro de un bloque anidado o redefiniendo\n"
|
|
|
"La variable."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:14
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Say, vector must be sorted before usage."
|
|
|
msgstr "Digamos que el vector debe ordenarse antes de su uso."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:16
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Using nested block:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Usando bloque anidado:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:18
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"let data = {\n"
|
|
|
" let mut data = get_vec();\n"
|
|
|
" data.sort();\n"
|
|
|
" data\n"
|
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// Here `data` is immutable.\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:28
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Using variable rebinding:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Usando el reenlace variable:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:30
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"let mut data = get_vec();\n"
|
|
|
"data.sort();\n"
|
|
|
"let data = data;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// Here `data` is immutable.\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:40
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Compiler ensures that you don't accidentally mutate data after some point."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El compilador garantiza que no mute accidentalmente los datos después de "
|
|
|
"algún momento."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/temporary-mutability.md:44
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Nested block requires additional indentation of block body.\n"
|
|
|
"One more line to return data from block or redefine variable."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El bloque anidado requiere sangría adicional del cuerpo del bloque.\n"
|
|
|
"Una línea más para devolver datos del bloque o redefinir variable."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/return-consumed-arg-on-error.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Return consumed argument on error"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Devolver argumento consumido en caso de error"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/return-consumed-arg-on-error.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If a fallible function consumes (moves) an argument, return that argument "
|
|
|
"back inside\n"
|
|
|
"an error."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si una función falible consume (mueve) un argumento, devuelva ese argumento "
|
|
|
"al interior\n"
|
|
|
"un error."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/return-consumed-arg-on-error.md:10
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"pub fn send(value: String) -> Result<(), SendError> {\n"
|
|
|
" println!(\"using {value} in a meaningful way\");\n"
|
|
|
" // Simulate non-deterministic fallible action.\n"
|
|
|
" use std::time::SystemTime;\n"
|
|
|
" let period = "
|
|
|
"SystemTime::now().duration_since(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();\n"
|
|
|
" if period.subsec_nanos() % 2 == 1 {\n"
|
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
|
" Err(SendError(value))\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct SendError(String);\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let mut value = \"imagine this is very long string\".to_string();\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let success = 's: {\n"
|
|
|
" // Try to send value two times.\n"
|
|
|
" for _ in 0..2 {\n"
|
|
|
" value = match send(value) {\n"
|
|
|
" Ok(()) => break 's true,\n"
|
|
|
" Err(SendError(value)) => value,\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" false\n"
|
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" println!(\"success: {}\", success);\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/return-consumed-arg-on-error.md:45
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In case of error you may want to try some alternative way or to\n"
|
|
|
"retry action in case of non-deterministic function. But if the argument\n"
|
|
|
"is always consumed, you are forced to clone it on every call, which\n"
|
|
|
"is not very efficient."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En caso de error, es posible que desee probar alguna forma alternativa o\n"
|
|
|
"reintentar la acción en caso de función no determinista. Pero si el "
|
|
|
"argumento\n"
|
|
|
"siempre se consume, se ve obligado a clonarlo en cada llamada, lo que\n"
|
|
|
"no es muy eficiente."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/return-consumed-arg-on-error.md:50
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The standard library uses this approach in e.g. `String::from_utf8` method.\n"
|
|
|
"When given a vector that doesn't contain valid UTF-8, a `FromUtf8Error`\n"
|
|
|
"is returned.\n"
|
|
|
"You can get original vector back using `FromUtf8Error::into_bytes` method."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La biblioteca estándar utiliza este enfoque en, p. Método "
|
|
|
"`String::from_utf8`.\n"
|
|
|
"Cuando se le da un vector que no contiene UTF-8 válido, un `FromUtf8Error`\n"
|
|
|
"es regresado.\n"
|
|
|
"Puede recuperar el vector original usando el método "
|
|
|
"`FromUtf8Error::into_bytes`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/return-consumed-arg-on-error.md:57
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Better performance because of moving arguments whenever possible."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Mejor rendimiento debido a los argumentos en movimiento siempre que sea "
|
|
|
"posible."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\idioms/return-consumed-arg-on-error.md:61
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Slightly more complex error types."
|
|
|
msgstr "Tipos de error ligeramente más complejos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/index.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Design Patterns"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Patrones de diseño"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/index.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"[Design patterns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_design_pattern) "
|
|
|
"are\n"
|
|
|
"\"general reusable solutions to a commonly occurring problem within a given\n"
|
|
|
"context in software design\". Design patterns are a great way to describe "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"culture of a programming language. Design patterns are very "
|
|
|
"language-specific -\n"
|
|
|
"what is a pattern in one language may be unnecessary in another due to a\n"
|
|
|
"language feature, or impossible to express due to a missing feature."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"[Patrones de diseño](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_design_pattern) "
|
|
|
"son\n"
|
|
|
"\"soluciones generales reutilizables para un problema común dentro de un "
|
|
|
"determinado\n"
|
|
|
"contexto en el diseño de software\". Los patrones de diseño son una "
|
|
|
"excelente manera de describir el\n"
|
|
|
"cultura de un lenguaje de programación. Los patrones de diseño son muy "
|
|
|
"específicos del idioma:\n"
|
|
|
"lo que es un patrón en un idioma puede ser innecesario en otro debido a una\n"
|
|
|
"característica del idioma, o imposible de expresar debido a la falta de una "
|
|
|
"característica."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/index.md:10
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If overused, design patterns can add unnecessary complexity to programs.\n"
|
|
|
"However, they are a great way to share intermediate and advanced level "
|
|
|
"knowledge\n"
|
|
|
"about a programming language."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si se usan en exceso, los patrones de diseño pueden agregar una complejidad "
|
|
|
"innecesaria a los programas.\n"
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, son una excelente manera de compartir conocimientos de nivel "
|
|
|
"intermedio y avanzado.\n"
|
|
|
"sobre un lenguaje de programación."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/index.md:16
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust has many unique features. These features give us great benefit by "
|
|
|
"removing\n"
|
|
|
"whole classes of problems. Some of them are also patterns that are _unique_ "
|
|
|
"to Rust."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust tiene muchas características únicas. Estas características nos brindan "
|
|
|
"un gran beneficio al eliminar\n"
|
|
|
"Clases enteras de problemas. Algunos de ellos también son patrones que son "
|
|
|
"_exclusivos_ de Rust."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/index.md:19
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## YAGNI"
|
|
|
msgstr "## YAGNI"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/index.md:21
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"YAGNI is an acronym that stands for `You Aren't Going to Need It`.\n"
|
|
|
"It's a vital software design principle to apply as you write code."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"YAGNI es un acrónimo que significa `No lo vas a necesitar'.\n"
|
|
|
"Es un principio vital de diseño de software para aplicar mientras escribe "
|
|
|
"código."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/index.md:24
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "> The best code I ever wrote was code I never wrote."
|
|
|
msgstr "> El mejor código que jamás escribí fue código que nunca escribí."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/index.md:26
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If we apply YAGNI to design patterns, we see that the features of Rust allow "
|
|
|
"us to\n"
|
|
|
"throw out many patterns. For instance, there is no need for the [strategy "
|
|
|
"pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy_pattern)\n"
|
|
|
"in Rust because we can just use "
|
|
|
"[traits](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/traits.html)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si aplicamos YAGNI a los patrones de diseño, vemos que las características "
|
|
|
"de Rust nos permiten\n"
|
|
|
"tirar muchos patrones. Por ejemplo, no es necesario el [patrón de "
|
|
|
"estrategia] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy_pattern)\n"
|
|
|
"en Rust porque solo podemos usar "
|
|
|
"[traits](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/traits.html)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/intro.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Behavioural Patterns"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Patrones de comportamiento"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/intro.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "From [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_pattern):"
|
|
|
msgstr "De [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_pattern):"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/intro.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"> Design patterns that identify common communication patterns among "
|
|
|
"objects.\n"
|
|
|
"> By doing so, these patterns increase flexibility in carrying out "
|
|
|
"communication."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"> Patrones de diseño que identifican patrones de comunicación comunes entre "
|
|
|
"objetos.\n"
|
|
|
"> Al hacerlo, estos patrones aumentan la flexibilidad en la realización de "
|
|
|
"la comunicación."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Command"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Dominio"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The basic idea of the Command pattern is to separate out actions into its "
|
|
|
"own\n"
|
|
|
"objects and pass them as parameters."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La idea básica del patrón Comando es separar las acciones en sus propias\n"
|
|
|
"objetos y pasarlos como parámetros."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:10
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Suppose we have a sequence of actions or transactions encapsulated as "
|
|
|
"objects.\n"
|
|
|
"We want these actions or commands to be executed or invoked in some order "
|
|
|
"later\n"
|
|
|
"at different time. These commands may also be triggered as a result of some "
|
|
|
"event.\n"
|
|
|
"For example, when a user pushes a button, or on arrival of a data packet.\n"
|
|
|
"In addition, these commands might be undoable. This may come in useful for\n"
|
|
|
"operations of an editor. We might want to store logs of executed commands so "
|
|
|
"that\n"
|
|
|
"we could reapply the changes later if the system crashes."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Supongamos que tenemos una secuencia de acciones o transacciones "
|
|
|
"encapsuladas como objetos.\n"
|
|
|
"Queremos que estas acciones o comandos se ejecuten o invoquen en algún orden "
|
|
|
"más adelante\n"
|
|
|
"en tiempo diferente. Estos comandos también pueden activarse como resultado "
|
|
|
"de algún evento.\n"
|
|
|
"Por ejemplo, cuando un usuario presiona un botón o cuando llega un paquete "
|
|
|
"de datos.\n"
|
|
|
"Además, estos comandos se pueden deshacer. Esto puede ser útil para\n"
|
|
|
"operaciones de un editor. Podríamos querer almacenar registros de comandos "
|
|
|
"ejecutados para que\n"
|
|
|
"podríamos volver a aplicar los cambios más tarde si el sistema falla."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:20
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Define two database operations `create table` and `add field`. Each of "
|
|
|
"these\n"
|
|
|
"operations is a command which knows how to undo the command, e.g., `drop "
|
|
|
"table`\n"
|
|
|
"and `remove field`. When a user invokes a database migration operation then "
|
|
|
"each\n"
|
|
|
"command is executed in the defined order, and when the user invokes the "
|
|
|
"rollback\n"
|
|
|
"operation then the whole set of commands is invoked in reverse order."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Defina dos operaciones de base de datos `crear tabla` y `agregar campo`. "
|
|
|
"Cada uno de estos\n"
|
|
|
"operaciones es un comando que sabe cómo deshacer el comando, por ejemplo, "
|
|
|
"`drop table`\n"
|
|
|
"y `eliminar campo`. Cuando un usuario invoca una operación de migración de "
|
|
|
"base de datos, cada\n"
|
|
|
"el comando se ejecuta en el orden definido, y cuando el usuario invoca la "
|
|
|
"reversión\n"
|
|
|
"operación, entonces todo el conjunto de comandos se invoca en orden inverso."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:26
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Approach: Using trait objects"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Enfoque: uso de objetos de rasgos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:28
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"We define a common trait which encapsulates our command with two operations\n"
|
|
|
"`execute` and `rollback`. All command `structs` must implement this trait."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Definimos un rasgo común que encapsula nuestro comando con dos operaciones\n"
|
|
|
"`ejecutar` y `retroceder`. Todas las `estructuras` de comando deben "
|
|
|
"implementar este rasgo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:31
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"pub trait Migration {\n"
|
|
|
" fn execute(&self) -> &str;\n"
|
|
|
" fn rollback(&self) -> &str;\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct CreateTable;\n"
|
|
|
"impl Migration for CreateTable {\n"
|
|
|
" fn execute(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
|
" \"create table\"\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" fn rollback(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
|
" \"drop table\"\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct AddField;\n"
|
|
|
"impl Migration for AddField {\n"
|
|
|
" fn execute(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
|
" \"add field\"\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" fn rollback(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
|
" \"remove field\"\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct Schema {\n"
|
|
|
" commands: Vec<Box<dyn Migration>>,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl Schema {\n"
|
|
|
" fn new() -> Self {\n"
|
|
|
" Self { commands: vec![] }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn add_migration(&mut self, cmd: Box<dyn Migration>) {\n"
|
|
|
" self.commands.push(cmd);\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn execute(&self) -> Vec<&str> {\n"
|
|
|
" self.commands.iter().map(|cmd| cmd.execute()).collect()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" fn rollback(&self) -> Vec<&str> {\n"
|
|
|
" self.commands\n"
|
|
|
" .iter()\n"
|
|
|
" .rev() // reverse iterator's direction\n"
|
|
|
" .map(|cmd| cmd.rollback())\n"
|
|
|
" .collect()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let mut schema = Schema::new();\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let cmd = Box::new(CreateTable);\n"
|
|
|
" schema.add_migration(cmd);\n"
|
|
|
" let cmd = Box::new(AddField);\n"
|
|
|
" schema.add_migration(cmd);\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(vec![\"create table\", \"add field\"], schema.execute());\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(vec![\"remove field\", \"drop table\"], schema.rollback());\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:95
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Approach: Using function pointers"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Enfoque: uso de punteros de función"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:97
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"We could follow another approach by creating each individual command as\n"
|
|
|
"a different function and store function pointers to invoke these functions "
|
|
|
"later\n"
|
|
|
"at a different time. Since function pointers implement all three traits "
|
|
|
"`Fn`,\n"
|
|
|
"`FnMut`, and `FnOnce` we could as well pass and store closures instead of\n"
|
|
|
"function pointers."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Podríamos seguir otro enfoque creando cada comando individual como\n"
|
|
|
"una función diferente y almacenar punteros de función para invocar estas "
|
|
|
"funciones más tarde\n"
|
|
|
"en un momento diferente. Dado que los punteros de función implementan los "
|
|
|
"tres rasgos `Fn`,\n"
|
|
|
"`FnMut` y `FnOnce` también podríamos pasar y almacenar cierres en lugar de\n"
|
|
|
"punteros de función."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:103
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"type FnPtr = fn() -> String;\n"
|
|
|
"struct Command {\n"
|
|
|
" execute: FnPtr,\n"
|
|
|
" rollback: FnPtr,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct Schema {\n"
|
|
|
" commands: Vec<Command>,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl Schema {\n"
|
|
|
" fn new() -> Self {\n"
|
|
|
" Self { commands: vec![] }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" fn add_migration(&mut self, execute: FnPtr, rollback: FnPtr) {\n"
|
|
|
" self.commands.push(Command { execute, rollback });\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" fn execute(&self) -> Vec<String> {\n"
|
|
|
" self.commands.iter().map(|cmd| (cmd.execute)()).collect()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" fn rollback(&self) -> Vec<String> {\n"
|
|
|
" self.commands\n"
|
|
|
" .iter()\n"
|
|
|
" .rev()\n"
|
|
|
" .map(|cmd| (cmd.rollback)())\n"
|
|
|
" .collect()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn add_field() -> String {\n"
|
|
|
" \"add field\".to_string()\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn remove_field() -> String {\n"
|
|
|
" \"remove field\".to_string()\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let mut schema = Schema::new();\n"
|
|
|
" schema.add_migration(|| \"create table\".to_string(), || \"drop "
|
|
|
"table\".to_string());\n"
|
|
|
" schema.add_migration(add_field, remove_field);\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(vec![\"create table\", \"add field\"], schema.execute());\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(vec![\"remove field\", \"drop table\"], schema.rollback());\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:150
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Approach: Using `Fn` trait objects"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Enfoque: Uso de objetos de rasgos `Fn`"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:152
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Finally, instead of defining a common command trait we could store\n"
|
|
|
"each command implementing the `Fn` trait separately in vectors."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Finalmente, en lugar de definir un rasgo de comando común, podríamos "
|
|
|
"almacenar\n"
|
|
|
"cada comando implementa el rasgo `Fn` por separado en vectores."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:155
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"type Migration<'a> = Box<dyn Fn() -> &'a str>;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct Schema<'a> {\n"
|
|
|
" executes: Vec<Migration<'a>>,\n"
|
|
|
" rollbacks: Vec<Migration<'a>>,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl<'a> Schema<'a> {\n"
|
|
|
" fn new() -> Self {\n"
|
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
|
" executes: vec![],\n"
|
|
|
" rollbacks: vec![],\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" fn add_migration<E, R>(&mut self, execute: E, rollback: R)\n"
|
|
|
" where\n"
|
|
|
" E: Fn() -> &'a str + 'static,\n"
|
|
|
" R: Fn() -> &'a str + 'static,\n"
|
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
|
" self.executes.push(Box::new(execute));\n"
|
|
|
" self.rollbacks.push(Box::new(rollback));\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" fn execute(&self) -> Vec<&str> {\n"
|
|
|
" self.executes.iter().map(|cmd| cmd()).collect()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" fn rollback(&self) -> Vec<&str> {\n"
|
|
|
" self.rollbacks.iter().rev().map(|cmd| cmd()).collect()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn add_field() -> &'static str {\n"
|
|
|
" \"add field\"\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn remove_field() -> &'static str {\n"
|
|
|
" \"remove field\"\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let mut schema = Schema::new();\n"
|
|
|
" schema.add_migration(|| \"create table\", || \"drop table\");\n"
|
|
|
" schema.add_migration(add_field, remove_field);\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(vec![\"create table\", \"add field\"], schema.execute());\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(vec![\"remove field\", \"drop table\"], schema.rollback());\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:205
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If our commands are small and may be defined as functions or passed as a "
|
|
|
"closure\n"
|
|
|
"then using function pointers might be preferable since it does not exploit\n"
|
|
|
"dynamic dispatch. But if our command is a whole struct with a bunch of "
|
|
|
"functions\n"
|
|
|
"and variables defined as seperated module then using trait objects would be\n"
|
|
|
"more suitable. A case of application can be found in "
|
|
|
"[`actix`](https://actix.rs/),\n"
|
|
|
"which uses trait objects when it registers a handler function for routes.\n"
|
|
|
"In case of using `Fn` trait objects we can create and use commands in the "
|
|
|
"same\n"
|
|
|
"way as we used in case of function pointers."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si nuestros comandos son pequeños y pueden definirse como funciones o "
|
|
|
"pasarse como cierre\n"
|
|
|
"entonces podría ser preferible usar punteros de función, ya que no explota\n"
|
|
|
"despacho dinámico. Pero si nuestro comando es una estructura completa con un "
|
|
|
"montón de funciones\n"
|
|
|
"y variables definidas como módulo separado, entonces usar objetos de rasgos "
|
|
|
"sería\n"
|
|
|
"mas apropiado. Se puede encontrar un caso de aplicación en "
|
|
|
"[`actix`](https://actix.rs/),\n"
|
|
|
"que usa objetos de rasgos cuando registra una función de controlador para "
|
|
|
"rutas.\n"
|
|
|
"En caso de usar objetos de rasgo `Fn` podemos crear y usar comandos en el "
|
|
|
"mismo\n"
|
|
|
"tal como lo usamos en el caso de los punteros de función."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:214
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"As performance, there is always a trade-off between performance and code\n"
|
|
|
"simplicity and organisation. Static dispatch gives faster performance, "
|
|
|
"while\n"
|
|
|
"dynamic dispatch provides flexibility when we structure our application."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Como rendimiento, siempre hay una compensación entre el rendimiento y el "
|
|
|
"código.\n"
|
|
|
"sencillez y organización. El despacho estático proporciona un rendimiento "
|
|
|
"más rápido, mientras que\n"
|
|
|
"El despacho dinámico proporciona flexibilidad cuando estructuramos nuestra "
|
|
|
"aplicación."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/command.md:220
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [Command pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_pattern)\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- [Another example for the `command` "
|
|
|
"pattern](https://web.archive.org/web/20210223131236/https://chercher.tech/rust/command-design-pattern-rust)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Patrón de comando](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_pattern)\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- [Otro ejemplo del patrón "
|
|
|
"`comando`](https://web.archive.org/web/20210223131236/https://chercher.tech/rust/command-design-pattern-rust)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Interpreter"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Intérprete"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If a problem occurs very often and requires long and repetitive steps to "
|
|
|
"solve\n"
|
|
|
"it, then the problem instances might be expressed in a simple language and "
|
|
|
"an\n"
|
|
|
"interpreter object could solve it by interpreting the sentences written in "
|
|
|
"this\n"
|
|
|
"simple language."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si un problema ocurre con mucha frecuencia y requiere pasos largos y "
|
|
|
"repetitivos para resolverlo\n"
|
|
|
"entonces las instancias del problema podrían expresarse en un lenguaje "
|
|
|
"simple y un\n"
|
|
|
"El objeto intérprete podría resolverlo interpretando las oraciones escritas "
|
|
|
"en este\n"
|
|
|
"lenguaje sencillo"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:10
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Basically, for any kind of problems we define:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Básicamente, para cualquier tipo de problema definimos:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:12
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- A [domain specific "
|
|
|
"language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain-specific_language),\n"
|
|
|
"- A grammar for this language,\n"
|
|
|
"- An interpreter that solves the problem instances."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- Un [idioma específico del "
|
|
|
"dominio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain-specific_language),\n"
|
|
|
"- Una gramática para este idioma,\n"
|
|
|
"- Un intérprete que resuelve las instancias del problema."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:18
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Our goal is to translate simple mathematical expressions into postfix "
|
|
|
"expressions\n"
|
|
|
"(or [Reverse Polish "
|
|
|
"notation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation))\n"
|
|
|
"For simplicity, our expressions consist of ten digits `0`, ..., `9` and two\n"
|
|
|
"operations `+`, `-`. For example, the expression `2 + 4` is translated into\n"
|
|
|
"`2 4 +`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Nuestro objetivo es traducir expresiones matemáticas simples en expresiones "
|
|
|
"postfix\n"
|
|
|
"(o [notación polaca "
|
|
|
"inversa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation))\n"
|
|
|
"Para simplificar, nuestras expresiones constan de diez dígitos `0`, ..., `9` "
|
|
|
"y dos\n"
|
|
|
"operaciones `+`, `-`. Por ejemplo, la expresión `2 + 4` se traduce a\n"
|
|
|
"`2 4 +`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:24
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Context Free Grammar for our problem"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Gramática libre de contexto para nuestro problema"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:26
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Our task is translating infix expressions into postfix ones. Let's define a "
|
|
|
"context\n"
|
|
|
"free grammar for a set of infix expressions over `0`, ..., `9`, `+`, and "
|
|
|
"`-`,\n"
|
|
|
"where:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Nuestra tarea es traducir expresiones infijas a postfijas. Definamos un "
|
|
|
"contexto\n"
|
|
|
"gramática libre para un conjunto de expresiones infijas sobre `0`, ..., `9`, "
|
|
|
"`+` y `-`,\n"
|
|
|
"dónde:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:30
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- Terminal symbols: `0`, `...`, `9`, `+`, `-`\n"
|
|
|
"- Non-terminal symbols: `exp`, `term`\n"
|
|
|
"- Start symbol is `exp`\n"
|
|
|
"- And the following are production rules"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- Símbolos terminales: `0`, `...`, `9`, `+`, `-`\n"
|
|
|
"- Símbolos no terminales: `exp`, `term`\n"
|
|
|
"- El símbolo de inicio es `exp`\n"
|
|
|
"- Y las siguientes son reglas de producción."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:35
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```ignore\n"
|
|
|
"exp -> exp + term\n"
|
|
|
"exp -> exp - term\n"
|
|
|
"exp -> term\n"
|
|
|
"term -> 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:42
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"**NOTE:** This grammar should be further transformed depending on what we "
|
|
|
"are going\n"
|
|
|
"to do with it. For example, we might need to remove left recursion. For "
|
|
|
"more\n"
|
|
|
"details please see [Compilers: Principles,Techniques, and "
|
|
|
"Tools](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilers:_Principles,_Techniques,_and_Tools)\n"
|
|
|
"(aka Dragon Book)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"**NOTA:** Esta gramática debe transformarse aún más dependiendo de lo que "
|
|
|
"estemos haciendo\n"
|
|
|
"hacer con eso Por ejemplo, es posible que necesitemos eliminar la "
|
|
|
"recursividad por la izquierda. Para más\n"
|
|
|
"detalles, consulte [Compiladores: principios, técnicas y herramientas] "
|
|
|
"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilers:_Principles,_Techniques,_and_Tools)\n"
|
|
|
"(también conocido como Libro del Dragón)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:47
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Solution"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Solución"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:49
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"We simply implement a recursive descent parser. For simplicity's sake, the "
|
|
|
"code\n"
|
|
|
"panics when an expression is syntactically wrong (for example `2-34` or "
|
|
|
"`2+5-`\n"
|
|
|
"are wrong according to the grammar definition)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Simplemente implementamos un analizador de descenso recursivo. En aras de la "
|
|
|
"simplicidad, el código\n"
|
|
|
"entra en pánico cuando una expresión es sintácticamente incorrecta (por "
|
|
|
"ejemplo, `2-34` o `2+5-`\n"
|
|
|
"están mal según la definición gramatical)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:53
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct Interpreter<'a> {\n"
|
|
|
" it: std::str::Chars<'a>,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl<'a> Interpreter<'a> {\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn new(infix: &'a str) -> Self {\n"
|
|
|
" Self { it: infix.chars() }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn next_char(&mut self) -> Option<char> {\n"
|
|
|
" self.it.next()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn interpret(&mut self, out: &mut String) {\n"
|
|
|
" self.term(out);\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" while let Some(op) = self.next_char() {\n"
|
|
|
" if op == '+' || op == '-' {\n"
|
|
|
" self.term(out);\n"
|
|
|
" out.push(op);\n"
|
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
|
" panic!(\"Unexpected symbol '{}'\", op);\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn term(&mut self, out: &mut String) {\n"
|
|
|
" match self.next_char() {\n"
|
|
|
" Some(ch) if ch.is_digit(10) => out.push(ch),\n"
|
|
|
" Some(ch) => panic!(\"Unexpected symbol '{}'\", ch),\n"
|
|
|
" None => panic!(\"Unexpected end of string\"),\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"pub fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let mut intr = Interpreter::new(\"2+3\");\n"
|
|
|
" let mut postfix = String::new();\n"
|
|
|
" intr.interpret(&mut postfix);\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(postfix, \"23+\");\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" intr = Interpreter::new(\"1-2+3-4\");\n"
|
|
|
" postfix.clear();\n"
|
|
|
" intr.interpret(&mut postfix);\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(postfix, \"12-3+4-\");\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:105
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"There may be a wrong perception that the Interpreter design pattern is about "
|
|
|
"design\n"
|
|
|
"grammars for formal languages and implementation of parsers for these "
|
|
|
"grammars.\n"
|
|
|
"In fact, this pattern is about expressing problem instances in a more "
|
|
|
"specific\n"
|
|
|
"way and implementing functions/classes/structs that solve these problem "
|
|
|
"instances.\n"
|
|
|
"Rust language has `macro_rules!` that allow us to define special syntax and "
|
|
|
"rules\n"
|
|
|
"on how to expand this syntax into source code."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Puede haber una percepción errónea de que el patrón de diseño del Intérprete "
|
|
|
"se trata de diseño\n"
|
|
|
"gramáticas para lenguajes formales e implementación de analizadores para "
|
|
|
"estas gramáticas.\n"
|
|
|
"De hecho, este patrón se trata de expresar instancias de problemas en una "
|
|
|
"forma más específica.\n"
|
|
|
"e implementando funciones/clases/estructuras que resuelven estas instancias "
|
|
|
"de problemas.\n"
|
|
|
"El lenguaje Rust tiene `macro_rules!` que nos permiten definir sintaxis y "
|
|
|
"reglas especiales\n"
|
|
|
"sobre cómo expandir esta sintaxis en el código fuente."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:112
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In the following example we create a simple `macro_rules!` that computes\n"
|
|
|
"[Euclidean length](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_distance) of `n`\n"
|
|
|
"dimensional vectors. Writing `norm!(x,1,2)` might be easier to express and "
|
|
|
"more\n"
|
|
|
"efficient than packing `x,1,2` into a `Vec` and calling a function "
|
|
|
"computing\n"
|
|
|
"the length."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En el siguiente ejemplo, creamos un `macro_rules!` simple que calcula\n"
|
|
|
"[Longitud euclidiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_distance) de "
|
|
|
"`n`\n"
|
|
|
"vectores dimensionales. Escribir `norma!(x,1,2)` podría ser más fácil de "
|
|
|
"expresar y más\n"
|
|
|
"más eficiente que empaquetar `x,1,2` en un `Vec` y llamar a una función "
|
|
|
"informática\n"
|
|
|
"la longitud."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:118
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"macro_rules! norm {\n"
|
|
|
" ($($element:expr),*) => {\n"
|
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
|
" let mut n = 0.0;\n"
|
|
|
" $(\n"
|
|
|
" n += ($element as f64)*($element as f64);\n"
|
|
|
" )*\n"
|
|
|
" n.sqrt()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let x = -3f64;\n"
|
|
|
" let y = 4f64;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(3f64, norm!(x));\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(5f64, norm!(x, y));\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(0f64, norm!(0, 0, 0)); \n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(1f64, norm!(0.5, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5));\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/interpreter.md:144
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [Interpreter pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter_pattern)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Context free "
|
|
|
"grammar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context-free_grammar)\n"
|
|
|
"- [macro_rules!](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Patrón de intérprete](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter_pattern)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Gramática libre de "
|
|
|
"contexto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context-free_grammar)\n"
|
|
|
"- [macro_rules!](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Newtype"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Nuevo tipo"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"What if in some cases we want a type to behave similar to another type or\n"
|
|
|
"enforce some behaviour at compile time when using only type aliases would\n"
|
|
|
"not be enough?"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"¿Qué pasa si en algunos casos queremos que un tipo se comporte de manera "
|
|
|
"similar a otro tipo o\n"
|
|
|
"hacer cumplir algún comportamiento en tiempo de compilación cuando usar solo "
|
|
|
"alias de tipo sería\n"
|
|
|
"no ser suficiente?"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:7
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"For example, if we want to create a custom `Display` implementation for "
|
|
|
"`String`\n"
|
|
|
"due to security considerations (e.g. passwords)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Por ejemplo, si queremos crear una implementación `Display` personalizada "
|
|
|
"para `String`\n"
|
|
|
"debido a consideraciones de seguridad (por ejemplo, contraseñas)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:10
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"For such cases we could use the `Newtype` pattern to provide **type "
|
|
|
"safety**\n"
|
|
|
"and **encapsulation**."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Para tales casos, podríamos usar el patrón `Newtype` para proporcionar "
|
|
|
"**seguridad de tipo**\n"
|
|
|
"y **encapsulación**."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:15
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Use a tuple struct with a single field to make an opaque wrapper for a "
|
|
|
"type.\n"
|
|
|
"This creates a new type, rather than an alias to a type (`type` items)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Use una estructura de tupla con un solo campo para crear un contenedor opaco "
|
|
|
"para un tipo.\n"
|
|
|
"Esto crea un nuevo tipo, en lugar de un alias para un tipo (elementos "
|
|
|
"`tipo`)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:20
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"// Some type, not necessarily in the same module or even crate.\n"
|
|
|
"struct Foo {\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl Foo {\n"
|
|
|
" // These functions are not present on Bar.\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// The newtype.\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct Bar(Foo);\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl Bar {\n"
|
|
|
" // Constructor.\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn new(\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
" ) -> Self {\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let b = Bar::new(...);\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // Foo and Bar are type incompatible, the following do not type check.\n"
|
|
|
" // let f: Foo = b;\n"
|
|
|
" // let b: Bar = Foo { ... };\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:58
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The primary motivation for newtypes is abstraction. It allows you to share\n"
|
|
|
"implementation details between types while precisely controlling the "
|
|
|
"interface.\n"
|
|
|
"By using a newtype rather than exposing the implementation type as part of "
|
|
|
"an\n"
|
|
|
"API, it allows you to change implementation backwards compatibly."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La principal motivación para los nuevos tipos es la abstracción. Te permite "
|
|
|
"compartir\n"
|
|
|
"detalles de implementación entre tipos mientras controla con precisión la "
|
|
|
"interfaz.\n"
|
|
|
"Al usar un nuevo tipo en lugar de exponer el tipo de implementación como "
|
|
|
"parte de un\n"
|
|
|
"API, le permite cambiar la implementación de manera retrocompatible."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:63
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Newtypes can be used for distinguishing units, e.g., wrapping `f64` to give\n"
|
|
|
"distinguishable `Miles` and `Kilometres`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Los tipos nuevos se pueden usar para distinguir unidades, por ejemplo, "
|
|
|
"envolviendo `f64` para dar\n"
|
|
|
"distinguibles `Millas` y `Kilómetros`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:68
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The wrapped and wrapper types are not type compatible (as opposed to using\n"
|
|
|
"`type`), so users of the newtype will never 'confuse' the wrapped and "
|
|
|
"wrapper\n"
|
|
|
"types."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Los tipos wrapper y wrapper no son compatibles (a diferencia de usar\n"
|
|
|
"`tipo`), por lo que los usuarios del nuevo tipo nunca 'confundirán' el "
|
|
|
"envuelto y el envoltorio\n"
|
|
|
"tipos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:72
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Newtypes are a zero-cost abstraction - there is no runtime overhead."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Los tipos nuevos son una abstracción de costo cero: no hay sobrecarga de "
|
|
|
"tiempo de ejecución."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:74
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The privacy system ensures that users cannot access the wrapped type (if "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"field is private, which it is by default)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El sistema de privacidad garantiza que los usuarios no puedan acceder al "
|
|
|
"tipo envuelto (si el\n"
|
|
|
"el campo es privado, que es por defecto)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:79
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The downside of newtypes (especially compared with type aliases), is that "
|
|
|
"there\n"
|
|
|
"is no special language support. This means there can be _a lot_ of "
|
|
|
"boilerplate.\n"
|
|
|
"You need a 'pass through' method for every method you want to expose on the\n"
|
|
|
"wrapped type, and an impl for every trait you want to also be implemented "
|
|
|
"for\n"
|
|
|
"the wrapper type."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La desventaja de los nuevos tipos (especialmente en comparación con los "
|
|
|
"alias de tipo) es que no\n"
|
|
|
"no hay soporte de idioma especial. Esto significa que puede haber _mucho_ "
|
|
|
"repetitivo.\n"
|
|
|
"Necesita un método de 'paso a través' para cada método que desee exponer en "
|
|
|
"el\n"
|
|
|
"tipo envuelto, y un impl para cada rasgo que desea implementar también para\n"
|
|
|
"el tipo de envoltura."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:87
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Newtypes are very common in Rust code. Abstraction or representing units are "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"most common uses, but they can be used for other reasons:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Los tipos nuevos son muy comunes en el código de Rust. Las unidades de "
|
|
|
"abstracción o representación son las\n"
|
|
|
"usos más comunes, pero pueden ser utilizados por otras razones:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:90
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- restricting functionality (reduce the functions exposed or traits "
|
|
|
"implemented),\n"
|
|
|
"- making a type with copy semantics have move semantics,\n"
|
|
|
"- abstraction by providing a more concrete type and thus hiding internal "
|
|
|
"types,\n"
|
|
|
" e.g.,"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- restringir la funcionalidad (reducir las funciones expuestas o los rasgos "
|
|
|
"implementados),\n"
|
|
|
"- hacer que un tipo con semántica de copia tenga semántica de movimiento,\n"
|
|
|
"- abstracción proporcionando un tipo más concreto y ocultando así los tipos "
|
|
|
"internos,\n"
|
|
|
" p.ej.,"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:95
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct Foo(Bar<T1, T2>);\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:99
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Here, `Bar` might be some public, generic type and `T1` and `T2` are some "
|
|
|
"internal\n"
|
|
|
"types. Users of our module shouldn't know that we implement `Foo` by using a "
|
|
|
"`Bar`,\n"
|
|
|
"but what we're really hiding here is the types `T1` and `T2`, and how they "
|
|
|
"are used\n"
|
|
|
"with `Bar`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Aquí, 'Bar' podría ser un tipo genérico público y 'T1' y 'T2' son algunos "
|
|
|
"internos.\n"
|
|
|
"tipos Los usuarios de nuestro módulo no deberían saber que implementamos "
|
|
|
"`Foo` usando una `Bar`,\n"
|
|
|
"pero lo que realmente estamos ocultando aquí son los tipos `T1` y `T2`, y "
|
|
|
"cómo se usan\n"
|
|
|
"con `Barra`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/newtype.md:106
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [Advanced Types in the "
|
|
|
"book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-04-advanced-types.html?highlight=newtype#using-the-newtype-pattern-for-type-safety-and-abstraction)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Newtypes in Haskell](https://wiki.haskell.org/Newtype)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Type "
|
|
|
"aliases](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch19-04-advanced-types.html#creating-type-synonyms-with-type-aliases)\n"
|
|
|
"- [derive_more](https://crates.io/crates/derive_more), a crate for deriving "
|
|
|
"many\n"
|
|
|
" builtin traits on newtypes.\n"
|
|
|
"- [The Newtype Pattern In "
|
|
|
"Rust](https://www.worthe-it.co.za/blog/2020-10-31-newtype-pattern-in-rust.html)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Tipos avanzados en el "
|
|
|
"libro](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-04-advanced-types.html?highlight=newtype#using-the-newtype-pattern-for-type-safety "
|
|
|
"-y-abstracción)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Nuevos tipos en Haskell](https://wiki.haskell.org/Newtype)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Escriba "
|
|
|
"alias](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch19-04-advanced-types.html#creating-type-synonyms-with-type-aliases)\n"
|
|
|
"- [derive_more](https://crates.io/crates/derive_more), una caja para derivar "
|
|
|
"muchos\n"
|
|
|
" rasgos incorporados en newtypes.\n"
|
|
|
"- [El patrón Newtype en "
|
|
|
"Rust](https://www.worthe-it.co.za/blog/2020-10-31-newtype-pattern-in-rust.html)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# RAII with guards"
|
|
|
msgstr "# RAII con guardias"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"[RAII][wikipedia] stands for \"Resource Acquisition is Initialisation\" "
|
|
|
"which is a\n"
|
|
|
"terrible name. The essence of the pattern is that resource initialisation is "
|
|
|
"done\n"
|
|
|
"in the constructor of an object and finalisation in the destructor. This "
|
|
|
"pattern\n"
|
|
|
"is extended in Rust by using a RAII object as a guard of some resource and "
|
|
|
"relying\n"
|
|
|
"on the type system to ensure that access is always mediated by the guard "
|
|
|
"object."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"[RAII][wikipedia] significa \"Adquisición de recursos es inicialización\", "
|
|
|
"que es una\n"
|
|
|
"terrible nombre La esencia del patrón es que la inicialización de recursos "
|
|
|
"se realiza\n"
|
|
|
"en el constructor de un objeto y finalización en el destructor. este patrón\n"
|
|
|
"se extiende en Rust usando un objeto RAII como guardián de algún recurso y "
|
|
|
"confiando\n"
|
|
|
"en el sistema de tipos para garantizar que el acceso siempre esté mediado "
|
|
|
"por el objeto guardián."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:13
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Mutex guards are the classic example of this pattern from the std library "
|
|
|
"(this\n"
|
|
|
"is a simplified version of the real implementation):"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Los protectores Mutex son el ejemplo clásico de este patrón de la biblioteca "
|
|
|
"estándar (este\n"
|
|
|
"es una versión simplificada de la implementación real):"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:16
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"use std::ops::Deref;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct Foo {}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct Mutex<T> {\n"
|
|
|
" // We keep a reference to our data: T here.\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct MutexGuard<'a, T: 'a> {\n"
|
|
|
" data: &'a T,\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// Locking the mutex is explicit.\n"
|
|
|
"impl<T> Mutex<T> {\n"
|
|
|
" fn lock(&self) -> MutexGuard<T> {\n"
|
|
|
" // Lock the underlying OS mutex.\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // MutexGuard keeps a reference to self\n"
|
|
|
" MutexGuard {\n"
|
|
|
" data: self,\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// Destructor for unlocking the mutex.\n"
|
|
|
"impl<'a, T> Drop for MutexGuard<'a, T> {\n"
|
|
|
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
|
" // Unlock the underlying OS mutex.\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// Implementing Deref means we can treat MutexGuard like a pointer to T.\n"
|
|
|
"impl<'a, T> Deref for MutexGuard<'a, T> {\n"
|
|
|
" type Target = T;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn deref(&self) -> &T {\n"
|
|
|
" self.data\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn baz(x: Mutex<Foo>) {\n"
|
|
|
" let xx = x.lock();\n"
|
|
|
" xx.foo(); // foo is a method on Foo.\n"
|
|
|
" // The borrow checker ensures we can't store a reference to the "
|
|
|
"underlying\n"
|
|
|
" // Foo which will outlive the guard xx.\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // x is unlocked when we exit this function and xx's destructor is "
|
|
|
"executed.\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:74
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Where a resource must be finalised after use, RAII can be used to do this\n"
|
|
|
"finalisation. If it is an error to access that resource after finalisation, "
|
|
|
"then\n"
|
|
|
"this pattern can be used to prevent such errors."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Cuando un recurso debe finalizarse después de su uso, se puede usar RAII "
|
|
|
"para hacer esto\n"
|
|
|
"finalización Si es un error acceder a ese recurso después de la "
|
|
|
"finalización, entonces\n"
|
|
|
"este patrón se puede utilizar para evitar tales errores."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:80
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Prevents errors where a resource is not finalised and where a resource is "
|
|
|
"used\n"
|
|
|
"after finalisation."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Previene errores donde un recurso no está finalizado y donde se usa un "
|
|
|
"recurso\n"
|
|
|
"después de la finalización."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:85
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"RAII is a useful pattern for ensuring resources are properly deallocated or\n"
|
|
|
"finalised. We can make use of the borrow checker in Rust to statically "
|
|
|
"prevent\n"
|
|
|
"errors stemming from using resources after finalisation takes place."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"RAII es un patrón útil para garantizar que los recursos se desasignen o\n"
|
|
|
"finalizado. Podemos hacer uso del verificador de préstamos en Rust para "
|
|
|
"evitar estáticamente\n"
|
|
|
"errores derivados del uso de recursos después de la finalización."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:89
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The core aim of the borrow checker is to ensure that references to data do "
|
|
|
"not\n"
|
|
|
"outlive that data. The RAII guard pattern works because the guard object\n"
|
|
|
"contains a reference to the underlying resource and only exposes such\n"
|
|
|
"references. Rust ensures that the guard cannot outlive the underlying "
|
|
|
"resource\n"
|
|
|
"and that references to the resource mediated by the guard cannot outlive "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"guard. To see how this works it is helpful to examine the signature of "
|
|
|
"`deref`\n"
|
|
|
"without lifetime elision:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El objetivo principal del verificador de préstamos es garantizar que las "
|
|
|
"referencias a los datos no\n"
|
|
|
"sobrevivir a esos datos. El patrón de protección RAII funciona porque el "
|
|
|
"objeto de protección\n"
|
|
|
"contiene una referencia al recurso subyacente y solo expone tal\n"
|
|
|
"referencias Rust asegura que el guardia no puede sobrevivir al recurso "
|
|
|
"subyacente\n"
|
|
|
"y que las referencias al recurso mediado por la guardia no pueden sobrevivir "
|
|
|
"al\n"
|
|
|
"guardia. Para ver cómo funciona esto, es útil examinar la firma de `deref`\n"
|
|
|
"sin elisión de por vida:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:97
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"fn deref<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a T {\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:103
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The returned reference to the resource has the same lifetime as `self` "
|
|
|
"(`'a`).\n"
|
|
|
"The borrow checker therefore ensures that the lifetime of the reference to "
|
|
|
"`T`\n"
|
|
|
"is shorter than the lifetime of `self`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La referencia devuelta al recurso tiene la misma duración que `self` "
|
|
|
"(`'a`).\n"
|
|
|
"Por lo tanto, el verificador de préstamos garantiza que la vida útil de la "
|
|
|
"referencia a `T`\n"
|
|
|
"es más corto que el tiempo de vida de `sí mismo`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:107
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Note that implementing `Deref` is not a core part of this pattern, it only "
|
|
|
"makes\n"
|
|
|
"using the guard object more ergonomic. Implementing a `get` method on the "
|
|
|
"guard\n"
|
|
|
"works just as well."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Tenga en cuenta que la implementación de `Deref` no es una parte central de "
|
|
|
"este patrón, solo hace\n"
|
|
|
"utilizando el objeto de guardia más ergonómico. Implementando un método "
|
|
|
"`get` en el guardia\n"
|
|
|
"funciona igual de bien."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:113
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "[Finalisation in destructors idiom](../../idioms/dtor-finally.md)"
|
|
|
msgstr "[Finalización en idioma de destructores](../../idioms/dtor-finally.md)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:115
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"RAII is a common pattern in C++: "
|
|
|
"[cppreference.com](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/raii),\n"
|
|
|
"[wikipedia][wikipedia]."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"RAII es un patrón común en C++: "
|
|
|
"[cppreference.com](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/raii),\n"
|
|
|
"[wikipedia][wikipedia]."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/RAII.md:120
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"[Style guide "
|
|
|
"entry](https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.0.0/style/ownership/raii.html)\n"
|
|
|
"(currently just a placeholder)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"[Entrada de guía de "
|
|
|
"estilo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.0.0/style/ownership/raii.html)\n"
|
|
|
"(actualmente solo un marcador de posición)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Strategy (aka Policy)"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Estrategia (también conocida como Política)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The [Strategy design "
|
|
|
"pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy_pattern)\n"
|
|
|
"is a technique that enables separation of concerns.\n"
|
|
|
"It also allows to decouple software modules through [Dependency "
|
|
|
"Inversion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_inversion_principle)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El [patrón de diseño de estrategia] "
|
|
|
"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy_pattern)\n"
|
|
|
"es una técnica que permite la separación de preocupaciones.\n"
|
|
|
"También permite desacoplar módulos de software a través de [Inversión de "
|
|
|
"dependencia] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_inversion_principle)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:9
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The basic idea behind the Strategy pattern is that, given an algorithm "
|
|
|
"solving\n"
|
|
|
"a particular problem, we define only the skeleton of the algorithm at an "
|
|
|
"abstract\n"
|
|
|
"level, and we separate the specific algorithm’s implementation into "
|
|
|
"different parts."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La idea básica detrás del patrón de estrategia es que, dado un algoritmo que "
|
|
|
"resuelve\n"
|
|
|
"un problema particular, definimos solo el esqueleto del algoritmo en un "
|
|
|
"resumen\n"
|
|
|
"nivel, y separamos la implementación del algoritmo específico en diferentes "
|
|
|
"partes."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:13
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In this way, a client using the algorithm may choose a specific "
|
|
|
"implementation,\n"
|
|
|
"while the general algorithm workflow remains the same. In other words, the "
|
|
|
"abstract\n"
|
|
|
"specification of the class does not depend on the specific implementation of "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"derived class, but specific implementation must adhere to the abstract "
|
|
|
"specification.\n"
|
|
|
"This is why we call it \"Dependency Inversion\"."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"De esta forma, un cliente que utilice el algoritmo puede elegir una "
|
|
|
"implementación específica,\n"
|
|
|
"mientras que el flujo de trabajo general del algoritmo sigue siendo el "
|
|
|
"mismo. En otras palabras, el resumen\n"
|
|
|
"especificación de la clase no depende de la implementación específica de la\n"
|
|
|
"clase derivada, pero la implementación específica debe adherirse a la "
|
|
|
"especificación abstracta.\n"
|
|
|
"Es por eso que lo llamamos \"Inversión de Dependencia\"."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:21
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Imagine we are working on a project that generates reports every month.\n"
|
|
|
"We need the reports to be generated in different formats (strategies), "
|
|
|
"e.g.,\n"
|
|
|
"in `JSON` or `Plain Text` formats.\n"
|
|
|
"But things vary over time, and we don't know what kind of requirement we may "
|
|
|
"get\n"
|
|
|
"in the future. For example, we may need to generate our report in a "
|
|
|
"completely new\n"
|
|
|
"format, or just modify one of the existing formats."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Imagina que estamos trabajando en un proyecto que genera informes todos los "
|
|
|
"meses.\n"
|
|
|
"Necesitamos que los informes se generen en diferentes formatos "
|
|
|
"(estrategias), por ejemplo,\n"
|
|
|
"en formatos `JSON` o `Plain Text`.\n"
|
|
|
"Pero las cosas varían con el tiempo, y no sabemos qué tipo de requisito "
|
|
|
"podemos obtener\n"
|
|
|
"en el futuro. Por ejemplo, es posible que necesitemos generar nuestro "
|
|
|
"informe en un formato completamente nuevo.\n"
|
|
|
"formato, o simplemente modificar uno de los formatos existentes."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:30
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In this example our invariants (or abstractions) are `Context`, "
|
|
|
"`Formatter`,\n"
|
|
|
"and `Report`, while `Text` and `Json` are our strategy structs. These "
|
|
|
"strategies\n"
|
|
|
"have to implement the `Formatter` trait."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En este ejemplo, nuestras invariantes (o abstracciones) son `Context`, "
|
|
|
"`Formatter`,\n"
|
|
|
"y `Report`, mientras que `Text` y `Json` son nuestras estructuras de "
|
|
|
"estrategia. Estas estrategias\n"
|
|
|
"tiene que implementar el rasgo `Formatter`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:34
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"type Data = HashMap<String, u32>;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"trait Formatter {\n"
|
|
|
" fn format(&self, data: &Data, buf: &mut String);\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct Report;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl Report {\n"
|
|
|
" // Write should be used but we kept it as String to ignore error "
|
|
|
"handling\n"
|
|
|
" fn generate<T: Formatter>(g: T, s: &mut String) {\n"
|
|
|
" // backend operations...\n"
|
|
|
" let mut data = HashMap::new();\n"
|
|
|
" data.insert(\"one\".to_string(), 1);\n"
|
|
|
" data.insert(\"two\".to_string(), 2);\n"
|
|
|
" // generate report\n"
|
|
|
" g.format(&data, s);\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct Text;\n"
|
|
|
"impl Formatter for Text {\n"
|
|
|
" fn format(&self, data: &Data, buf: &mut String) {\n"
|
|
|
" for (k, v) in data {\n"
|
|
|
" let entry = format!(\"{} {}\\n"
|
|
|
"\", k, v);\n"
|
|
|
" buf.push_str(&entry);\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct Json;\n"
|
|
|
"impl Formatter for Json {\n"
|
|
|
" fn format(&self, data: &Data, buf: &mut String) {\n"
|
|
|
" buf.push('[');\n"
|
|
|
" for (k, v) in data.into_iter() {\n"
|
|
|
" let entry = format!(r#\"{{\"{}\":\"{}\"}}\"#, k, v);\n"
|
|
|
" buf.push_str(&entry);\n"
|
|
|
" buf.push(',');\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" if !data.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
|
" buf.pop(); // remove extra , at the end\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" buf.push(']');\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let mut s = String::from(\"\");\n"
|
|
|
" Report::generate(Text, &mut s);\n"
|
|
|
" assert!(s.contains(\"one 1\"));\n"
|
|
|
" assert!(s.contains(\"two 2\"));\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" s.clear(); // reuse the same buffer\n"
|
|
|
" Report::generate(Json, &mut s);\n"
|
|
|
" assert!(s.contains(r#\"{\"one\":\"1\"}\"#));\n"
|
|
|
" assert!(s.contains(r#\"{\"two\":\"2\"}\"#));\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:98
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The main advantage is separation of concerns. For example, in this case "
|
|
|
"`Report`\n"
|
|
|
"does not know anything about specific implementations of `Json` and `Text`,\n"
|
|
|
"whereas the output implementations does not care about how data is "
|
|
|
"preprocessed,\n"
|
|
|
"stored, and fetched. The only thing they have to know is context and a "
|
|
|
"specific\n"
|
|
|
"trait and method to implement, i.e,`Formatter` and `run`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La principal ventaja es la separación de preocupaciones. Por ejemplo, en "
|
|
|
"este caso `Informe`\n"
|
|
|
"no sabe nada sobre implementaciones específicas de `Json` y `Text`,\n"
|
|
|
"mientras que las implementaciones de salida no se preocupan por cómo se "
|
|
|
"preprocesan los datos,\n"
|
|
|
"almacenado y obtenido. Lo único que tienen que saber es el contexto y una "
|
|
|
"determinada\n"
|
|
|
"rasgo y método a implementar, es decir, `Formatter` y `run`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:106
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"For each strategy there must be implemented at least one module, so number "
|
|
|
"of modules\n"
|
|
|
"increases with number of strategies. If there are many strategies to choose "
|
|
|
"from\n"
|
|
|
"then users have to know how strategies differ from one another."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Para cada estrategia debe implementarse al menos un módulo, por lo que el "
|
|
|
"número de módulos\n"
|
|
|
"aumenta con el número de estrategias. Si hay muchas estrategias para elegir\n"
|
|
|
"luego los usuarios tienen que saber en qué se diferencian las estrategias "
|
|
|
"entre sí."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:112
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In the previous example all strategies are implemented in a single file.\n"
|
|
|
"Ways of providing different strategies includes:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En el ejemplo anterior todas las estrategias se implementan en un solo "
|
|
|
"archivo.\n"
|
|
|
"Las formas de proporcionar diferentes estrategias incluyen:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:115
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- All in one file (as shown in this example, similar to being separated as "
|
|
|
"modules)\n"
|
|
|
"- Separated as modules, E.g. `formatter::json` module, `formatter::text` "
|
|
|
"module\n"
|
|
|
"- Use compiler feature flags, E.g. `json` feature, `text` feature\n"
|
|
|
"- Separated as crates, E.g. `json` crate, `text` crate"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- Todo en un archivo (como se muestra en este ejemplo, similar a estar "
|
|
|
"separados como módulos)\n"
|
|
|
"- Separados como módulos, p. módulo `formateador::json`, módulo "
|
|
|
"`formateador::texto`\n"
|
|
|
"- Use indicadores de características del compilador, p. función `json`, "
|
|
|
"función `texto`\n"
|
|
|
"- Separados como cajas, p. caja `json`, caja `texto`"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:120
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Serde crate is a good example of the `Strategy` pattern in action. Serde "
|
|
|
"allows\n"
|
|
|
"[full customization](https://serde.rs/custom-serialization.html) of the "
|
|
|
"serialization\n"
|
|
|
"behavior by manually implementing `Serialize` and `Deserialize` traits for "
|
|
|
"our\n"
|
|
|
"type. For example, we could easily swap `serde_json` with `serde_cbor` since "
|
|
|
"they\n"
|
|
|
"expose similar methods. Having this makes the helper crate `serde_transcode` "
|
|
|
"much\n"
|
|
|
"more useful and ergonomic."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Serde crate es un buen ejemplo del patrón 'Estrategia' en acción. Serde "
|
|
|
"permite\n"
|
|
|
"[personalización completa](https://serde.rs/custom-serialization.html) de la "
|
|
|
"serialización\n"
|
|
|
"comportamiento implementando manualmente `Serialize` y `Deserialize` rasgos "
|
|
|
"para nuestro\n"
|
|
|
"tipo. Por ejemplo, podríamos intercambiar fácilmente `serde_json` con "
|
|
|
"`serde_cbor` ya que\n"
|
|
|
"exponer métodos similares. Tener esto hace que el asistente cree "
|
|
|
"`serde_transcode` mucho\n"
|
|
|
"más útil y ergonómico."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:127
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"However, we don't need to use traits in order to design this pattern in Rust."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, no necesitamos usar rasgos para diseñar este patrón en Rust."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:129
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The following toy example demonstrates the idea of the Strategy pattern "
|
|
|
"using Rust\n"
|
|
|
"`closures`:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El siguiente ejemplo de juguete demuestra la idea del patrón de estrategia "
|
|
|
"usando Rust\n"
|
|
|
"`cierres`:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:132
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"struct Adder;\n"
|
|
|
"impl Adder {\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn add<F>(x: u8, y: u8, f: F) -> u8\n"
|
|
|
" where\n"
|
|
|
" F: Fn(u8, u8) -> u8,\n"
|
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
|
" f(x, y)\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let arith_adder = |x, y| x + y;\n"
|
|
|
" let bool_adder = |x, y| {\n"
|
|
|
" if x == 1 || y == 1 {\n"
|
|
|
" 1\n"
|
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
|
" 0\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
|
" let custom_adder = |x, y| 2 * x + y;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(9, Adder::add(4, 5, arith_adder));\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(0, Adder::add(0, 0, bool_adder));\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(5, Adder::add(1, 3, custom_adder));\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:160
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "In fact, Rust already uses this idea for `Options`'s `map` method:"
|
|
|
msgstr "De hecho, Rust ya usa esta idea para el método `map` de `Options`:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:162
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let val = Some(\"Rust\");\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let len_strategy = |s: &str| s.len();\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(4, val.map(len_strategy).unwrap());\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let first_byte_strategy = |s: &str| s.bytes().next().unwrap();\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(82, val.map(first_byte_strategy).unwrap());\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/strategy.md:176
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [Strategy Pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy_pattern)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Dependency "
|
|
|
"Injection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_injection)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Policy Based "
|
|
|
"Design](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_C++_Design#Policy-based_design)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Patrón de estrategia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy_pattern)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Inyección de "
|
|
|
"dependencia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_injection)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Diseño basado en políticas] "
|
|
|
"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_C++_Design#Policy-based_design)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Visitor"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Visitante"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"A visitor encapsulates an algorithm that operates over a heterogeneous\n"
|
|
|
"collection of objects. It allows multiple different algorithms to be "
|
|
|
"written\n"
|
|
|
"over the same data without having to modify the data (or their primary\n"
|
|
|
"behaviour)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Un visitante encapsula un algoritmo que opera sobre un heterogéneo\n"
|
|
|
"colección de objetos. Permite escribir múltiples algoritmos diferentes.\n"
|
|
|
"sobre los mismos datos sin tener que modificar los datos (o su principal\n"
|
|
|
"comportamiento)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:10
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Furthermore, the visitor pattern allows separating the traversal of\n"
|
|
|
"a collection of objects from the operations performed on each object."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Además, el patrón de visitante permite separar el recorrido de\n"
|
|
|
"una colección de objetos de las operaciones realizadas en cada objeto."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:15
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"// The data we will visit\n"
|
|
|
"mod ast {\n"
|
|
|
" pub enum Stmt {\n"
|
|
|
" Expr(Expr),\n"
|
|
|
" Let(Name, Expr),\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub struct Name {\n"
|
|
|
" value: String,\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub enum Expr {\n"
|
|
|
" IntLit(i64),\n"
|
|
|
" Add(Box<Expr>, Box<Expr>),\n"
|
|
|
" Sub(Box<Expr>, Box<Expr>),\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// The abstract visitor\n"
|
|
|
"mod visit {\n"
|
|
|
" use ast::*;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub trait Visitor<T> {\n"
|
|
|
" fn visit_name(&mut self, n: &Name) -> T;\n"
|
|
|
" fn visit_stmt(&mut self, s: &Stmt) -> T;\n"
|
|
|
" fn visit_expr(&mut self, e: &Expr) -> T;\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"use visit::*;\n"
|
|
|
"use ast::*;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// An example concrete implementation - walks the AST interpreting it as "
|
|
|
"code.\n"
|
|
|
"struct Interpreter;\n"
|
|
|
"impl Visitor<i64> for Interpreter {\n"
|
|
|
" fn visit_name(&mut self, n: &Name) -> i64 { panic!() }\n"
|
|
|
" fn visit_stmt(&mut self, s: &Stmt) -> i64 {\n"
|
|
|
" match *s {\n"
|
|
|
" Stmt::Expr(ref e) => self.visit_expr(e),\n"
|
|
|
" Stmt::Let(..) => unimplemented!(),\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn visit_expr(&mut self, e: &Expr) -> i64 {\n"
|
|
|
" match *e {\n"
|
|
|
" Expr::IntLit(n) => n,\n"
|
|
|
" Expr::Add(ref lhs, ref rhs) => self.visit_expr(lhs) + "
|
|
|
"self.visit_expr(rhs),\n"
|
|
|
" Expr::Sub(ref lhs, ref rhs) => self.visit_expr(lhs) - "
|
|
|
"self.visit_expr(rhs),\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:69
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"One could implement further visitors, for example a type checker, without "
|
|
|
"having\n"
|
|
|
"to modify the AST data."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Se podrían implementar más visitantes, por ejemplo, un verificador de tipos, "
|
|
|
"sin tener\n"
|
|
|
"para modificar los datos AST."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:74
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The visitor pattern is useful anywhere that you want to apply an algorithm "
|
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
|
"heterogeneous data. If data is homogeneous, you can use an iterator-like "
|
|
|
"pattern.\n"
|
|
|
"Using a visitor object (rather than a functional approach) allows the "
|
|
|
"visitor to\n"
|
|
|
"be stateful and thus communicate information between nodes."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El patrón de visitante es útil en cualquier lugar al que desee aplicar un "
|
|
|
"algoritmo\n"
|
|
|
"datos heterogéneos. Si los datos son homogéneos, puede usar un patrón "
|
|
|
"similar a un iterador.\n"
|
|
|
"El uso de un objeto de visitante (en lugar de un enfoque funcional) le "
|
|
|
"permite al visitante\n"
|
|
|
"tener estado y así comunicar información entre nodos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:81
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"It is common for the `visit_*` methods to return void (as opposed to in the\n"
|
|
|
"example). In that case it is possible to factor out the traversal code and "
|
|
|
"share\n"
|
|
|
"it between algorithms (and also to provide noop default methods). In Rust, "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"common way to do this is to provide `walk_*` functions for each datum. For\n"
|
|
|
"example,"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Es común que los métodos `visit_*` devuelvan void (a diferencia del método\n"
|
|
|
"ejemplo). En ese caso, es posible factorizar el código transversal y "
|
|
|
"compartir\n"
|
|
|
"entre algoritmos (y también para proporcionar métodos predeterminados de "
|
|
|
"noop). En óxido, el\n"
|
|
|
"La forma común de hacer esto es proporcionar funciones `walk_*` para cada "
|
|
|
"dato. Para\n"
|
|
|
"ejemplo,"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:87
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"pub fn walk_expr(visitor: &mut Visitor, e: &Expr) {\n"
|
|
|
" match *e {\n"
|
|
|
" Expr::IntLit(_) => {},\n"
|
|
|
" Expr::Add(ref lhs, ref rhs) => {\n"
|
|
|
" visitor.visit_expr(lhs);\n"
|
|
|
" visitor.visit_expr(rhs);\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" Expr::Sub(ref lhs, ref rhs) => {\n"
|
|
|
" visitor.visit_expr(lhs);\n"
|
|
|
" visitor.visit_expr(rhs);\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:103
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In other languages (e.g., Java) it is common for data to have an `accept` "
|
|
|
"method\n"
|
|
|
"which performs the same duty."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En otros lenguajes (por ejemplo, Java) es común que los datos tengan un "
|
|
|
"método `aceptar`\n"
|
|
|
"que cumple el mismo deber."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:108
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "The visitor pattern is a common pattern in most OO languages."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El patrón de visitante es un patrón común en la mayoría de los lenguajes OO."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:110
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "[Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visitor_pattern)"
|
|
|
msgstr "[Artículo de Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visitor_pattern)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/behavioural/visitor.md:112
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The [fold](../creational/fold.md) pattern is similar to visitor but "
|
|
|
"produces\n"
|
|
|
"a new version of the visited data structure."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El patrón [fold](../creational/fold.md) es similar al visitante pero "
|
|
|
"produce\n"
|
|
|
"una nueva versión de la estructura de datos visitada."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/intro.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Creational Patterns"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Patrones de creación"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/intro.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "From [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creational_pattern):"
|
|
|
msgstr "De [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creational_pattern):"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/intro.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"> Design patterns that deal with object creation mechanisms, trying to "
|
|
|
"create objects\n"
|
|
|
"> in a manner suitable to the situation. The basic form of object creation "
|
|
|
"could\n"
|
|
|
"> result in design problems or in added complexity to the design. Creational "
|
|
|
"design\n"
|
|
|
"> patterns solve this problem by somehow controlling this object creation."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"> Patrones de diseño que se ocupan de los mecanismos de creación de objetos, "
|
|
|
"tratando de crear objetos\n"
|
|
|
"> de una manera adecuada a la situación. La forma básica de creación de "
|
|
|
"objetos podría\n"
|
|
|
"> resultar en problemas de diseño o en complejidad adicional al diseño. "
|
|
|
"diseño creacional\n"
|
|
|
"> los patrones resuelven este problema controlando de alguna manera la "
|
|
|
"creación de este objeto."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Builder"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Constructor"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Construct an object with calls to a builder helper."
|
|
|
msgstr "Construya un objeto con llamadas a un asistente de construcción."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:9
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct Foo {\n"
|
|
|
" // Lots of complicated fields.\n"
|
|
|
" bar: String,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl Foo {\n"
|
|
|
" // This method will help users to discover the builder\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn builder() -> FooBuilder {\n"
|
|
|
" FooBuilder::default()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"#[derive(Default)]\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct FooBuilder {\n"
|
|
|
" // Probably lots of optional fields.\n"
|
|
|
" bar: String,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl FooBuilder {\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn new(/* ... */) -> FooBuilder {\n"
|
|
|
" // Set the minimally required fields of Foo.\n"
|
|
|
" FooBuilder {\n"
|
|
|
" bar: String::from(\"X\"),\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn name(mut self, bar: String) -> FooBuilder {\n"
|
|
|
" // Set the name on the builder itself, and return the builder by "
|
|
|
"value.\n"
|
|
|
" self.bar = bar;\n"
|
|
|
" self\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // If we can get away with not consuming the Builder here, that is an\n"
|
|
|
" // advantage. It means we can use the FooBuilder as a template for "
|
|
|
"constructing\n"
|
|
|
" // many Foos.\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn build(self) -> Foo {\n"
|
|
|
" // Create a Foo from the FooBuilder, applying all settings in "
|
|
|
"FooBuilder\n"
|
|
|
" // to Foo.\n"
|
|
|
" Foo { bar: self.bar }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
|
"fn builder_test() {\n"
|
|
|
" let foo = Foo {\n"
|
|
|
" bar: String::from(\"Y\"),\n"
|
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
|
" let foo_from_builder: Foo = "
|
|
|
"FooBuilder::new().name(String::from(\"Y\")).build();\n"
|
|
|
" assert_eq!(foo, foo_from_builder);\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:65
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Useful when you would otherwise require many constructors or where\n"
|
|
|
"construction has side effects."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Útil cuando de otro modo necesitaría muchos constructores o donde\n"
|
|
|
"la construcción tiene efectos secundarios."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:70
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Separates methods for building from other methods."
|
|
|
msgstr "Separa los métodos de construcción de otros métodos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:72
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Prevents proliferation of constructors."
|
|
|
msgstr "Evita la proliferación de constructores."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:74
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Can be used for one-liner initialisation as well as more complex "
|
|
|
"construction."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Se puede utilizar para la inicialización de una sola línea, así como para "
|
|
|
"construcciones más complejas."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:78
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"More complex than creating a struct object directly, or a simple "
|
|
|
"constructor\n"
|
|
|
"function."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Más complejo que crear un objeto de estructura directamente o un constructor "
|
|
|
"simple\n"
|
|
|
"función."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:83
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This pattern is seen more frequently in Rust (and for simpler objects) than "
|
|
|
"in\n"
|
|
|
"many other languages because Rust lacks overloading. Since you can only have "
|
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
|
"single method with a given name, having multiple constructors is less nice "
|
|
|
"in\n"
|
|
|
"Rust than in C++, Java, or others."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Este patrón se ve con más frecuencia en Rust (y para objetos más simples) "
|
|
|
"que en\n"
|
|
|
"muchos otros lenguajes porque Rust carece de sobrecarga. Ya que solo puedes "
|
|
|
"tener un\n"
|
|
|
"método único con un nombre dado, tener múltiples constructores es menos "
|
|
|
"agradable en\n"
|
|
|
"Rust que en C++, Java u otros."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:88
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This pattern is often used where the builder object is useful in its own "
|
|
|
"right,\n"
|
|
|
"rather than being just a builder. For example, see\n"
|
|
|
"[`std::process::Command`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/process/struct.Command.html)\n"
|
|
|
"is a builder for "
|
|
|
"[`Child`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/process/struct.Child.html)\n"
|
|
|
"(a process). In these cases, the `T` and `TBuilder` naming pattern is not "
|
|
|
"used."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Este patrón se usa a menudo cuando el objeto constructor es útil por derecho "
|
|
|
"propio,\n"
|
|
|
"en lugar de ser sólo un constructor. Por ejemplo, ver\n"
|
|
|
"[`std::process::Command`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/process/struct.Command.html)\n"
|
|
|
"es un constructor para "
|
|
|
"[`Child`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/process/struct.Child.html)\n"
|
|
|
"(un proceso). En estos casos, no se utiliza el patrón de nomenclatura `T` y "
|
|
|
"`TBuilder`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:94
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The example takes and returns the builder by value. It is often more "
|
|
|
"ergonomic\n"
|
|
|
"(and more efficient) to take and return the builder as a mutable reference. "
|
|
|
"The\n"
|
|
|
"borrow checker makes this work naturally. This approach has the advantage "
|
|
|
"that\n"
|
|
|
"one can write code like"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El ejemplo toma y devuelve el constructor por valor. A menudo es más "
|
|
|
"ergonómico.\n"
|
|
|
"(y más eficiente) para tomar y devolver el constructor como una referencia "
|
|
|
"mutable. El\n"
|
|
|
"El verificador de préstamos hace que esto funcione de forma natural. Este "
|
|
|
"enfoque tiene la ventaja de que\n"
|
|
|
"uno puede escribir código como"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:99
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"let mut fb = FooBuilder::new();\n"
|
|
|
"fb.a();\n"
|
|
|
"fb.b();\n"
|
|
|
"let f = fb.build();\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:106
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "as well as the `FooBuilder::new().a().b().build()` style."
|
|
|
msgstr "así como el estilo `FooBuilder::new().a().b().build()`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/builder.md:110
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [Description in the style "
|
|
|
"guide](https://web.archive.org/web/20210104103100/https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.12.0/style/ownership/builders.html)\n"
|
|
|
"- [derive_builder](https://crates.io/crates/derive_builder), a crate for "
|
|
|
"automatically\n"
|
|
|
" implementing this pattern while avoiding the boilerplate.\n"
|
|
|
"- [Constructor pattern](../../idioms/ctor.md) for when construction is "
|
|
|
"simpler.\n"
|
|
|
"- [Builder pattern "
|
|
|
"(wikipedia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Builder_pattern)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Construction of complex "
|
|
|
"values](https://web.archive.org/web/20210104103000/https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines/type-safety.html#c-builder)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Descripción en la guía de "
|
|
|
"estilo](https://web.archive.org/web/20210104103100/https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.12.0/style/ownership/builders.html)\n"
|
|
|
"- [derive_builder](https://crates.io/crates/derive_builder), una caja para "
|
|
|
"automáticamente\n"
|
|
|
" implementar este patrón mientras se evita el repetitivo.\n"
|
|
|
"- [Patrón de constructor](../../idioms/ctor.md) para cuando la construcción "
|
|
|
"es más sencilla.\n"
|
|
|
"- [Patrón de constructor "
|
|
|
"(wikipedia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Builder_pattern)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Construcción de valores "
|
|
|
"complejos](https://web.archive.org/web/20210104103000/https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines/type-safety.html#c-builder)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Fold"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Doblar"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Run an algorithm over each item in a collection of data to create a new "
|
|
|
"item,\n"
|
|
|
"thus creating a whole new collection."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Ejecute un algoritmo sobre cada elemento en una colección de datos para "
|
|
|
"crear un nuevo elemento,\n"
|
|
|
"creando así una colección completamente nueva."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:8
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The etymology here is unclear to me. The terms 'fold' and 'folder' are used\n"
|
|
|
"in the Rust compiler, although it appears to me to be more like a map than "
|
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
|
"fold in the usual sense. See the discussion below for more details."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La etimología aquí no está clara para mí. Los términos 'doblar' y 'carpeta' "
|
|
|
"se utilizan\n"
|
|
|
"en el compilador de Rust, aunque me parece más un mapa que un\n"
|
|
|
"doblar en el sentido habitual. Consulte la discusión a continuación para "
|
|
|
"obtener más detalles."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:14
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"// The data we will fold, a simple AST.\n"
|
|
|
"mod ast {\n"
|
|
|
" pub enum Stmt {\n"
|
|
|
" Expr(Box<Expr>),\n"
|
|
|
" Let(Box<Name>, Box<Expr>),\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub struct Name {\n"
|
|
|
" value: String,\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub enum Expr {\n"
|
|
|
" IntLit(i64),\n"
|
|
|
" Add(Box<Expr>, Box<Expr>),\n"
|
|
|
" Sub(Box<Expr>, Box<Expr>),\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// The abstract folder\n"
|
|
|
"mod fold {\n"
|
|
|
" use ast::*;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub trait Folder {\n"
|
|
|
" // A leaf node just returns the node itself. In some cases, we can "
|
|
|
"do this\n"
|
|
|
" // to inner nodes too.\n"
|
|
|
" fn fold_name(&mut self, n: Box<Name>) -> Box<Name> { n }\n"
|
|
|
" // Create a new inner node by folding its children.\n"
|
|
|
" fn fold_stmt(&mut self, s: Box<Stmt>) -> Box<Stmt> {\n"
|
|
|
" match *s {\n"
|
|
|
" Stmt::Expr(e) => Box::new(Stmt::Expr(self.fold_expr(e))),\n"
|
|
|
" Stmt::Let(n, e) => Box::new(Stmt::Let(self.fold_name(n), "
|
|
|
"self.fold_expr(e))),\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" fn fold_expr(&mut self, e: Box<Expr>) -> Box<Expr> { ... }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"use fold::*;\n"
|
|
|
"use ast::*;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// An example concrete implementation - renames every name to 'foo'.\n"
|
|
|
"struct Renamer;\n"
|
|
|
"impl Folder for Renamer {\n"
|
|
|
" fn fold_name(&mut self, n: Box<Name>) -> Box<Name> {\n"
|
|
|
" Box::new(Name { value: \"foo\".to_owned() })\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" // Use the default methods for the other nodes.\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:65
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The result of running the `Renamer` on an AST is a new AST identical to the "
|
|
|
"old\n"
|
|
|
"one, but with every name changed to `foo`. A real life folder might have "
|
|
|
"some\n"
|
|
|
"state preserved between nodes in the struct itself."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El resultado de ejecutar `Renamer` en un AST es un nuevo AST idéntico al "
|
|
|
"antiguo\n"
|
|
|
"one, pero con todos los nombres cambiados a `foo`. Una carpeta de la vida "
|
|
|
"real podría tener algunos\n"
|
|
|
"estado preservado entre nodos en la estructura misma."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:69
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"A folder can also be defined to map one data structure to a different (but\n"
|
|
|
"usually similar) data structure. For example, we could fold an AST into a "
|
|
|
"HIR\n"
|
|
|
"tree (HIR stands for high-level intermediate representation)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"También se puede definir una carpeta para asignar una estructura de datos a "
|
|
|
"otra diferente (pero\n"
|
|
|
"generalmente similar) estructura de datos. Por ejemplo, podríamos convertir "
|
|
|
"un AST en un HIR\n"
|
|
|
"árbol (HIR significa representación intermedia de alto nivel)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:75
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"It is common to want to map a data structure by performing some operation "
|
|
|
"on\n"
|
|
|
"each node in the structure. For simple operations on simple data "
|
|
|
"structures,\n"
|
|
|
"this can be done using `Iterator::map`. For more complex operations, "
|
|
|
"perhaps\n"
|
|
|
"where earlier nodes can affect the operation on later nodes, or where "
|
|
|
"iteration\n"
|
|
|
"over the data structure is non-trivial, using the fold pattern is more\n"
|
|
|
"appropriate."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Es común querer mapear una estructura de datos realizando alguna operación "
|
|
|
"en\n"
|
|
|
"cada nodo de la estructura. Para operaciones simples en estructuras de datos "
|
|
|
"simples,\n"
|
|
|
"esto se puede hacer usando `Iterator::map`. Para operaciones más complejas, "
|
|
|
"tal vez\n"
|
|
|
"donde los nodos anteriores pueden afectar la operación en nodos posteriores, "
|
|
|
"o donde la iteración\n"
|
|
|
"sobre la estructura de datos no es trivial, usar el patrón de plegado es "
|
|
|
"más\n"
|
|
|
"adecuado."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:82
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Like the visitor pattern, the fold pattern allows us to separate traversal "
|
|
|
"of a\n"
|
|
|
"data structure from the operations performed to each node."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Al igual que el patrón de visitante, el patrón de plegado nos permite "
|
|
|
"separar el recorrido de un\n"
|
|
|
"estructura de datos de las operaciones realizadas a cada nodo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:87
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Mapping data structures in this fashion is common in functional languages. "
|
|
|
"In OO\n"
|
|
|
"languages, it would be more common to mutate the data structure in place. "
|
|
|
"The\n"
|
|
|
"'functional' approach is common in Rust, mostly due to the preference for\n"
|
|
|
"immutability. Using fresh data structures, rather than mutating old ones, "
|
|
|
"makes\n"
|
|
|
"reasoning about the code easier in most circumstances."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Mapear estructuras de datos de esta manera es común en lenguajes "
|
|
|
"funcionales. en OO\n"
|
|
|
"idiomas, sería más común mutar la estructura de datos en su lugar. El\n"
|
|
|
"El enfoque 'funcional' es común en Rust, principalmente debido a la "
|
|
|
"preferencia por\n"
|
|
|
"inmutabilidad. El uso de estructuras de datos nuevas, en lugar de mutar las "
|
|
|
"antiguas, hace\n"
|
|
|
"razonar sobre el código es más fácil en la mayoría de las circunstancias."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:93
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The trade-off between efficiency and reusability can be tweaked by changing "
|
|
|
"how\n"
|
|
|
"nodes are accepted by the `fold_*` methods."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La compensación entre la eficiencia y la reutilización se puede ajustar "
|
|
|
"cambiando cómo\n"
|
|
|
"los nodos son aceptados por los métodos `fold_*`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:96
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In the above example we operate on `Box` pointers. Since these own their "
|
|
|
"data\n"
|
|
|
"exclusively, the original copy of the data structure cannot be re-used. On "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"other hand if a node is not changed, reusing it is very efficient."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En el ejemplo anterior, operamos con punteros `Box`. Ya que estos son dueños "
|
|
|
"de sus datos\n"
|
|
|
"exclusivamente, la copia original de la estructura de datos no puede ser "
|
|
|
"reutilizada. Sobre el\n"
|
|
|
"Por otro lado, si un nodo no se cambia, reutilizarlo es muy eficiente."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:100
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If we were to operate on borrowed references, the original data structure "
|
|
|
"can be\n"
|
|
|
"reused; however, a node must be cloned even if unchanged, which can be\n"
|
|
|
"expensive."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:104
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Using a reference counted pointer gives the best of both worlds - we can "
|
|
|
"reuse\n"
|
|
|
"the original data structure, and we don't need to clone unchanged nodes. "
|
|
|
"However,\n"
|
|
|
"they are less ergonomic to use and mean that the data structures cannot be\n"
|
|
|
"mutable."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El uso de un puntero contado de referencia ofrece lo mejor de ambos mundos: "
|
|
|
"podemos reutilizar\n"
|
|
|
"la estructura de datos original, y no necesitamos clonar nodos sin cambios. "
|
|
|
"Sin embargo,\n"
|
|
|
"son menos ergonómicos de usar y significan que las estructuras de datos no "
|
|
|
"pueden ser\n"
|
|
|
"mudable."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:111
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Iterators have a `fold` method, however this folds a data structure into a\n"
|
|
|
"value, rather than into a new data structure. An iterator's `map` is more "
|
|
|
"like\n"
|
|
|
"this fold pattern."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Los iteradores tienen un método `doblar`, sin embargo, este dobla una "
|
|
|
"estructura de datos en una\n"
|
|
|
"valor, en lugar de en una nueva estructura de datos. El `mapa` de un "
|
|
|
"iterador es más como\n"
|
|
|
"este patrón de plegado."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:115
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In other languages, fold is usually used in the sense of Rust's iterators,\n"
|
|
|
"rather than this pattern. Some functional languages have powerful constructs "
|
|
|
"for\n"
|
|
|
"performing flexible maps over data structures."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En otros lenguajes, fold se usa generalmente en el sentido de los iteradores "
|
|
|
"de Rust,\n"
|
|
|
"en lugar de este patrón. Algunos lenguajes funcionales tienen poderosas "
|
|
|
"construcciones para\n"
|
|
|
"realizar mapas flexibles sobre estructuras de datos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/creational/fold.md:119
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The [visitor](../behavioural/visitor.md) pattern is closely related to "
|
|
|
"fold.\n"
|
|
|
"They share the concept of walking a data structure performing an operation "
|
|
|
"on\n"
|
|
|
"each node. However, the visitor does not create a new data structure nor "
|
|
|
"consume\n"
|
|
|
"the old one."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El patrón [visitante](../behavioural/visitor.md) está estrechamente "
|
|
|
"relacionado con el pliegue.\n"
|
|
|
"Comparten el concepto de recorrer una estructura de datos realizando una "
|
|
|
"operación sobre\n"
|
|
|
"cada nodo. Sin embargo, el visitante no crea una nueva estructura de datos "
|
|
|
"ni consume\n"
|
|
|
"el viejo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/intro.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Structural Patterns"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Patrones Estructurales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/intro.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "From [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_pattern):"
|
|
|
msgstr "De [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_pattern):"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/intro.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"> Design patterns that ease the design by identifying a simple way to "
|
|
|
"realize relationships\n"
|
|
|
"> among entities."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"> Patrones de diseño que facilitan el diseño al identificar una forma "
|
|
|
"sencilla de realizar relaciones\n"
|
|
|
"> entre entidades."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Compose structs together for better borrowing"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Componer estructuras juntas para un mejor préstamo"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "TODO - this is not a very snappy name"
|
|
|
msgstr "TODO - este no es un nombre muy ágil"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:7
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Sometimes a large struct will cause issues with the borrow checker - "
|
|
|
"although\n"
|
|
|
"fields can be borrowed independently, sometimes the whole struct ends up "
|
|
|
"being\n"
|
|
|
"used at once, preventing other uses. A solution might be to decompose the "
|
|
|
"struct\n"
|
|
|
"into several smaller structs. Then compose these together into the original\n"
|
|
|
"struct. Then each struct can be borrowed separately and have more flexible\n"
|
|
|
"behaviour."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"A veces, una estructura grande causará problemas con el verificador de "
|
|
|
"préstamos, aunque\n"
|
|
|
"los campos se pueden tomar prestados de forma independiente, a veces toda la "
|
|
|
"estructura termina siendo\n"
|
|
|
"utilizados de una sola vez, impidiendo otros usos. Una solución podría ser "
|
|
|
"descomponer la estructura\n"
|
|
|
"en varias estructuras más pequeñas. Luego componga estos juntos en el "
|
|
|
"original\n"
|
|
|
"estructura Luego, cada estructura se puede tomar prestada por separado y "
|
|
|
"tener más flexibilidad\n"
|
|
|
"comportamiento."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:14
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This will often lead to a better design in other ways: applying this design\n"
|
|
|
"pattern often reveals smaller units of functionality."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto a menudo conducirá a un mejor diseño de otras maneras: aplicar este "
|
|
|
"diseño\n"
|
|
|
"patrón a menudo revela unidades más pequeñas de funcionalidad."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:19
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Here is a contrived example of where the borrow checker foils us in our plan "
|
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
|
"use a struct:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Aquí hay un ejemplo artificial de dónde el verificador de préstamos nos "
|
|
|
"frustra en nuestro plan para\n"
|
|
|
"usar una estructura:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:22
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"struct A {\n"
|
|
|
" f1: u32,\n"
|
|
|
" f2: u32,\n"
|
|
|
" f3: u32,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn foo(a: &mut A) -> &u32 { &a.f2 }\n"
|
|
|
"fn bar(a: &mut A) -> u32 { a.f1 + a.f3 }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn baz(a: &mut A) {\n"
|
|
|
" // The later usage of x causes a to be borrowed for the rest of the "
|
|
|
"function.\n"
|
|
|
" let x = foo(a);\n"
|
|
|
" // Borrow checker error:\n"
|
|
|
" // let y = bar(a); // ~ ERROR: cannot borrow `*a` as mutable more than "
|
|
|
"once\n"
|
|
|
" // at a time\n"
|
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", x);\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:42
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"We can apply this design pattern and refactor `A` into two smaller structs, "
|
|
|
"thus\n"
|
|
|
"solving the borrow checking issue:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Podemos aplicar este patrón de diseño y refactorizar `A` en dos estructuras "
|
|
|
"más pequeñas, por lo tanto\n"
|
|
|
"resolviendo el problema de verificación de préstamo:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:45
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"// A is now composed of two structs - B and C.\n"
|
|
|
"struct A {\n"
|
|
|
" b: B,\n"
|
|
|
" c: C,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"struct B {\n"
|
|
|
" f2: u32,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"struct C {\n"
|
|
|
" f1: u32,\n"
|
|
|
" f3: u32,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// These functions take a B or C, rather than A.\n"
|
|
|
"fn foo(b: &mut B) -> &u32 { &b.f2 }\n"
|
|
|
"fn bar(c: &mut C) -> u32 { c.f1 + c.f3 }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn baz(a: &mut A) {\n"
|
|
|
" let x = foo(&mut a.b);\n"
|
|
|
" // Now it's OK!\n"
|
|
|
" let y = bar(&mut a.c);\n"
|
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", x);\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:73
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "TODO Why and where you should use the pattern"
|
|
|
msgstr "TODO Por qué y dónde deberías usar el patrón"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:77
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Lets you work around limitations in the borrow checker."
|
|
|
msgstr "Le permite sortear las limitaciones del verificador de préstamos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:79
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Often produces a better design."
|
|
|
msgstr "A menudo produce un mejor diseño."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:83
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Leads to more verbose code."
|
|
|
msgstr "Conduce a un código más detallado."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:85
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Sometimes, the smaller structs are not good abstractions, and so we end up "
|
|
|
"with\n"
|
|
|
"a worse design. That is probably a 'code smell', indicating that the "
|
|
|
"program\n"
|
|
|
"should be refactored in some way."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"A veces, las estructuras más pequeñas no son buenas abstracciones, por lo "
|
|
|
"que terminamos con\n"
|
|
|
"un diseño peor. Eso es probablemente un 'olor a código', lo que indica que "
|
|
|
"el programa\n"
|
|
|
"debe ser refactorizado de alguna manera."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:91
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This pattern is not required in languages that don't have a borrow checker, "
|
|
|
"so\n"
|
|
|
"in that sense is unique to Rust. However, making smaller units of "
|
|
|
"functionality\n"
|
|
|
"often leads to cleaner code: a widely acknowledged principle of software\n"
|
|
|
"engineering, independent of the language."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Este patrón no es necesario en los idiomas que no tienen un verificador de "
|
|
|
"préstamos, por lo que\n"
|
|
|
"en ese sentido es exclusivo de Rust. Sin embargo, hacer unidades más "
|
|
|
"pequeñas de funcionalidad\n"
|
|
|
"a menudo conduce a un código más limpio: un principio de software "
|
|
|
"ampliamente reconocido\n"
|
|
|
"ingeniería, independiente del idioma."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/compose-structs.md:96
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This pattern relies on Rust's borrow checker to be able to borrow fields\n"
|
|
|
"independently of each other. In the example, the borrow checker knows that "
|
|
|
"`a.b`\n"
|
|
|
"and `a.c` are distinct and can be borrowed independently, it does not try "
|
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
|
"borrow all of `a`, which would make this pattern useless."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Este patrón se basa en el verificador de préstamos de Rust para poder tomar "
|
|
|
"prestados campos.\n"
|
|
|
"independientemente unos de otros. En el ejemplo, el verificador de préstamos "
|
|
|
"sabe que `a.b`\n"
|
|
|
"y `a.c` son distintos y se pueden tomar prestados de forma independiente, no "
|
|
|
"intenta\n"
|
|
|
"toma prestada toda `a`, lo que haría que este patrón fuera inútil."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Prefer small crates"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Preferir cajas pequeñas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Prefer small crates that do one thing well."
|
|
|
msgstr "Prefiere cajas pequeñas que hacen una sola cosa bien."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:7
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Cargo and crates.io make it easy to add third-party libraries, much more so "
|
|
|
"than\n"
|
|
|
"in say C or C++. Moreover, since packages on crates.io cannot be edited or "
|
|
|
"removed\n"
|
|
|
"after publication, any build that works now should continue to work in the "
|
|
|
"future.\n"
|
|
|
"We should take advantage of this tooling, and use smaller, more fine-grained "
|
|
|
"dependencies."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Cargo y crates.io facilitan la adición de bibliotecas de terceros, mucho más "
|
|
|
"que\n"
|
|
|
"en decir C o C++. Además, dado que los paquetes en crates.io no se pueden "
|
|
|
"editar ni eliminar\n"
|
|
|
"después de la publicación, cualquier compilación que funcione ahora debería "
|
|
|
"continuar funcionando en el futuro.\n"
|
|
|
"Deberíamos aprovechar esta herramienta y usar dependencias más pequeñas y "
|
|
|
"detalladas."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:14
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- Small crates are easier to understand, and encourage more modular code.\n"
|
|
|
"- Crates allow for re-using code between projects.\n"
|
|
|
" For example, the `url` crate was developed as part of the Servo browser "
|
|
|
"engine,\n"
|
|
|
" but has since found wide use outside the project.\n"
|
|
|
"- Since the compilation unit\n"
|
|
|
" of Rust is the crate, splitting a project into multiple crates can allow "
|
|
|
"more of\n"
|
|
|
" the code to be built in parallel."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- Las cajas pequeñas son más fáciles de entender y fomentan un código más "
|
|
|
"modular.\n"
|
|
|
"- Las cajas permiten reutilizar código entre proyectos.\n"
|
|
|
" Por ejemplo, la caja `url` se desarrolló como parte del motor del "
|
|
|
"navegador Servo,\n"
|
|
|
" pero desde entonces ha encontrado un amplio uso fuera del proyecto.\n"
|
|
|
"- Desde la unidad de compilación\n"
|
|
|
" de Rust es la caja, dividir un proyecto en varias cajas puede permitir más "
|
|
|
"de\n"
|
|
|
" el código que se construirá en paralelo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:24
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- This can lead to \"dependency hell\", when a project depends on multiple "
|
|
|
"conflicting\n"
|
|
|
" versions of a crate at the same time. For example, the `url` crate has "
|
|
|
"both versions\n"
|
|
|
" 1.0 and 0.5. Since the `Url` from `url:1.0` and the `Url` from `url:0.5` "
|
|
|
"are\n"
|
|
|
" different types, an HTTP client that uses `url:0.5` would not accept `Url` "
|
|
|
"values\n"
|
|
|
" from a web scraper that uses `url:1.0`.\n"
|
|
|
"- Packages on crates.io are not curated. A crate may be poorly written, "
|
|
|
"have\n"
|
|
|
" unhelpful documentation, or be outright malicious.\n"
|
|
|
"- Two small crates may be less optimized than one large one, since the "
|
|
|
"compiler\n"
|
|
|
" does not perform link-time optimization (LTO) by default."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- Esto puede conducir al \"infierno de la dependencia\", cuando un proyecto "
|
|
|
"depende de múltiples conflictos\n"
|
|
|
" versiones de una caja al mismo tiempo. Por ejemplo, la caja `url` tiene "
|
|
|
"ambas versiones\n"
|
|
|
" 1.0 y 0.5. Dado que la `Url` de `url:1.0` y la `Url` de `url:0.5` son\n"
|
|
|
" diferentes tipos, un cliente HTTP que usa `url:0.5` no aceptaría valores "
|
|
|
"`Url`\n"
|
|
|
" de un web scraper que usa `url:1.0`.\n"
|
|
|
"- Los paquetes en crates.io no están curados. Una caja puede estar mal "
|
|
|
"escrita, tener\n"
|
|
|
" documentación poco útil, o ser totalmente malicioso.\n"
|
|
|
"- Dos cajas pequeñas pueden estar menos optimizadas que una grande, ya que "
|
|
|
"el compilador\n"
|
|
|
" no realiza la optimización del tiempo de enlace (LTO) de forma "
|
|
|
"predeterminada."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:36
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The [`ref_slice`](https://crates.io/crates/ref_slice) crate provides "
|
|
|
"functions\n"
|
|
|
"for converting `&T` to `&[T]`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El cajón [`ref_slice`](https://crates.io/crates/ref_slice) proporciona "
|
|
|
"funciones\n"
|
|
|
"para convertir `&T` a `&[T]`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:39
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The [`url`](https://crates.io/crates/url) crate provides tools for working "
|
|
|
"with\n"
|
|
|
"URLs."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El cajón [`url`](https://crates.io/crates/url) proporciona herramientas para "
|
|
|
"trabajar con\n"
|
|
|
"URL."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:42
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The [`num_cpus`](https://crates.io/crates/num_cpus) crate provides a "
|
|
|
"function to\n"
|
|
|
"query the number of CPUs on a machine."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El cajón [`num_cpus`](https://crates.io/crates/num_cpus) proporciona una "
|
|
|
"función para\n"
|
|
|
"consultar el número de CPU en una máquina."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/small-crates.md:47
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "- [crates.io: The Rust community crate host](https://crates.io/)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [crates.io: El host de cajas de la comunidad de Rust](https://crates.io/)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/unsafe-mods.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Contain unsafety in small modules"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Contener la inseguridad en pequeños módulos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/unsafe-mods.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If you have `unsafe` code, create the smallest possible module that can "
|
|
|
"uphold\n"
|
|
|
"the needed invariants to build a minimal safe interface upon the unsafety. "
|
|
|
"Embed\n"
|
|
|
"this into a larger module that contains only safe code and presents an "
|
|
|
"ergonomic\n"
|
|
|
"interface. Note that the outer module can contain unsafe functions and "
|
|
|
"methods\n"
|
|
|
"that call directly into the unsafe code. Users may use this to gain speed "
|
|
|
"benefits."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si tiene un código \"inseguro\", cree el módulo más pequeño posible que "
|
|
|
"pueda mantener\n"
|
|
|
"las invariantes necesarias para construir una interfaz segura mínima sobre "
|
|
|
"la inseguridad. Empotrar\n"
|
|
|
"esto en un módulo más grande que contiene solo código seguro y presenta un "
|
|
|
"diseño ergonómico\n"
|
|
|
"interfaz. Tenga en cuenta que el módulo externo puede contener funciones y "
|
|
|
"métodos no seguros\n"
|
|
|
"que llaman directamente al código no seguro. Los usuarios pueden usar esto "
|
|
|
"para obtener beneficios de velocidad."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/unsafe-mods.md:13
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- This restricts the unsafe code that must be audited\n"
|
|
|
"- Writing the outer module is much easier, since you can count on the "
|
|
|
"guarantees\n"
|
|
|
" of the inner module"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- Esto restringe el código inseguro que debe ser auditado\n"
|
|
|
"- Escribir el módulo exterior es mucho más fácil, ya que puedes contar con "
|
|
|
"las garantías\n"
|
|
|
" del módulo interior"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/unsafe-mods.md:19
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- Sometimes, it may be hard to find a suitable interface.\n"
|
|
|
"- The abstraction may introduce inefficiencies."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- A veces, puede ser difícil encontrar una interfaz adecuada.\n"
|
|
|
"- La abstracción puede introducir ineficiencias."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/unsafe-mods.md:24
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- The [`toolshed`](https://docs.rs/toolshed) crate contains its unsafe "
|
|
|
"operations\n"
|
|
|
" in submodules, presenting a safe interface to users.\n"
|
|
|
"- `std`'s `String` class is a wrapper over `Vec<u8>` with the added "
|
|
|
"invariant\n"
|
|
|
" that the contents must be valid UTF-8. The operations on `String` ensure "
|
|
|
"this\n"
|
|
|
" behavior.\n"
|
|
|
" However, users have the option of using an `unsafe` method to create a "
|
|
|
"`String`,\n"
|
|
|
" in which case the onus is on them to guarantee the validity of the "
|
|
|
"contents."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- La caja [`toolshed`](https://docs.rs/toolshed) contiene sus operaciones "
|
|
|
"inseguras\n"
|
|
|
" en submódulos, presentando una interfaz segura para los usuarios.\n"
|
|
|
"- La clase `String` de `std` es un contenedor sobre `Vec<u8>` con el "
|
|
|
"invariante agregado\n"
|
|
|
" que el contenido debe ser UTF-8 válido. Las operaciones en `String` "
|
|
|
"aseguran esto\n"
|
|
|
" comportamiento.\n"
|
|
|
" Sin embargo, los usuarios tienen la opción de usar un método \"no seguro\" "
|
|
|
"para crear una \"Cadena\",\n"
|
|
|
" en cuyo caso corresponde a ellos garantizar la vigencia de los contenidos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/structural/unsafe-mods.md:34
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [Ralf Jung's Blog about invariants in unsafe "
|
|
|
"code](https://www.ralfj.de/blog/2018/08/22/two-kinds-of-invariants.html)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Blog de Ralf Jung sobre invariantes en código no "
|
|
|
"seguro](https://www.ralfj.de/blog/2018/08/22/two-kinds-of-invariants.html)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/intro.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# FFI Patterns"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Patrones FFI"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/intro.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Writing FFI code is an entire course in itself.\n"
|
|
|
"However, there are several idioms here that can act as pointers, and avoid "
|
|
|
"traps\n"
|
|
|
"for inexperienced users of unsafe Rust."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Escribir código FFI es un curso completo en sí mismo.\n"
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, aquí hay varios modismos que pueden actuar como indicadores y "
|
|
|
"evitar trampas.\n"
|
|
|
"para usuarios inexpertos de Rust inseguro."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/intro.md:7
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "This section contains design patterns that may be useful when doing FFI."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esta sección contiene patrones de diseño que pueden ser útiles al hacer FFI."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/intro.md:9
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. [Object-Based API](./export.md) design that has good memory safety "
|
|
|
"characteristics,\n"
|
|
|
" and a clean boundary of what is safe and what is unsafe\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"2. [Type Consolidation into Wrappers](./wrappers.md) - group multiple Rust "
|
|
|
"types\n"
|
|
|
" together into an opaque \"object\""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. Diseño de [API basada en objetos] (./export.md) que tiene buenas "
|
|
|
"características de seguridad de memoria,\n"
|
|
|
" y un límite limpio de lo que es seguro y lo que es inseguro\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"2. [Consolidación de tipos en envoltorios] (./wrappers.md) - agrupa varios "
|
|
|
"tipos de Rust\n"
|
|
|
" juntos en un \"objeto\" opaco"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Object-Based APIs"
|
|
|
msgstr "# API basadas en objetos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"When designing APIs in Rust which are exposed to other languages, there are "
|
|
|
"some\n"
|
|
|
"important design principles which are contrary to normal Rust API design:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Al diseñar API en Rust que están expuestas a otros lenguajes, hay algunos\n"
|
|
|
"principios de diseño importantes que son contrarios al diseño normal de la "
|
|
|
"API de Rust:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:8
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. All Encapsulated types should be _owned_ by Rust, _managed_ by the user,\n"
|
|
|
" and _opaque_.\n"
|
|
|
"2. All Transactional data types should be _owned_ by the user, and "
|
|
|
"_transparent_.\n"
|
|
|
"3. All library behavior should be functions acting upon Encapsulated types.\n"
|
|
|
"4. All library behavior should be encapsulated into types not based on "
|
|
|
"structure,\n"
|
|
|
" but _provenance/lifetime_."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. Todos los tipos encapsulados deben ser _propiedad_ de Rust, "
|
|
|
"_administrados_ por el usuario,\n"
|
|
|
" y _opaco_.\n"
|
|
|
"2. Todos los tipos de datos transaccionales deben ser _propiedad_ del "
|
|
|
"usuario y _transparentes_.\n"
|
|
|
"3. Todo el comportamiento de la biblioteca debe ser funciones que actúen "
|
|
|
"sobre tipos encapsulados.\n"
|
|
|
"4. Todo el comportamiento de la biblioteca debe encapsularse en tipos que no "
|
|
|
"se basen en la estructura,\n"
|
|
|
" pero _procedencia/tiempo de vida_."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:17
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust has built-in FFI support to other languages.\n"
|
|
|
"It does this by providing a way for crate authors to provide C-compatible "
|
|
|
"APIs\n"
|
|
|
"through different ABIs (though that is unimportant to this practice)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust tiene soporte FFI integrado para otros idiomas.\n"
|
|
|
"Lo hace al proporcionar una forma para que los autores de cajas proporcionen "
|
|
|
"API compatibles con C\n"
|
|
|
"a través de diferentes ABI (aunque eso no es importante para esta práctica)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:21
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Well-designed Rust FFI follows C API design principles, while compromising "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"design in Rust as little as possible. There are three goals with any foreign "
|
|
|
"API:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust FFI bien diseñado sigue los principios de diseño de C API, al tiempo "
|
|
|
"que compromete la\n"
|
|
|
"diseño en Rust lo menos posible. Hay tres objetivos con cualquier API "
|
|
|
"extranjera:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:24
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. Make it easy to use in the target language.\n"
|
|
|
"2. Avoid the API dictating internal unsafety on the Rust side as much as "
|
|
|
"possible.\n"
|
|
|
"3. Keep the potential for memory unsafety and Rust `undefined behaviour` as "
|
|
|
"small\n"
|
|
|
" as possible."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. Facilite su uso en el idioma de destino.\n"
|
|
|
"2. Evite que la API dicte inseguridad interna en el lado de Rust tanto como "
|
|
|
"sea posible.\n"
|
|
|
"3. Mantenga el potencial de inseguridad de la memoria y el \"comportamiento "
|
|
|
"indefinido\" de Rust como pequeño\n"
|
|
|
" como sea posible."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:29
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust code must trust the memory safety of the foreign language beyond a "
|
|
|
"certain\n"
|
|
|
"point. However, every bit of `unsafe` code on the Rust side is an "
|
|
|
"opportunity for\n"
|
|
|
"bugs, or to exacerbate `undefined behaviour`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El código Rust debe confiar en la seguridad de la memoria del idioma "
|
|
|
"extranjero más allá de cierto\n"
|
|
|
"punto. Sin embargo, cada fragmento de código \"inseguro\" en el lado de Rust "
|
|
|
"es una oportunidad para\n"
|
|
|
"errores, o para exacerbar el \"comportamiento indefinido\"."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:33
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"For example, if a pointer provenance is wrong, that may be a segfault due "
|
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
|
"invalid memory access. But if it is manipulated by unsafe code, it could "
|
|
|
"become\n"
|
|
|
"full-blown heap corruption."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Por ejemplo, si la procedencia de un puntero es incorrecta, eso puede ser un "
|
|
|
"error de segmentación debido a\n"
|
|
|
"acceso a memoria inválido. Pero si es manipulado por un código no seguro, "
|
|
|
"podría volverse\n"
|
|
|
"corrupción del montón en toda regla."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:37
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The Object-Based API design allows for writing shims that have good memory "
|
|
|
"safety\n"
|
|
|
"characteristics, and a clean boundary of what is safe and what is `unsafe`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El diseño de la API basada en objetos permite escribir correcciones que "
|
|
|
"tienen buena seguridad de memoria\n"
|
|
|
"características, y un límite claro de lo que es seguro y lo que es "
|
|
|
"\"inseguro\"."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:42
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The POSIX standard defines the API to access an on-file database, known as "
|
|
|
"[DBM](https://web.archive.org/web/20210105035602/https://www.mankier.com/0p/ndbm.h).\n"
|
|
|
"It is an excellent example of an \"object-based\" API."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El estándar POSIX define la API para acceder a una base de datos en archivo, "
|
|
|
"conocida como "
|
|
|
"[DBM](https://web.archive.org/web/20210105035602/https://www.mankier.com/0p/ndbm.h) "
|
|
|
".\n"
|
|
|
"Es un excelente ejemplo de una API \"basada en objetos\"."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:45
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Here is the definition in C, which hopefully should be easy to read for "
|
|
|
"those\n"
|
|
|
"involved in FFI. The commentary below should help explain it for those who\n"
|
|
|
"miss the subtleties."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Aquí está la definición en C, que con suerte debería ser fácil de leer para "
|
|
|
"aquellos\n"
|
|
|
"involucrados en FFI. El comentario a continuación debería ayudar a "
|
|
|
"explicarlo para aquellos que\n"
|
|
|
"perder las sutilezas."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:49
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```C\n"
|
|
|
"struct DBM;\n"
|
|
|
"typedef struct { void *dptr, size_t dsize } datum;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"int dbm_clearerr(DBM *);\n"
|
|
|
"void dbm_close(DBM *);\n"
|
|
|
"int dbm_delete(DBM *, datum);\n"
|
|
|
"int dbm_error(DBM *);\n"
|
|
|
"datum dbm_fetch(DBM *, datum);\n"
|
|
|
"datum dbm_firstkey(DBM *);\n"
|
|
|
"datum dbm_nextkey(DBM *);\n"
|
|
|
"DBM *dbm_open(const char *, int, mode_t);\n"
|
|
|
"int dbm_store(DBM *, datum, datum, int);\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:64
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "This API defines two types: `DBM` and `datum`."
|
|
|
msgstr "Esta API define dos tipos: `DBM` y `datum`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:66
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The `DBM` type was called an \"encapsulated\" type above.\n"
|
|
|
"It is designed to contain internal state, and acts as an entry point for "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"library's behavior."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El tipo `DBM` se denominó tipo \"encapsulado\" anteriormente.\n"
|
|
|
"Está diseñado para contener el estado interno y actúa como un punto de "
|
|
|
"entrada para el\n"
|
|
|
"comportamiento de la biblioteca."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:70
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"It is completely opaque to the user, who cannot create a `DBM` themselves "
|
|
|
"since\n"
|
|
|
"they don't know its size or layout. Instead, they must call `dbm_open`, and "
|
|
|
"that\n"
|
|
|
"only gives them _a pointer to one_."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Es completamente opaco para el usuario, que no puede crear un 'DBM' por sí "
|
|
|
"mismo ya que\n"
|
|
|
"no saben su tamaño o diseño. En su lugar, deben llamar a `dbm_open`, y eso\n"
|
|
|
"solo les da _un puntero a uno_."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:74
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This means all `DBM`s are \"owned\" by the library in a Rust sense.\n"
|
|
|
"The internal state of unknown size is kept in memory controlled by the "
|
|
|
"library,\n"
|
|
|
"not the user. The user can only manage its life cycle with `open` and "
|
|
|
"`close`,\n"
|
|
|
"and perform operations on it with the other functions."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto significa que todos los 'DBM' son \"propiedad\" de la biblioteca en el "
|
|
|
"sentido de Rust.\n"
|
|
|
"El estado interno de tamaño desconocido se mantiene en la memoria controlada "
|
|
|
"por la biblioteca,\n"
|
|
|
"no el usuario. El usuario solo puede gestionar su ciclo de vida con `abrir` "
|
|
|
"y `cerrar`,\n"
|
|
|
"y realizar operaciones en él con las otras funciones."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:79
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The `datum` type was called a \"transactional\" type above.\n"
|
|
|
"It is designed to facilitate the exchange of information between the library "
|
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
|
"its user."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El tipo `datum` se denominó tipo \"transaccional\" anteriormente.\n"
|
|
|
"Está diseñado para facilitar el intercambio de información entre la "
|
|
|
"biblioteca y\n"
|
|
|
"su usuario."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:83
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The database is designed to store \"unstructured data\", with no pre-defined "
|
|
|
"length\n"
|
|
|
"or meaning. As a result, the `datum` is the C equivalent of a Rust slice: a "
|
|
|
"bunch\n"
|
|
|
"of bytes, and a count of how many there are. The main difference is that "
|
|
|
"there is\n"
|
|
|
"no type information, which is what `void` indicates."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La base de datos está diseñada para almacenar \"datos no estructurados\", "
|
|
|
"sin longitud predefinida\n"
|
|
|
"o significado. Como resultado, el `dato` es el equivalente en C de una "
|
|
|
"rebanada de Rust: un montón\n"
|
|
|
"de bytes, y un recuento de cuántos hay. La principal diferencia es que hay\n"
|
|
|
"sin información de tipo, que es lo que indica `void`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:88
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Keep in mind that this header is written from the library's point of view.\n"
|
|
|
"The user likely has some type they are using, which has a known size.\n"
|
|
|
"But the library does not care, and by the rules of C casting, any type "
|
|
|
"behind a\n"
|
|
|
"pointer can be cast to `void`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Tenga en cuenta que este encabezado está escrito desde el punto de vista de "
|
|
|
"la biblioteca.\n"
|
|
|
"Es probable que el usuario tenga algún tipo que esté usando, que tenga un "
|
|
|
"tamaño conocido.\n"
|
|
|
"Pero a la biblioteca no le importa, y según las reglas de conversión de C, "
|
|
|
"cualquier tipo detrás de un\n"
|
|
|
"el puntero se puede convertir en `void`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:93
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"As noted earlier, this type is _transparent_ to the user. But also, this "
|
|
|
"type is\n"
|
|
|
"_owned_ by the user.\n"
|
|
|
"This has subtle ramifications, due to that pointer inside it.\n"
|
|
|
"The question is, who owns the memory that pointer points to?"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Como se señaló anteriormente, este tipo es _transparente_ para el usuario. "
|
|
|
"Pero también, este tipo es\n"
|
|
|
"_propiedad_ del usuario.\n"
|
|
|
"Esto tiene ramificaciones sutiles, debido a ese puntero en su interior.\n"
|
|
|
"La pregunta es, ¿quién posee la memoria a la que apunta el puntero?"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:98
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The answer for best memory safety is, \"the user\".\n"
|
|
|
"But in cases such as retrieving a value, the user does not know how to "
|
|
|
"allocate\n"
|
|
|
"it correctly (since they don't know how long the value is). In this case, "
|
|
|
"the library\n"
|
|
|
"code is expected to use the heap that the user has access to -- such as the "
|
|
|
"C library\n"
|
|
|
"`malloc` and `free` -- and then _transfer ownership_ in the Rust sense."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La respuesta para la mejor seguridad de la memoria es \"el usuario\".\n"
|
|
|
"Pero en casos como recuperar un valor, el usuario no sabe cómo asignar\n"
|
|
|
"correctamente (ya que no saben cuánto tiempo es el valor). En este caso, la "
|
|
|
"biblioteca.\n"
|
|
|
"Se espera que el código use el montón al que el usuario tiene acceso, como "
|
|
|
"la biblioteca C.\n"
|
|
|
"`malloc` y `free` -- y luego _transferir propiedad_ en el sentido de Rust."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:104
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This may all seem speculative, but this is what a pointer means in C.\n"
|
|
|
"It means the same thing as Rust: \"user defined lifetime.\"\n"
|
|
|
"The user of the library needs to read the documentation in order to use it "
|
|
|
"correctly.\n"
|
|
|
"That said, there are some decisions that have fewer or greater consequences "
|
|
|
"if users\n"
|
|
|
"do it wrong. Minimizing those are what this best practice is about, and the "
|
|
|
"key\n"
|
|
|
"is to _transfer ownership of everything that is transparent_."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Todo esto puede parecer especulativo, pero esto es lo que significa un "
|
|
|
"puntero en C.\n"
|
|
|
"Significa lo mismo que Rust: \"vida útil definida por el usuario\".\n"
|
|
|
"El usuario de la biblioteca necesita leer la documentación para utilizarla "
|
|
|
"correctamente.\n"
|
|
|
"Dicho esto, hay algunas decisiones que tienen menos o mayores consecuencias "
|
|
|
"si los usuarios\n"
|
|
|
"hazlo mal Minimizarlos es de lo que se trata esta mejor práctica, y la "
|
|
|
"clave\n"
|
|
|
"es _transferir la propiedad de todo lo que es transparente_."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:113
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This minimizes the number of memory safety guarantees the user must uphold "
|
|
|
"to a\n"
|
|
|
"relatively small number:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto minimiza el número de garantías de seguridad de la memoria que el "
|
|
|
"usuario debe mantener a un nivel\n"
|
|
|
"número relativamente pequeño:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:116
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. Do not call any function with a pointer not returned by `dbm_open` "
|
|
|
"(invalid\n"
|
|
|
" access or corruption).\n"
|
|
|
"2. Do not call any function on a pointer after close (use after free).\n"
|
|
|
"3. The `dptr` on any `datum` must be `NULL`, or point to a valid slice of "
|
|
|
"memory\n"
|
|
|
" at the advertised length."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. No llame a ninguna función con un puntero no devuelto por `dbm_open` "
|
|
|
"(inválido\n"
|
|
|
" acceso o corrupción).\n"
|
|
|
"2. No llame a ninguna función en un puntero después de cerrar (usar después "
|
|
|
"de liberar).\n"
|
|
|
"3. El `dptr` en cualquier `datum` debe ser `NULL`, o apuntar a una porción "
|
|
|
"válida de memoria\n"
|
|
|
" en la longitud anunciada."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:122
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In addition, it avoids a lot of pointer provenance issues.\n"
|
|
|
"To understand why, let us consider an alternative in some depth: key "
|
|
|
"iteration."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Además, evita muchos problemas de procedencia de punteros.\n"
|
|
|
"Para entender por qué, consideremos una alternativa con cierta profundidad: "
|
|
|
"iteración clave."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:125
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust is well known for its iterators.\n"
|
|
|
"When implementing one, the programmer makes a separate type with a bounded "
|
|
|
"lifetime\n"
|
|
|
"to its owner, and implements the `Iterator` trait."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust es bien conocido por sus iteradores.\n"
|
|
|
"Al implementar uno, el programador crea un tipo separado con una vida útil "
|
|
|
"limitada\n"
|
|
|
"a su propietario, e implementa el rasgo `Iterator`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:129
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Here is how iteration would be done in Rust for `DBM`:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Así es como se haría la iteración en Rust para `DBM`:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:131
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"struct Dbm { ... }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl Dbm {\n"
|
|
|
" /* ... */\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn keys<'it>(&'it self) -> DbmKeysIter<'it> { ... }\n"
|
|
|
" /* ... */\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct DbmKeysIter<'it> {\n"
|
|
|
" owner: &'it Dbm,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl<'it> Iterator for DbmKeysIter<'it> { ... }\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:147
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This is clean, idiomatic, and safe. thanks to Rust's guarantees.\n"
|
|
|
"However, consider what a straightforward API translation would look like:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto es limpio, idiomático y seguro. gracias a las garantías de Rust.\n"
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, considere cómo se vería una traducción de API sencilla:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:150
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
|
"pub extern \"C\" fn dbm_iter_new(owner: *const Dbm) -> *mut DbmKeysIter {\n"
|
|
|
" // THIS API IS A BAD IDEA! For real applications, use object-based "
|
|
|
"design instead.\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
|
"pub extern \"C\" fn dbm_iter_next(\n"
|
|
|
" iter: *mut DbmKeysIter,\n"
|
|
|
" key_out: *const datum\n"
|
|
|
") -> libc::c_int {\n"
|
|
|
" // THIS API IS A BAD IDEA! For real applications, use object-based "
|
|
|
"design instead.\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
|
"pub extern \"C\" fn dbm_iter_del(*mut DbmKeysIter) {\n"
|
|
|
" // THIS API IS A BAD IDEA! For real applications, use object-based "
|
|
|
"design instead.\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:168
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This API loses a key piece of information: the lifetime of the iterator must "
|
|
|
"not\n"
|
|
|
"exceed the lifetime of the `Dbm` object that owns it. A user of the library "
|
|
|
"could\n"
|
|
|
"use it in a way which causes the iterator to outlive the data it is "
|
|
|
"iterating on,\n"
|
|
|
"resulting in reading uninitialized memory."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esta API pierde una pieza clave de información: la vida útil del iterador no "
|
|
|
"debe\n"
|
|
|
"exceda la vida útil del objeto `Dbm` que lo posee. Un usuario de la "
|
|
|
"biblioteca podría\n"
|
|
|
"úselo de una manera que haga que el iterador sobreviva a los datos en los "
|
|
|
"que está iterando,\n"
|
|
|
"resultando en la lectura de la memoria no inicializada."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:173
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This example written in C contains a bug that will be explained afterwards:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Este ejemplo escrito en C contiene un error que se explicará más adelante:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:175
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```C\n"
|
|
|
"int count_key_sizes(DBM *db) {\n"
|
|
|
" // DO NOT USE THIS FUNCTION. IT HAS A SUBTLE BUT SERIOUS BUG!\n"
|
|
|
" datum key;\n"
|
|
|
" int len = 0;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" if (!dbm_iter_new(db)) {\n"
|
|
|
" dbm_close(db);\n"
|
|
|
" return -1;\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" int l;\n"
|
|
|
" while ((l = dbm_iter_next(owner, &key)) >= 0) { // an error is indicated "
|
|
|
"by -1\n"
|
|
|
" free(key.dptr);\n"
|
|
|
" len += key.dsize;\n"
|
|
|
" if (l == 0) { // end of the iterator\n"
|
|
|
" dbm_close(owner);\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" if l >= 0 {\n"
|
|
|
" return -1;\n"
|
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
|
" return len;\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:202
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This bug is a classic. Here's what happens when the iterator returns the\n"
|
|
|
"end-of-iteration marker:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Este error es un clásico. Esto es lo que sucede cuando el iterador devuelve "
|
|
|
"el\n"
|
|
|
"marcador de fin de iteración:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:205
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. The loop condition sets `l` to zero, and enters the loop because `0 >= "
|
|
|
"0`.\n"
|
|
|
"2. The length is incremented, in this case by zero.\n"
|
|
|
"3. The if statement is true, so the database is closed. There should be a "
|
|
|
"break\n"
|
|
|
" statement here.\n"
|
|
|
"4. The loop condition executes again, causing a `next` call on the closed "
|
|
|
"object."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. La condición del bucle establece `l` en cero y entra en el bucle porque "
|
|
|
"`0 >= 0`.\n"
|
|
|
"2. La longitud se incrementa, en este caso por cero.\n"
|
|
|
"3. La declaración if es verdadera, por lo que la base de datos está cerrada. "
|
|
|
"debe haber un descanso\n"
|
|
|
" declaración aquí.\n"
|
|
|
"4. La condición de bucle se ejecuta de nuevo, provocando una llamada "
|
|
|
"`siguiente` en el objeto cerrado."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:211
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The worst part about this bug?\n"
|
|
|
"If the Rust implementation was careful, this code will work most of the "
|
|
|
"time!\n"
|
|
|
"If the memory for the `Dbm` object is not immediately reused, an internal "
|
|
|
"check\n"
|
|
|
"will almost certainly fail, resulting in the iterator returning a `-1` "
|
|
|
"indicating\n"
|
|
|
"an error. But occasionally, it will cause a segmentation fault, or even "
|
|
|
"worse,\n"
|
|
|
"nonsensical memory corruption!"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"¿La peor parte de este error?\n"
|
|
|
"Si la implementación de Rust fue cuidadosa, ¡este código funcionará la mayor "
|
|
|
"parte del tiempo!\n"
|
|
|
"Si la memoria para el objeto `Dbm` no se reutiliza de inmediato, una "
|
|
|
"verificación interna\n"
|
|
|
"es casi seguro que fallará, lo que hará que el iterador devuelva un `-1` que "
|
|
|
"indica\n"
|
|
|
"un error. Pero en ocasiones, provocará un fallo de segmentación, o peor "
|
|
|
"aún,\n"
|
|
|
"Corrupción de memoria sin sentido!"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:218
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"None of this can be avoided by Rust.\n"
|
|
|
"From its perspective, it put those objects on its heap, returned pointers to "
|
|
|
"them,\n"
|
|
|
"and gave up control of their lifetimes. The C code simply must \"play nice\"."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust no puede evitar nada de esto.\n"
|
|
|
"Desde su perspectiva, puso esos objetos en su montón, les devolvió "
|
|
|
"punteros,\n"
|
|
|
"y cedieron el control de sus vidas. El código C simplemente debe \"jugar "
|
|
|
"bien\"."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:222
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The programmer must read and understand the API documentation.\n"
|
|
|
"While some consider that par for the course in C, a good API design can "
|
|
|
"mitigate\n"
|
|
|
"this risk. The POSIX API for `DBM` did this by _consolidating the ownership_ "
|
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
|
"the iterator with its parent:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El programador debe leer y comprender la documentación de la API.\n"
|
|
|
"Mientras que algunos consideran que está a la par del curso en C, un buen "
|
|
|
"diseño de API puede mitigar\n"
|
|
|
"este riesgo La API POSIX para `DBM` hizo esto al _consolidar la propiedad_ "
|
|
|
"de\n"
|
|
|
"el iterador con su padre:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:227
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```C\n"
|
|
|
"datum dbm_firstkey(DBM *);\n"
|
|
|
"datum dbm_nextkey(DBM *);\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:232
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Thus, all the lifetimes were bound together, and such unsafety was prevented."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Por lo tanto, todas las vidas estaban unidas y se previno tal inseguridad."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:236
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"However, this design choice also has a number of drawbacks, which should be\n"
|
|
|
"considered as well."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, esta elección de diseño también tiene una serie de "
|
|
|
"inconvenientes, que deben ser\n"
|
|
|
"considerado también."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:239
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"First, the API itself becomes less expressive.\n"
|
|
|
"With POSIX DBM, there is only one iterator per object, and every call "
|
|
|
"changes\n"
|
|
|
"its state. This is much more restrictive than iterators in almost any "
|
|
|
"language,\n"
|
|
|
"even though it is safe. Perhaps with other related objects, whose lifetimes "
|
|
|
"are\n"
|
|
|
"less hierarchical, this limitation is more of a cost than the safety."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Primero, la propia API se vuelve menos expresiva.\n"
|
|
|
"Con POSIX DBM, solo hay un iterador por objeto y cada llamada cambia\n"
|
|
|
"su estado Esto es mucho más restrictivo que los iteradores en casi cualquier "
|
|
|
"idioma,\n"
|
|
|
"aunque sea seguro. Tal vez con otros objetos relacionados, cuyas vidas son\n"
|
|
|
"menos jerárquica, esta limitación es más costosa que la seguridad."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:245
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Second, depending on the relationships of the API's parts, significant "
|
|
|
"design effort\n"
|
|
|
"may be involved. Many of the easier design points have other patterns "
|
|
|
"associated\n"
|
|
|
"with them:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Segundo, dependiendo de las relaciones de las partes de la API, un esfuerzo "
|
|
|
"de diseño significativo\n"
|
|
|
"puede estar implicado. Muchos de los puntos de diseño más fáciles tienen "
|
|
|
"otros patrones asociados\n"
|
|
|
"con ellos:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:249
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [Wrapper Type Consolidation](./wrappers.md) groups multiple Rust types "
|
|
|
"together\n"
|
|
|
" into an opaque \"object\"\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- [FFI Error Passing](../../idioms/ffi/errors.md) explains error handling "
|
|
|
"with integer\n"
|
|
|
" codes and sentinel return values (such as `NULL` pointers)\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- [Accepting Foreign Strings](../../idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md) allows "
|
|
|
"accepting\n"
|
|
|
" strings with minimal unsafe code, and is easier to get right than\n"
|
|
|
" [Passing Strings to FFI](../../idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Consolidación de tipos de contenedor] (./wrappers.md) agrupa varios tipos "
|
|
|
"de Rust juntos\n"
|
|
|
" en un \"objeto\" opaco\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- [FFI Error Passing](../../idioms/ffi/errors.md) explica el manejo de "
|
|
|
"errores con enteros\n"
|
|
|
" códigos y valores de retorno de centinela (como punteros `NULL`)\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- [Accepting Foreign Strings](../../idioms/ffi/accepting-strings.md) permite "
|
|
|
"aceptar\n"
|
|
|
" cadenas con código inseguro mínimo, y es más fácil hacerlo bien que\n"
|
|
|
" [Pasar cadenas a FFI](../../idioms/ffi/passing-strings.md)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/export.md:259
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"However, not every API can be done this way.\n"
|
|
|
"It is up to the best judgement of the programmer as to who their audience is."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, no todas las API se pueden hacer de esta manera.\n"
|
|
|
"Depende del mejor juicio del programador quién es su audiencia."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Type Consolidation into Wrappers"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Escriba la consolidación en contenedores"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This pattern is designed to allow gracefully handling multiple related "
|
|
|
"types,\n"
|
|
|
"while minimizing the surface area for memory unsafety."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Este patrón está diseñado para permitir el manejo elegante de múltiples "
|
|
|
"tipos relacionados,\n"
|
|
|
"mientras minimiza el área de superficie para la inseguridad de la memoria."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:8
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"One of the cornerstones of Rust's aliasing rules is lifetimes.\n"
|
|
|
"This ensures that many patterns of access between types can be memory safe,\n"
|
|
|
"data race safety included."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Una de las piedras angulares de las reglas de aliasing de Rust son las "
|
|
|
"vidas.\n"
|
|
|
"Esto asegura que muchos patrones de acceso entre tipos puedan ser seguros "
|
|
|
"para la memoria,\n"
|
|
|
"seguridad de carrera de datos incluida."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:12
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"However, when Rust types are exported to other languages, they are usually "
|
|
|
"transformed\n"
|
|
|
"into pointers. In Rust, a pointer means \"the user manages the lifetime of "
|
|
|
"the pointee.\"\n"
|
|
|
"It is their responsibility to avoid memory unsafety."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, cuando los tipos de Rust se exportan a otros lenguajes, "
|
|
|
"generalmente se transforman\n"
|
|
|
"en punteros. En Rust, un puntero significa \"el usuario administra la vida "
|
|
|
"útil del pointee\".\n"
|
|
|
"Es su responsabilidad evitar la inseguridad de la memoria."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:16
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Some level of trust in the user code is thus required, notably around "
|
|
|
"use-after-free\n"
|
|
|
"which Rust can do nothing about. However, some API designs place higher "
|
|
|
"burdens\n"
|
|
|
"than others on the code written in the other language."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Por lo tanto, se requiere cierto nivel de confianza en el código de usuario, "
|
|
|
"especialmente en torno al uso después de la liberación.\n"
|
|
|
"sobre el cual Rust no puede hacer nada. Sin embargo, algunos diseños de API "
|
|
|
"imponen mayores cargas\n"
|
|
|
"que otros en el código escrito en el otro idioma."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:20
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The lowest risk API is the \"consolidated wrapper\", where all possible "
|
|
|
"interactions\n"
|
|
|
"with an object are folded into a \"wrapper type\", while keeping the Rust "
|
|
|
"API clean."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La API de menor riesgo es el \"contenedor consolidado\", donde todas las "
|
|
|
"posibles interacciones\n"
|
|
|
"con un objeto se pliegan en un \"tipo contenedor\", mientras se mantiene "
|
|
|
"limpia la API de Rust."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:25
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"To understand this, let us look at a classic example of an API to export: "
|
|
|
"iteration\n"
|
|
|
"through a collection."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Para entender esto, veamos un ejemplo clásico de una API para exportar: "
|
|
|
"iteración\n"
|
|
|
"a través de una colección."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:28
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "That API looks like this:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Esa API se ve así:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:30
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. The iterator is initialized with `first_key`.\n"
|
|
|
"2. Each call to `next_key` will advance the iterator.\n"
|
|
|
"3. Calls to `next_key` if the iterator is at the end will do nothing.\n"
|
|
|
"4. As noted above, the iterator is \"wrapped into\" the collection (unlike "
|
|
|
"the native\n"
|
|
|
" Rust API)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. El iterador se inicializa con `first_key`.\n"
|
|
|
"2. Cada llamada a `next_key` hará avanzar el iterador.\n"
|
|
|
"3. Las llamadas a `next_key` si el iterador está al final no harán nada.\n"
|
|
|
"4. Como se señaló anteriormente, el iterador está \"envuelto\" en la "
|
|
|
"colección (a diferencia del nativo\n"
|
|
|
" API de óxido)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:36
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If the iterator implements `nth()` efficiently, then it is possible to make "
|
|
|
"it\n"
|
|
|
"ephemeral to each function call:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si el iterador implementa `nth()` de manera eficiente, entonces es posible "
|
|
|
"hacerlo\n"
|
|
|
"efímero a cada llamada de función:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:39
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"struct MySetWrapper {\n"
|
|
|
" myset: MySet,\n"
|
|
|
" iter_next: usize,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl MySetWrapper {\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn first_key(&mut self) -> Option<&Key> {\n"
|
|
|
" self.iter_next = 0;\n"
|
|
|
" self.next_key()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn next_key(&mut self) -> Option<&Key> {\n"
|
|
|
" if let Some(next) = self.myset.keys().nth(self.iter_next) {\n"
|
|
|
" self.iter_next += 1;\n"
|
|
|
" Some(next)\n"
|
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
|
" None\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:61
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "As a result, the wrapper is simple and contains no `unsafe` code."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Como resultado, el envoltorio es simple y no contiene código \"no seguro\"."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:65
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This makes APIs safer to use, avoiding issues with lifetimes between types.\n"
|
|
|
"See [Object-Based APIs](./export.md) for more on the advantages and "
|
|
|
"pitfalls\n"
|
|
|
"this avoids."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto hace que las API sean más seguras de usar, evitando problemas con la "
|
|
|
"vida útil entre tipos.\n"
|
|
|
"Consulte [API basadas en objetos] (./export.md) para obtener más información "
|
|
|
"sobre las ventajas y desventajas\n"
|
|
|
"esto evita."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:71
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Often, wrapping types is quite difficult, and sometimes a Rust API "
|
|
|
"compromise\n"
|
|
|
"would make things easier."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"A menudo, envolver tipos es bastante difícil y, a veces, un compromiso de la "
|
|
|
"API de Rust\n"
|
|
|
"facilitaría las cosas."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:74
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"As an example, consider an iterator which does not efficiently implement "
|
|
|
"`nth()`.\n"
|
|
|
"It would definitely be worth putting in special logic to make the object "
|
|
|
"handle\n"
|
|
|
"iteration internally, or to support a different access pattern efficiently "
|
|
|
"that\n"
|
|
|
"only the Foreign Function API will use."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Como ejemplo, considere un iterador que no implementa eficientemente "
|
|
|
"`nth()`.\n"
|
|
|
"Definitivamente valdría la pena poner una lógica especial para hacer que el "
|
|
|
"objeto maneje\n"
|
|
|
"iteración internamente, o para admitir un patrón de acceso diferente de "
|
|
|
"manera eficiente que\n"
|
|
|
"solo se utilizará la API de funciones externas."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:79
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "### Trying to Wrap Iterators (and Failing)"
|
|
|
msgstr "### Tratando de envolver iteradores (y fallando)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:81
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"To wrap any type of iterator into the API correctly, the wrapper would need "
|
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
|
"do what a C version of the code would do: erase the lifetime of the "
|
|
|
"iterator,\n"
|
|
|
"and manage it manually."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Para envolver cualquier tipo de iterador en la API correctamente, el "
|
|
|
"envoltorio tendría que\n"
|
|
|
"hacer lo que haría una versión C del código: borrar la vida útil del "
|
|
|
"iterador,\n"
|
|
|
"y administrarlo manualmente."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:85
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Suffice it to say, this is _incredibly_ difficult."
|
|
|
msgstr "Baste decir que esto es _increíblemente_ difícil."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:87
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Here is an illustration of just _one_ pitfall."
|
|
|
msgstr "Aquí hay una ilustración de solo _one_ escollo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:89
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "A first version of `MySetWrapper` would look like this:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Una primera versión de `MySetWrapper` se vería así:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:91
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"struct MySetWrapper {\n"
|
|
|
" myset: MySet,\n"
|
|
|
" iter_next: usize,\n"
|
|
|
" // created from a transmuted Box<KeysIter + 'self>\n"
|
|
|
" iterator: Option<NonNull<KeysIter<'static>>>,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:100
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"With `transmute` being used to extend a lifetime, and a pointer to hide it,\n"
|
|
|
"it's ugly already. But it gets even worse: _any other operation can cause\n"
|
|
|
"Rust `undefined behaviour`_."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Con 'transmutar' que se usa para extender la vida útil y un puntero para "
|
|
|
"ocultarlo,\n"
|
|
|
"ya es feo. Pero se pone aún peor: _cualquier otra operación puede causar\n"
|
|
|
"Rust `comportamiento indefinido`_."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:104
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Consider that the `MySet` in the wrapper could be manipulated by other\n"
|
|
|
"functions during iteration, such as storing a new value to the key it was\n"
|
|
|
"iterating over. The API doesn't discourage this, and in fact some similar C\n"
|
|
|
"libraries expect it."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Considere que `MySet` en el contenedor podría ser manipulado por otros\n"
|
|
|
"funciones durante la iteración, como almacenar un nuevo valor en la clave "
|
|
|
"que fue\n"
|
|
|
"iterando sobre. La API no desaconseja esto, y de hecho algunos C similares\n"
|
|
|
"las bibliotecas lo esperan."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:109
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "A simple implementation of `myset_store` would be:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Una implementación simple de `myset_store` sería:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:111
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"pub mod unsafe_module {\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // other module content\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn myset_store(\n"
|
|
|
" myset: *mut MySetWrapper,\n"
|
|
|
" key: datum,\n"
|
|
|
" value: datum) -> libc::c_int {\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // DO NOT USE THIS CODE. IT IS UNSAFE TO DEMONSTRATE A PROLBEM.\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" let myset: &mut MySet = unsafe { // SAFETY: whoops, UB occurs in "
|
|
|
"here!\n"
|
|
|
" &mut (*myset).myset\n"
|
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" /* ...check and cast key and value data... */\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" match myset.store(casted_key, casted_value) {\n"
|
|
|
" Ok(_) => 0,\n"
|
|
|
" Err(e) => e.into()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:137
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If the iterator exists when this function is called, we have violated one of "
|
|
|
"Rust's\n"
|
|
|
"aliasing rules. According to Rust, the mutable reference in this block must "
|
|
|
"have\n"
|
|
|
"_exclusive_ access to the object. If the iterator simply exists, it's not "
|
|
|
"exclusive,\n"
|
|
|
"so we have `undefined behaviour`! "
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si el iterador existe cuando se llama a esta función, hemos violado una de "
|
|
|
"las reglas de Rust\n"
|
|
|
"reglas de alias. Según Rust, la referencia mutable en este bloque debe "
|
|
|
"tener\n"
|
|
|
"acceso _exclusivo_ al objeto. Si el iterador simplemente existe, no es "
|
|
|
"exclusivo,\n"
|
|
|
"¡así que tenemos un `comportamiento indefinido`!"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:142
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"To avoid this, we must have a way of ensuring that mutable reference really "
|
|
|
"is exclusive.\n"
|
|
|
"That basically means clearing out the iterator's shared reference while it "
|
|
|
"exists,\n"
|
|
|
"and then reconstructing it. In most cases, that will still be less efficient "
|
|
|
"than\n"
|
|
|
"the C version."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Para evitar esto, debemos tener una forma de asegurar que la referencia "
|
|
|
"mutable sea realmente exclusiva.\n"
|
|
|
"Eso básicamente significa borrar la referencia compartida del iterador "
|
|
|
"mientras existe,\n"
|
|
|
"y luego reconstruirlo. En la mayoría de los casos, seguirá siendo menos "
|
|
|
"eficiente que\n"
|
|
|
"la versión C."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:147
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Some may ask: how can C do this more efficiently?\n"
|
|
|
"The answer is, it cheats. Rust's aliasing rules are the problem, and C "
|
|
|
"simply ignores\n"
|
|
|
"them for its pointers. In exchange, it is common to see code that is "
|
|
|
"declared\n"
|
|
|
"in the manual as \"not thread safe\" under some or all circumstances. In "
|
|
|
"fact,\n"
|
|
|
"the [GNU C "
|
|
|
"library](https://manpages.debian.org/buster/manpages/attributes.7.en.html)\n"
|
|
|
"has an entire lexicon dedicated to concurrent behavior!"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Algunos pueden preguntarse: ¿cómo puede C hacer esto de manera más "
|
|
|
"eficiente?\n"
|
|
|
"La respuesta es que hace trampa. Las reglas de alias de Rust son el "
|
|
|
"problema, y C simplemente ignora\n"
|
|
|
"ellos por sus punteros. A cambio, es común ver código que se declara\n"
|
|
|
"en el manual como \"no seguro para subprocesos\" en algunas o todas las "
|
|
|
"circunstancias. De hecho,\n"
|
|
|
"la [biblioteca GNU "
|
|
|
"C](https://manpages.debian.org/buster/manpages/attributes.7.en.html)\n"
|
|
|
"tiene un léxico completo dedicado al comportamiento concurrente!"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:154
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust would rather make everything memory safe all the time, for both safety "
|
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
|
"optimizations that C code cannot attain. Being denied access to certain "
|
|
|
"shortcuts\n"
|
|
|
"is the price Rust programmers need to pay."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust prefiere que todo sea seguro para la memoria todo el tiempo, tanto por "
|
|
|
"seguridad como por\n"
|
|
|
"optimizaciones que el código C no puede lograr. Ser denegado el acceso a "
|
|
|
"ciertos accesos directos\n"
|
|
|
"es el precio que los programadores de Rust deben pagar."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\patterns/ffi/wrappers.md:158
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"For the C programmers out there scratching their heads, the iterator need\n"
|
|
|
"not be read _during_ this code cause the UB. The exclusivity rule also "
|
|
|
"enables\n"
|
|
|
"compiler optimizations which may cause inconsistent observations by the "
|
|
|
"iterator's\n"
|
|
|
"shared reference (e.g. stack spills or reordering instructions for "
|
|
|
"efficiency).\n"
|
|
|
"These observations may happen _any time after_ the mutable reference is "
|
|
|
"created."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Para los programadores de C que se rascan la cabeza, el iterador necesita\n"
|
|
|
"no se leerá _durante_ este código causará la UB. La regla de exclusividad "
|
|
|
"también permite\n"
|
|
|
"optimizaciones del compilador que pueden causar observaciones inconsistentes "
|
|
|
"por parte del iterador\n"
|
|
|
"referencia compartida (por ejemplo, derrames de pilas o instrucciones de "
|
|
|
"reordenación para mayor eficiencia).\n"
|
|
|
"Estas observaciones pueden ocurrir _en cualquier momento después de_ que se "
|
|
|
"cree la referencia mutable."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/index.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Anti-patterns"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Anti-patrones"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/index.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"An [anti-pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-pattern) is a solution "
|
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
|
"a \"recurring problem that is usually ineffective and risks being highly\n"
|
|
|
"counterproductive\". Just as valuable as knowing how to solve a problem, is\n"
|
|
|
"knowing how _not_ to solve it. Anti-patterns give us great counter-examples "
|
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
|
"consider relative to design patterns. Anti-patterns are not confined to "
|
|
|
"code.\n"
|
|
|
"For example, a process can be an anti-pattern, too."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Un [antipatrón](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-pattern) es una solución "
|
|
|
"para\n"
|
|
|
"un \"problema recurrente que generalmente es ineficaz y corre el riesgo de "
|
|
|
"ser altamente\n"
|
|
|
"contraproducente\". Tan valioso como saber cómo resolver un problema, es\n"
|
|
|
"saber cómo _no_ resolverlo. Los antipatrones nos dan grandes contraejemplos "
|
|
|
"para\n"
|
|
|
"considerar en relación con los patrones de diseño. Los antipatrones no se "
|
|
|
"limitan al código.\n"
|
|
|
"Por ejemplo, un proceso también puede ser un antipatrón."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Clone to satisfy the borrow checker"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Clonar para satisfacer el verificador de préstamo"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The borrow checker prevents Rust users from developing otherwise unsafe code "
|
|
|
"by\n"
|
|
|
"ensuring that either: only one mutable reference exists, or potentially many "
|
|
|
"but\n"
|
|
|
"all immutable references exist. If the code written does not hold true to "
|
|
|
"these\n"
|
|
|
"conditions, this anti-pattern arises when the developer resolves the "
|
|
|
"compiler\n"
|
|
|
"error by cloning the variable."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El verificador de préstamos evita que los usuarios de Rust desarrollen "
|
|
|
"código que de otro modo no sería seguro.\n"
|
|
|
"asegurando que: solo existe una referencia mutable, o potencialmente muchas "
|
|
|
"pero\n"
|
|
|
"todas las referencias inmutables existen. Si el código escrito no es fiel a "
|
|
|
"estos\n"
|
|
|
"condiciones, este antipatrón surge cuando el desarrollador resuelve el "
|
|
|
"compilador\n"
|
|
|
"error al clonar la variable."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:13
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"// define any variable\n"
|
|
|
"let mut x = 5;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// Borrow `x` -- but clone it first\n"
|
|
|
"let y = &mut (x.clone());\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// without the x.clone() two lines prior, this line would fail on compile "
|
|
|
"as\n"
|
|
|
"// x has been borrowed\n"
|
|
|
"// thanks to x.clone(), x was never borrowed, and this line will run.\n"
|
|
|
"println!(\"{}\", x);\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// perform some action on the borrow to prevent rust from optimizing this\n"
|
|
|
"//out of existence\n"
|
|
|
"*y += 1;\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:32
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"It is tempting, particularly for beginners, to use this pattern to resolve\n"
|
|
|
"confusing issues with the borrow checker. However, there are serious\n"
|
|
|
"consequences. Using `.clone()` causes a copy of the data to be made. Any "
|
|
|
"changes\n"
|
|
|
"between the two are not synchronized -- as if two completely separate "
|
|
|
"variables\n"
|
|
|
"exist."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Es tentador, especialmente para los principiantes, usar este patrón para "
|
|
|
"resolver\n"
|
|
|
"Problemas confusos con el verificador de préstamos. Sin embargo, existen "
|
|
|
"graves\n"
|
|
|
"consecuencias. El uso de `.clone()` hace que se haga una copia de los datos. "
|
|
|
"Algún cambio\n"
|
|
|
"entre los dos no están sincronizados, como si dos variables completamente "
|
|
|
"separadas\n"
|
|
|
"existir."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:38
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"There are special cases -- `Rc<T>` is designed to handle clones "
|
|
|
"intelligently.\n"
|
|
|
"It internally manages exactly one copy of the data, and cloning it will "
|
|
|
"only\n"
|
|
|
"clone the reference."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Hay casos especiales: `Rc<T>` está diseñado para manejar clones de forma "
|
|
|
"inteligente.\n"
|
|
|
"Administra internamente exactamente una copia de los datos, y clonarlos "
|
|
|
"solo\n"
|
|
|
"clonar la referencia."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:42
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"There is also `Arc<T>` which provides shared ownership of a value of type T\n"
|
|
|
"that is allocated in the heap. Invoking `.clone()` on `Arc` produces a new "
|
|
|
"`Arc`\n"
|
|
|
"instance, which points to the same allocation on the heap as the source "
|
|
|
"`Arc`,\n"
|
|
|
"while increasing a reference count."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"También existe `Arc<T>` que proporciona la propiedad compartida de un valor "
|
|
|
"de tipo T\n"
|
|
|
"que se asigna en el montón. Invocar `.clone()` en `Arc` produce un nuevo "
|
|
|
"`Arc`\n"
|
|
|
"instancia, que apunta a la misma asignación en el montón que la fuente "
|
|
|
"`Arc`,\n"
|
|
|
"mientras aumenta un recuento de referencia."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:47
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In general, clones should be deliberate, with full understanding of the\n"
|
|
|
"consequences. If a clone is used to make a borrow checker error disappear,\n"
|
|
|
"that's a good indication this anti-pattern may be in use."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En general, los clones deben ser deliberados, con pleno conocimiento de los\n"
|
|
|
"consecuencias. Si se usa un clon para hacer que desaparezca un error del "
|
|
|
"comprobador de préstamo,\n"
|
|
|
"esa es una buena indicación de que este antipatrón puede estar en uso."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:51
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Even though `.clone()` is an indication of a bad pattern, sometimes\n"
|
|
|
"**it is fine to write inefficient code**, in cases such as when:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Aunque `.clone()` es una indicación de un mal patrón, a veces\n"
|
|
|
"**está bien escribir código ineficiente**, en casos como cuando:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:54
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- the developer is still new to ownership\n"
|
|
|
"- the code doesn't have great speed or memory constraints\n"
|
|
|
" (like hackathon projects or prototypes)\n"
|
|
|
"- satisfying the borrow checker is really complicated, and you prefer to\n"
|
|
|
" optimize readability over performance"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- el desarrollador aún es nuevo en la propiedad\n"
|
|
|
"- el código no tiene grandes limitaciones de velocidad o memoria\n"
|
|
|
" (como proyectos de hackathon o prototipos)\n"
|
|
|
"- satisfacer el verificador de préstamos es realmente complicado, y "
|
|
|
"prefieres\n"
|
|
|
" optimizar la legibilidad sobre el rendimiento"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:60
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"If an unnecessary clone is suspected, The [Rust Book's chapter on "
|
|
|
"Ownership](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ownership.html)\n"
|
|
|
"should be understood fully before assessing whether the clone is required or "
|
|
|
"not."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si se sospecha de un clon innecesario, el [capítulo de Rust Book sobre "
|
|
|
"propiedad] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ownership.html)\n"
|
|
|
"debe entenderse completamente antes de evaluar si el clon es necesario o no."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:63
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Also be sure to always run `cargo clippy` in your project, which will detect "
|
|
|
"some\n"
|
|
|
"cases in which `.clone()` is not necessary, like "
|
|
|
"[1](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#redundant_clone),\n"
|
|
|
"[2](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#clone_on_copy),\n"
|
|
|
"[3](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#map_clone) or "
|
|
|
"[4](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#clone_double_ref)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"También asegúrese de ejecutar siempre `cargo clippy` en su proyecto, que "
|
|
|
"detectará algunos\n"
|
|
|
"casos en los que `.clone()` no es necesario, como "
|
|
|
"[1](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#redundant_clone),\n"
|
|
|
"[2](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#clone_on_copy),\n"
|
|
|
"[3](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#map_clone) o "
|
|
|
"[4](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master "
|
|
|
"/index.html#clone_double_ref)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/borrow_clone.md:70
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [`mem::{take(_), replace(_)}` to keep owned values in changed "
|
|
|
"enums](../idioms/mem-replace.md)\n"
|
|
|
"- [`Rc<T>` documentation, which handles .clone() "
|
|
|
"intelligently](http://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/)\n"
|
|
|
"- [`Arc<T>` documentation, a thread-safe reference-counting "
|
|
|
"pointer](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Tricks with ownership in "
|
|
|
"Rust](https://web.archive.org/web/20210120233744/https://xion.io/post/code/rust-borrowchk-tricks.html)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [`mem::{take(_), replace(_)}` para mantener los valores propios en las "
|
|
|
"enumeraciones modificadas](../idioms/mem-replace.md)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Documentación `Rc<T>`, que maneja .clone() "
|
|
|
"inteligentemente](http://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Documentación de `Arc<T>`, un puntero de recuento de referencia seguro "
|
|
|
"para subprocesos] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Trucos con propiedad en "
|
|
|
"Rust](https://web.archive.org/web/20210120233744/https://xion.io/post/code/rust-borrowchk-tricks.html)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# `#![deny(warnings)]`"
|
|
|
msgstr "# `#![negar(advertencias)]`"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"A well-intentioned crate author wants to ensure their code builds without\n"
|
|
|
"warnings. So they annotate their crate root with the following:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Un autor de cajas bien intencionado quiere asegurarse de que su código se "
|
|
|
"construya sin\n"
|
|
|
"advertencias Así que anotan su raíz de caja con lo siguiente:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:10
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"#![deny(warnings)]\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// All is well.\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:18
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "It is short and will stop the build if anything is amiss."
|
|
|
msgstr "Es breve y detendrá la compilación si algo anda mal."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:20
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Drawbacks"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Inconvenientes"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:22
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"By disallowing the compiler to build with warnings, a crate author opts out "
|
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
|
"Rust's famed stability. Sometimes new features or old misfeatures need a "
|
|
|
"change\n"
|
|
|
"in how things are done, thus lints are written that `warn` for a certain "
|
|
|
"grace\n"
|
|
|
"period before being turned to `deny`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Al no permitir que el compilador construya con advertencias, el autor de un "
|
|
|
"cajón opta por no participar\n"
|
|
|
"La famosa estabilidad de Rust. A veces, las nuevas características o las "
|
|
|
"antiguas características incorrectas necesitan un cambio.\n"
|
|
|
"en cómo se hacen las cosas, así se escriben hilachas que `advierten` para "
|
|
|
"cierta gracia\n"
|
|
|
"antes de pasar a `denegar`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:27
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"For example, it was discovered that a type could have two `impl`s with the "
|
|
|
"same\n"
|
|
|
"method. This was deemed a bad idea, but in order to make the transition "
|
|
|
"smooth,\n"
|
|
|
"the `overlapping-inherent-impls` lint was introduced to give a warning to "
|
|
|
"those\n"
|
|
|
"stumbling on this fact, before it becomes a hard error in a future release."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Por ejemplo, se descubrió que un tipo podía tener dos `impl`s con el mismo\n"
|
|
|
"método. Esto se consideró una mala idea, pero para que la transición sea "
|
|
|
"fluida,\n"
|
|
|
"el lint `overlapping-inherent-impls` se introdujo para dar una advertencia a "
|
|
|
"aquellos\n"
|
|
|
"tropezando con este hecho, antes de que se convierta en un error grave en "
|
|
|
"una versión futura."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:32
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Also sometimes APIs get deprecated, so their use will emit a warning where\n"
|
|
|
"before there was none."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Además, a veces las API quedan obsoletas, por lo que su uso emitirá una "
|
|
|
"advertencia donde\n"
|
|
|
"antes no había ninguno."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:35
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"All this conspires to potentially break the build whenever something changes."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Todo esto conspira para potencialmente romper la compilación cada vez que "
|
|
|
"algo cambia."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:37
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Furthermore, crates that supply additional lints (e.g. [rust-clippy]) can "
|
|
|
"no\n"
|
|
|
"longer be used unless the annotation is removed. This is mitigated with\n"
|
|
|
"[--cap-lints]. The `--cap-lints=warn` command line argument, turns all "
|
|
|
"`deny`\n"
|
|
|
"lint errors into warnings."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Además, las cajas que suministren pelusas adicionales (por ejemplo, "
|
|
|
"[rust-clippy]) no pueden\n"
|
|
|
"ya no se utilizará a menos que se elimine la anotación. Esto se mitiga con\n"
|
|
|
"[--cap-pelusas]. El argumento de la línea de comando `--cap-lints=warn` "
|
|
|
"convierte todo `deny`\n"
|
|
|
"lint errores en advertencias."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:42
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:227
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Alternatives"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Alternativas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:44
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"There are two ways of tackling this problem: First, we can decouple the "
|
|
|
"build\n"
|
|
|
"setting from the code, and second, we can name the lints we want to deny\n"
|
|
|
"explicitly."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Hay dos formas de abordar este problema: primero, podemos desacoplar la "
|
|
|
"compilación\n"
|
|
|
"configuración del código, y segundo, podemos nombrar las pelusas que "
|
|
|
"queremos denegar\n"
|
|
|
"explícitamente."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:48
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "The following command line will build with all warnings set to `deny`:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La siguiente línea de comando se construirá con todas las advertencias "
|
|
|
"configuradas en \"denegar\":"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:50
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "`RUSTFLAGS=\"-D warnings\" cargo build`"
|
|
|
msgstr "`RUSTFLAGS=\"-D advertencias\" construcción de carga`"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:52
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This can be done by any individual developer (or be set in a CI tool like\n"
|
|
|
"Travis, but remember that this may break the build when something changes)\n"
|
|
|
"without requiring a change to the code."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto lo puede hacer cualquier desarrollador individual (o se puede "
|
|
|
"configurar en una herramienta de CI como\n"
|
|
|
"Travis, pero recuerda que esto puede romper la compilación cuando algo "
|
|
|
"cambia)\n"
|
|
|
"sin requerir un cambio en el código."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:56
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Alternatively, we can specify the lints that we want to `deny` in the code.\n"
|
|
|
"Here is a list of warning lints that is (hopefully) safe to deny (as of "
|
|
|
"Rustc 1.48.0):"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Alternativamente, podemos especificar los lints que queremos `denegar` en el "
|
|
|
"código.\n"
|
|
|
"Aquí hay una lista de pelusas de advertencia que (con suerte) son seguras de "
|
|
|
"negar (a partir de Rustc 1.48.0):"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:59
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"#![deny(bad_style,\n"
|
|
|
" const_err,\n"
|
|
|
" dead_code,\n"
|
|
|
" improper_ctypes,\n"
|
|
|
" non_shorthand_field_patterns,\n"
|
|
|
" no_mangle_generic_items,\n"
|
|
|
" overflowing_literals,\n"
|
|
|
" path_statements,\n"
|
|
|
" patterns_in_fns_without_body,\n"
|
|
|
" private_in_public,\n"
|
|
|
" unconditional_recursion,\n"
|
|
|
" unused,\n"
|
|
|
" unused_allocation,\n"
|
|
|
" unused_comparisons,\n"
|
|
|
" unused_parens,\n"
|
|
|
" while_true)]\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:78
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "In addition, the following `allow`ed lints may be a good idea to `deny`:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Además, las siguientes pelusas \"permitidas\" pueden ser una buena idea para "
|
|
|
"\"denegar\":"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:80
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"#![deny(missing_debug_implementations,\n"
|
|
|
" missing_docs,\n"
|
|
|
" trivial_casts,\n"
|
|
|
" trivial_numeric_casts,\n"
|
|
|
" unused_extern_crates,\n"
|
|
|
" unused_import_braces,\n"
|
|
|
" unused_qualifications,\n"
|
|
|
" unused_results)]\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:91
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Some may also want to add `missing-copy-implementations` to their list."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Algunos también pueden querer agregar \"implementaciones de copias "
|
|
|
"faltantes\" a su lista."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:93
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Note that we explicitly did not add the `deprecated` lint, as it is fairly\n"
|
|
|
"certain that there will be more deprecated APIs in the future."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Tenga en cuenta que no agregamos explícitamente la pelusa `obsoleta`, ya que "
|
|
|
"es bastante\n"
|
|
|
"seguro de que habrá más API obsoletas en el futuro."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deny-warnings.md:98
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [A collection of all clippy "
|
|
|
"lints](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master)\n"
|
|
|
"- [deprecate attribute] documentation\n"
|
|
|
"- Type `rustc -W help` for a list of lints on your system. Also type\n"
|
|
|
" `rustc --help` for a general list of options\n"
|
|
|
"- [rust-clippy] is a collection of lints for better Rust code"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Una colección de todas las pelusas cortadas] "
|
|
|
"(https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master)\n"
|
|
|
"- Documentación de [atributo en desuso]\n"
|
|
|
"- Escriba `rustc -W help` para obtener una lista de pelusas en su sistema. "
|
|
|
"También escriba\n"
|
|
|
" `rustc --help` para una lista general de opciones\n"
|
|
|
"- [rust-clippy] es una colección de pelusas para mejorar el código de Rust"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# `Deref` polymorphism"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Polimorfismo `Deref`"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Misuse the `Deref` trait to emulate inheritance between structs, and thus "
|
|
|
"reuse\n"
|
|
|
"methods."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Usar incorrectamente el rasgo `Deref` para emular la herencia entre "
|
|
|
"estructuras y, por lo tanto, reutilizar\n"
|
|
|
"métodos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:10
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Sometimes we want to emulate the following common pattern from OO languages "
|
|
|
"such\n"
|
|
|
"as Java:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"A veces queremos emular el siguiente patrón común de los lenguajes OO como\n"
|
|
|
"como Java:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:13
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
|
"class Foo {\n"
|
|
|
" void m() { ... }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"class Bar extends Foo {}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"public static void main(String[] args) {\n"
|
|
|
" Bar b = new Bar();\n"
|
|
|
" b.m();\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:26
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "We can use the deref polymorphism anti-pattern to do so:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Podemos usar el antipatrón de polimorfismo deref para hacerlo:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:28
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"use std::ops::Deref;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct Foo {}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl Foo {\n"
|
|
|
" fn m(&self) {\n"
|
|
|
" //..\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct Bar {\n"
|
|
|
" f: Foo,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl Deref for Bar {\n"
|
|
|
" type Target = Foo;\n"
|
|
|
" fn deref(&self) -> &Foo {\n"
|
|
|
" &self.f\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let b = Bar { f: Foo {} };\n"
|
|
|
" b.m();\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:56
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"There is no struct inheritance in Rust. Instead we use composition and "
|
|
|
"include\n"
|
|
|
"an instance of `Foo` in `Bar` (since the field is a value, it is stored "
|
|
|
"inline,\n"
|
|
|
"so if there were fields, they would have the same layout in memory as the "
|
|
|
"Java\n"
|
|
|
"version (probably, you should use `#[repr(C)]` if you want to be sure))."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"No hay herencia de estructuras en Rust. En su lugar, usamos composición e "
|
|
|
"incluimos\n"
|
|
|
"una instancia de `Foo` en `Bar` (dado que el campo es un valor, se almacena "
|
|
|
"en línea,\n"
|
|
|
"entonces, si hubiera campos, tendrían el mismo diseño en la memoria que "
|
|
|
"Java\n"
|
|
|
"versión (probablemente, debería usar `#[repr(C)]` si quiere estar seguro))."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:61
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In order to make the method call work we implement `Deref` for `Bar` with "
|
|
|
"`Foo`\n"
|
|
|
"as the target (returning the embedded `Foo` field). That means that when we\n"
|
|
|
"dereference a `Bar` (for example, using `*`) then we will get a `Foo`. That "
|
|
|
"is\n"
|
|
|
"pretty weird. Dereferencing usually gives a `T` from a reference to `T`, "
|
|
|
"here we\n"
|
|
|
"have two unrelated types. However, since the dot operator does implicit\n"
|
|
|
"dereferencing, it means that the method call will search for methods on "
|
|
|
"`Foo` as\n"
|
|
|
"well as `Bar`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Para hacer que la llamada al método funcione, implementamos `Deref` para "
|
|
|
"`Bar` con `Foo`\n"
|
|
|
"como objetivo (devolviendo el campo `Foo` incrustado). Eso significa que "
|
|
|
"cuando nosotros\n"
|
|
|
"desreferenciar una `Bar` (por ejemplo, usando `*`) entonces obtendremos un "
|
|
|
"`Foo`. Eso es\n"
|
|
|
"bastante raro. La desreferenciación generalmente da una `T` de una "
|
|
|
"referencia a `T`, aquí\n"
|
|
|
"tienen dos tipos no relacionados. Sin embargo, dado que el operador punto "
|
|
|
"hace implícito\n"
|
|
|
"desreferenciación, significa que la llamada al método buscará métodos en "
|
|
|
"`Foo` como\n"
|
|
|
"así como `Bar`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:71
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "You save a little boilerplate, e.g.,"
|
|
|
msgstr "Te ahorras un poco de texto repetitivo, por ejemplo,"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:73
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"impl Bar {\n"
|
|
|
" fn m(&self) {\n"
|
|
|
" self.f.m()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:83
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Most importantly this is a surprising idiom - future programmers reading "
|
|
|
"this in\n"
|
|
|
"code will not expect this to happen. That's because we are misusing the "
|
|
|
"`Deref`\n"
|
|
|
"trait rather than using it as intended (and documented, etc.). It's also "
|
|
|
"because\n"
|
|
|
"the mechanism here is completely implicit."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Lo más importante es que este es un idioma sorprendente: los futuros "
|
|
|
"programadores que lean esto en\n"
|
|
|
"el código no esperará que esto suceda. Eso es porque estamos haciendo un mal "
|
|
|
"uso de `Deref`\n"
|
|
|
"rasgo en lugar de usarlo según lo previsto (y documentado, etc.). también es "
|
|
|
"porque\n"
|
|
|
"el mecanismo aquí es completamente implícito."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:88
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This pattern does not introduce subtyping between `Foo` and `Bar` like\n"
|
|
|
"inheritance in Java or C++ does. Furthermore, traits implemented by `Foo` "
|
|
|
"are\n"
|
|
|
"not automatically implemented for `Bar`, so this pattern interacts badly "
|
|
|
"with\n"
|
|
|
"bounds checking and thus generic programming."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Este patrón no introduce subtipos entre `Foo` y `Bar` como\n"
|
|
|
"la herencia en Java o C++ sí. Además, los rasgos implementados por `Foo` "
|
|
|
"son\n"
|
|
|
"no se implementa automáticamente para `Bar`, por lo que este patrón "
|
|
|
"interactúa mal con\n"
|
|
|
"verificación de límites y, por lo tanto, programación genérica."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:93
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Using this pattern gives subtly different semantics from most OO languages "
|
|
|
"with\n"
|
|
|
"regards to `self`. Usually it remains a reference to the sub-class, with "
|
|
|
"this\n"
|
|
|
"pattern it will be the 'class' where the method is defined."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El uso de este patrón proporciona una semántica sutilmente diferente de la "
|
|
|
"mayoría de los lenguajes OO con\n"
|
|
|
"en lo que respecta a 'uno mismo'. Por lo general, sigue siendo una "
|
|
|
"referencia a la subclase, con esto\n"
|
|
|
"patrón será la 'clase' donde se define el método."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:97
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Finally, this pattern only supports single inheritance, and has no notion "
|
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
|
"interfaces, class-based privacy, or other inheritance-related features. So, "
|
|
|
"it\n"
|
|
|
"gives an experience that will be subtly surprising to programmers used to "
|
|
|
"Java\n"
|
|
|
"inheritance, etc."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Finalmente, este patrón solo admite herencia única y no tiene noción de\n"
|
|
|
"interfaces, privacidad basada en clases u otras características relacionadas "
|
|
|
"con la herencia. Por lo que\n"
|
|
|
"brinda una experiencia que sorprenderá sutilmente a los programadores "
|
|
|
"acostumbrados a Java\n"
|
|
|
"herencia, etc"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:104
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"There is no one good alternative. Depending on the exact circumstances it "
|
|
|
"might\n"
|
|
|
"be better to re-implement using traits or to write out the facade methods "
|
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
|
"dispatch to `Foo` manually. We do intend to add a mechanism for inheritance\n"
|
|
|
"similar to this to Rust, but it is likely to be some time before it reaches\n"
|
|
|
"stable Rust. See these "
|
|
|
"[blog](http://aturon.github.io/blog/2015/09/18/reuse/)\n"
|
|
|
"[posts](http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2015/10/08/virtual-structs-part-4-extended-enums-and-thin-traits/)\n"
|
|
|
"and this [RFC issue](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/issues/349) for more "
|
|
|
"details."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"No hay una buena alternativa. Dependiendo de las circunstancias exactas, "
|
|
|
"podría\n"
|
|
|
"sería mejor volver a implementar usando rasgos o escribir los métodos de "
|
|
|
"fachada para\n"
|
|
|
"enviar a `Foo` manualmente. Tenemos la intención de agregar un mecanismo "
|
|
|
"para la herencia.\n"
|
|
|
"similar a esto para Rust, pero es probable que pase algún tiempo antes de "
|
|
|
"que llegue\n"
|
|
|
"Roya estable. Ver estos "
|
|
|
"[blog](http://aturon.github.io/blog/2015/09/18/reuse/)\n"
|
|
|
"[publicaciones] "
|
|
|
"(http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2015/10/08/virtual-structs-part-4-extended-enums-and-thin-traits/)\n"
|
|
|
"y este [problema de RFC] (https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/issues/349) para "
|
|
|
"obtener más detalles."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:112
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The `Deref` trait is designed for the implementation of custom pointer "
|
|
|
"types.\n"
|
|
|
"The intention is that it will take a pointer-to-`T` to a `T`, not convert\n"
|
|
|
"between different types. It is a shame that this isn't (probably cannot be)\n"
|
|
|
"enforced by the trait definition."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El rasgo `Deref` está diseñado para la implementación de tipos de punteros "
|
|
|
"personalizados.\n"
|
|
|
"La intención es que tomará un puntero a `T` a `T`, no convertir\n"
|
|
|
"entre diferentes tipos. Es una pena que esto no sea (probablemente no puede "
|
|
|
"ser)\n"
|
|
|
"reforzado por la definición de rasgo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:117
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust tries to strike a careful balance between explicit and implicit "
|
|
|
"mechanisms,\n"
|
|
|
"favouring explicit conversions between types. Automatic dereferencing in the "
|
|
|
"dot\n"
|
|
|
"operator is a case where the ergonomics strongly favour an implicit "
|
|
|
"mechanism,\n"
|
|
|
"but the intention is that this is limited to degrees of indirection, not\n"
|
|
|
"conversion between arbitrary types."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust intenta lograr un equilibrio cuidadoso entre los mecanismos explícitos "
|
|
|
"e implícitos,\n"
|
|
|
"favoreciendo conversiones explícitas entre tipos. Eliminación automática de "
|
|
|
"referencias en el punto\n"
|
|
|
"operador es un caso donde la ergonomía favorece fuertemente un mecanismo "
|
|
|
"implícito,\n"
|
|
|
"pero la intención es que esto se limite a grados de indirección, no\n"
|
|
|
"conversión entre tipos arbitrarios."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\anti_patterns/deref.md:125
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [Collections are smart pointers idiom](../idioms/deref.md).\n"
|
|
|
"- Delegation crates for less boilerplate like "
|
|
|
"[delegate](https://crates.io/crates/delegate)\n"
|
|
|
" or [ambassador](https://crates.io/crates/ambassador)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Documentation for `Deref` "
|
|
|
"trait](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Las colecciones son modismos de punteros "
|
|
|
"inteligentes](../idioms/deref.md).\n"
|
|
|
"- Cajas de delegación para menos repetitivo como "
|
|
|
"[delegate](https://crates.io/crates/delegate)\n"
|
|
|
" o [embajador](https://crates.io/crates/ambassador)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Documentación para el rasgo "
|
|
|
"`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/index.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Functional Usage of Rust"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Uso funcional de Rust"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/index.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust is an imperative language, but it follows many\n"
|
|
|
"[functional "
|
|
|
"programming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming) paradigms."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Rust es un lenguaje imperativo, pero sigue muchos\n"
|
|
|
"[programación "
|
|
|
"funcional](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming) paradigmas."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/index.md:6
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"> In computer science, _functional programming_ is a programming paradigm "
|
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
|
"> programs are constructed by applying and composing functions.\n"
|
|
|
"> It is a declarative programming paradigm in which function definitions "
|
|
|
"are\n"
|
|
|
"> trees of expressions that each return a value, rather than a sequence of\n"
|
|
|
"> imperative statements which change the state of the program."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"> En informática, la _programación funcional_ es un paradigma de "
|
|
|
"programación donde\n"
|
|
|
"> los programas se construyen aplicando y componiendo funciones.\n"
|
|
|
"> Es un paradigma de programación declarativa en el que las definiciones de "
|
|
|
"funciones son\n"
|
|
|
"> árboles de expresiones que devuelven un valor, en lugar de una secuencia "
|
|
|
"de\n"
|
|
|
"> declaraciones imperativas que cambian el estado del programa."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/paradigms.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Programming paradigms"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Paradigmas de programación"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/paradigms.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"One of the biggest hurdles to understanding functional programs when coming\n"
|
|
|
"from an imperative background is the shift in thinking. Imperative programs\n"
|
|
|
"describe **how** to do something, whereas declarative programs describe\n"
|
|
|
"**what** to do. Let's sum the numbers from 1 to 10 to show this."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Uno de los mayores obstáculos para comprender los programas funcionales "
|
|
|
"cuando se trata de\n"
|
|
|
"desde un trasfondo imperativo es el cambio de pensamiento. programas "
|
|
|
"imperativos\n"
|
|
|
"describen **cómo** hacer algo, mientras que los programas declarativos "
|
|
|
"describen\n"
|
|
|
"**qué hacer. Sumemos los números del 1 al 10 para mostrar esto."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/paradigms.md:8
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Imperative"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Imperativo"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/paradigms.md:10
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"let mut sum = 0;\n"
|
|
|
"for i in 1..11 {\n"
|
|
|
" sum += i;\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"println!(\"{}\", sum);\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/paradigms.md:18
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"With imperative programs, we have to play compiler to see what is "
|
|
|
"happening.\n"
|
|
|
"Here, we start with a `sum` of `0`.\n"
|
|
|
"Next, we iterate through the range from 1 to 10.\n"
|
|
|
"Each time through the loop, we add the corresponding value in the range.\n"
|
|
|
"Then we print it out."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Con los programas imperativos, tenemos que jugar al compilador para ver qué "
|
|
|
"está pasando.\n"
|
|
|
"Aquí, comenzamos con una `suma` de `0`.\n"
|
|
|
"A continuación, iteramos a través del rango de 1 a 10.\n"
|
|
|
"Cada vez que recorremos el bucle, sumamos el valor correspondiente en el "
|
|
|
"rango.\n"
|
|
|
"Luego lo imprimimos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/paradigms.md:24
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"| `i` | `sum` |\n"
|
|
|
"| :-: | :---: |\n"
|
|
|
"| 1 | 1 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 2 | 3 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 3 | 6 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 4 | 10 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 5 | 15 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 6 | 21 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 7 | 28 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 8 | 36 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 9 | 45 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 10 | 55 |"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"| `yo` | `suma` |\n"
|
|
|
"| :-: | :---: |\n"
|
|
|
"| 1 | 1 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 2 | 3 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 3 | 6 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 4 | 10 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 5 | 15 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 6 | 21 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 7 | 28 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 8 | 36 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 9 | 45 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 10 | 55 |"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/paradigms.md:37
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This is how most of us start out programming. We learn that a program is a "
|
|
|
"set\n"
|
|
|
"of steps."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Así es como la mayoría de nosotros empezamos a programar. Aprendemos que un "
|
|
|
"programa es un conjunto\n"
|
|
|
"de pasos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/paradigms.md:40
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Declarative"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Declarativo"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/paradigms.md:42
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"println!(\"{}\", (1..11).fold(0, |a, b| a + b));\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/paradigms.md:46
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Whoa! This is really different! What's going on here?\n"
|
|
|
"Remember that with declarative programs we are describing **what** to do,\n"
|
|
|
"rather than **how** to do it. `fold` is a function that "
|
|
|
"[composes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_composition)\n"
|
|
|
"functions. The name is a convention from Haskell."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"¡Guau! ¡Esto es realmente diferente! ¿Que está pasando aqui?\n"
|
|
|
"Recuerde que con los programas declarativos estamos describiendo **qué** "
|
|
|
"hacer,\n"
|
|
|
"en lugar de **cómo** hacerlo. `fold` es una función que [compone] "
|
|
|
"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_composition)\n"
|
|
|
"funciones El nombre es una convención de Haskell."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/paradigms.md:51
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Here, we are composing functions of addition (this closure: `|a, b| a + b`)\n"
|
|
|
"with a range from 1 to 10. The `0` is the starting point, so `a` is `0` at\n"
|
|
|
"first. `b` is the first element of the range, `1`. `0 + 1 = 1` is the "
|
|
|
"result.\n"
|
|
|
"So now we `fold` again, with `a = 1`, `b = 2` and so `1 + 2 = 3` is the "
|
|
|
"next\n"
|
|
|
"result. This process continues until we get to the last element in the "
|
|
|
"range,\n"
|
|
|
"`10`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Aquí, estamos componiendo funciones de suma (este cierre: `|a, b| a + b`)\n"
|
|
|
"con un rango de 1 a 10. El `0` es el punto de partida, por lo que `a` es `0` "
|
|
|
"en\n"
|
|
|
"primero. `b` es el primer elemento del rango, `1`. `0 + 1 = 1` es el "
|
|
|
"resultado.\n"
|
|
|
"Así que ahora 'doblamos' de nuevo, con 'a = 1', 'b = 2' y así '1 + 2 = 3' es "
|
|
|
"el siguiente\n"
|
|
|
"resultado. Este proceso continúa hasta que llegamos al último elemento del "
|
|
|
"rango,\n"
|
|
|
"`10`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/paradigms.md:58
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"| `a` | `b` | result |\n"
|
|
|
"| :-: | :-: | :----: |\n"
|
|
|
"| 0 | 1 | 1 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 1 | 2 | 3 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 3 | 3 | 6 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 6 | 4 | 10 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 10 | 5 | 15 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 15 | 6 | 21 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 21 | 7 | 28 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 28 | 8 | 36 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 36 | 9 | 45 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 45 | 10 | 55 |"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"| `a` | `b` | resultado |\n"
|
|
|
"| :-: | :-: | :----: |\n"
|
|
|
"| 0 | 1 | 1 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 1 | 2 | 3 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 3 | 3 | 6 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 6 | 4 | 10 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 10 | 5 | 15 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 15 | 6 | 21 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 21 | 7 | 28 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 28 | 8 | 36 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 36 | 9 | 45 |\n"
|
|
|
"| 45 | 10 | 55 |"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Generics as Type Classes"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Genéricos como clases de tipos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust's type system is designed more like functional languages (like "
|
|
|
"Haskell)\n"
|
|
|
"rather than imperative languages (like Java and C++). As a result, Rust can "
|
|
|
"turn\n"
|
|
|
"many kinds of programming problems into \"static typing\" problems. This is "
|
|
|
"one\n"
|
|
|
"of the biggest wins of choosing a functional language, and is critical to "
|
|
|
"many\n"
|
|
|
"of Rust's compile time guarantees."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El sistema de tipos de Rust está diseñado más como lenguajes funcionales "
|
|
|
"(como Haskell)\n"
|
|
|
"en lugar de lenguajes imperativos (como Java y C++). Como resultado, Rust "
|
|
|
"puede convertir\n"
|
|
|
"muchos tipos de problemas de programación en problemas de \"tipado "
|
|
|
"estático\". Este es uno\n"
|
|
|
"de las mayores ganancias de elegir un lenguaje funcional, y es fundamental "
|
|
|
"para muchos\n"
|
|
|
"de las garantías de tiempo de compilación de Rust."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:11
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"A key part of this idea is the way generic types work. In C++ and Java, for\n"
|
|
|
"example, generic types are a meta-programming construct for the compiler.\n"
|
|
|
"`vector<int>` and `vector<char>` in C++ are just two different copies of "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"same boilerplate code for a `vector` type (known as a `template`) with two\n"
|
|
|
"different types filled in."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Una parte clave de esta idea es la forma en que funcionan los tipos "
|
|
|
"genéricos. En C++ y Java, por\n"
|
|
|
"Por ejemplo, los tipos genéricos son una construcción de metaprogramación "
|
|
|
"para el compilador.\n"
|
|
|
"`vector<int>` y `vector<char>` en C++ son solo dos copias diferentes del\n"
|
|
|
"mismo código repetitivo para un tipo `vector` (conocido como `plantilla`) "
|
|
|
"con dos\n"
|
|
|
"diferentes tipos rellenados."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:17
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In Rust, a generic type parameter creates what is known in functional "
|
|
|
"languages\n"
|
|
|
"as a \"type class constraint\", and each different parameter filled in by an "
|
|
|
"end\n"
|
|
|
"user _actually changes the type_. In other words, `Vec<isize>` and "
|
|
|
"`Vec<char>`\n"
|
|
|
"_are two different types_, which are recognized as distinct by all parts of "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"type system."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En Rust, un parámetro de tipo genérico crea lo que se conoce en lenguajes "
|
|
|
"funcionales\n"
|
|
|
"como una \"restricción de clase de tipo\", y cada parámetro diferente "
|
|
|
"completado por un extremo\n"
|
|
|
"el usuario _realmente cambia el tipo_. En otras palabras, `Vec<isize>` y "
|
|
|
"`Vec<char>`\n"
|
|
|
"_son dos tipos diferentes_, que son reconocidos como distintos por todas las "
|
|
|
"partes del\n"
|
|
|
"sistema de tipos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:23
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This is called **monomorphization**, where different types are created from\n"
|
|
|
"**polymorphic** code. This special behavior requires `impl` blocks to "
|
|
|
"specify\n"
|
|
|
"generic parameters. Different values for the generic type cause different "
|
|
|
"types,\n"
|
|
|
"and different types can have different `impl` blocks."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto se llama **monomorfización**, donde se crean diferentes tipos a partir "
|
|
|
"de\n"
|
|
|
"Código **polimórfico**. Este comportamiento especial requiere bloques `impl` "
|
|
|
"para especificar\n"
|
|
|
"parámetros genéricos. Diferentes valores para el tipo genérico causan "
|
|
|
"diferentes tipos,\n"
|
|
|
"y diferentes tipos pueden tener diferentes bloques `impl`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:28
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In object-oriented languages, classes can inherit behavior from their "
|
|
|
"parents.\n"
|
|
|
"However, this allows the attachment of not only additional behavior to\n"
|
|
|
"particular members of a type class, but extra behavior as well."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En los lenguajes orientados a objetos, las clases pueden heredar el "
|
|
|
"comportamiento de sus padres.\n"
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, esto permite adjuntar no sólo un comportamiento adicional a\n"
|
|
|
"miembros particulares de una clase de tipo, pero también comportamiento "
|
|
|
"adicional."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:32
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The nearest equivalent is the runtime polymorphism in Javascript and "
|
|
|
"Python,\n"
|
|
|
"where new members can be added to objects willy-nilly by any constructor.\n"
|
|
|
"However, unlike those languages, all of Rust's additional methods can be "
|
|
|
"type\n"
|
|
|
"checked when they are used, because their generics are statically defined. "
|
|
|
"That\n"
|
|
|
"makes them more usable while remaining safe."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El equivalente más cercano es el polimorfismo en tiempo de ejecución en "
|
|
|
"Javascript y Python,\n"
|
|
|
"donde cualquier constructor puede agregar nuevos miembros a los objetos de "
|
|
|
"cualquier manera.\n"
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, a diferencia de esos lenguajes, todos los métodos adicionales "
|
|
|
"de Rust se pueden escribir\n"
|
|
|
"verificados cuando se usan, porque sus genéricos están definidos "
|
|
|
"estáticamente. Eso\n"
|
|
|
"los hace más utilizables sin dejar de ser seguros."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:40
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Suppose you are designing a storage server for a series of lab machines.\n"
|
|
|
"Because of the software involved, there are two different protocols you "
|
|
|
"need\n"
|
|
|
"to support: BOOTP (for PXE network boot), and NFS (for remote mount storage)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Suponga que está diseñando un servidor de almacenamiento para una serie de "
|
|
|
"máquinas de laboratorio.\n"
|
|
|
"Debido al software involucrado, hay dos protocolos diferentes que necesita\n"
|
|
|
"para admitir: BOOTP (para arranque de red PXE) y NFS (para almacenamiento de "
|
|
|
"montaje remoto)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:44
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Your goal is to have one program, written in Rust, which can handle both of\n"
|
|
|
"them. It will have protocol handlers and listen for both kinds of requests. "
|
|
|
"The\n"
|
|
|
"main application logic will then allow a lab administrator to configure "
|
|
|
"storage\n"
|
|
|
"and security controls for the actual files."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Su objetivo es tener un programa, escrito en Rust, que pueda manejar ambos\n"
|
|
|
"a ellos. Tendrá controladores de protocolo y escuchará ambos tipos de "
|
|
|
"solicitudes. El\n"
|
|
|
"La lógica de la aplicación principal permitirá que un administrador de "
|
|
|
"laboratorio configure el almacenamiento\n"
|
|
|
"y controles de seguridad para los archivos reales."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:49
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The requests from machines in the lab for files contain the same basic\n"
|
|
|
"information, no matter what protocol they came from: an authentication "
|
|
|
"method,\n"
|
|
|
"and a file name to retrieve. A straightforward implementation would look\n"
|
|
|
"something like this:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Las solicitudes de archivos de las máquinas en el laboratorio contienen el "
|
|
|
"mismo\n"
|
|
|
"información, sin importar de qué protocolo provengan: un método de "
|
|
|
"autenticación,\n"
|
|
|
"y un nombre de archivo para recuperar. Una implementación sencilla se vería\n"
|
|
|
"algo como esto:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:54
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"enum AuthInfo {\n"
|
|
|
" Nfs(crate::nfs::AuthInfo),\n"
|
|
|
" Bootp(crate::bootp::AuthInfo),\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct FileDownloadRequest {\n"
|
|
|
" file_name: PathBuf,\n"
|
|
|
" authentication: AuthInfo,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:66
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This design might work well enough. But now suppose you needed to support\n"
|
|
|
"adding metadata that was _protocol specific_. For example, with NFS, you\n"
|
|
|
"wanted to determine what their mount point was in order to enforce "
|
|
|
"additional\n"
|
|
|
"security rules."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Este diseño podría funcionar lo suficientemente bien. Pero ahora supongamos "
|
|
|
"que necesita apoyo\n"
|
|
|
"agregando metadatos que eran _específicos del protocolo_. Por ejemplo, con "
|
|
|
"NFS, usted\n"
|
|
|
"quería determinar cuál era su punto de montaje para hacer cumplir\n"
|
|
|
"reglas de seguridad"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:71
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The way the current struct is designed leaves the protocol decision until\n"
|
|
|
"runtime. That means any method that applies to one protocol and not the "
|
|
|
"other\n"
|
|
|
"requires the programmer to do a runtime check."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La forma en que está diseñada la estructura actual deja la decisión del "
|
|
|
"protocolo hasta\n"
|
|
|
"tiempo de ejecución Eso significa cualquier método que se aplique a un "
|
|
|
"protocolo y no al otro.\n"
|
|
|
"requiere que el programador haga una verificación de tiempo de ejecución."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:75
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Here is how getting an NFS mount point would look:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Así es como se vería obtener un punto de montaje NFS:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:77
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"struct FileDownloadRequest {\n"
|
|
|
" file_name: PathBuf,\n"
|
|
|
" authentication: AuthInfo,\n"
|
|
|
" mount_point: Option<PathBuf>,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl FileDownloadRequest {\n"
|
|
|
" // ... other methods ...\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" /// Gets an NFS mount point if this is an NFS request. Otherwise,\n"
|
|
|
" /// return None.\n"
|
|
|
" pub fn mount_point(&self) -> Option<&Path> {\n"
|
|
|
" self.mount_point.as_ref()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:95
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Every caller of `mount_point()` must check for `None` and write code to "
|
|
|
"handle\n"
|
|
|
"it. This is true even if they know only NFS requests are ever used in a "
|
|
|
"given\n"
|
|
|
"code path!"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Cada llamador de `mount_point()` debe buscar `Ninguno` y escribir código "
|
|
|
"para manejar\n"
|
|
|
"él. Esto es cierto incluso si saben que solo se usan solicitudes NFS en un "
|
|
|
"determinado\n"
|
|
|
"ruta de código!"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:99
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"It would be far more optimal to cause a compile-time error if the different\n"
|
|
|
"request types were confused. After all, the entire path of the user's code,\n"
|
|
|
"including what functions from the library they use, will know whether a "
|
|
|
"request\n"
|
|
|
"is an NFS request or a BOOTP request."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Sería mucho más óptimo causar un error en tiempo de compilación si los "
|
|
|
"diferentes\n"
|
|
|
"los tipos de solicitud estaban confundidos. Después de todo, la ruta "
|
|
|
"completa del código del usuario,\n"
|
|
|
"incluidas las funciones de la biblioteca que utilizan, sabrán si una "
|
|
|
"solicitud\n"
|
|
|
"es una solicitud NFS o una solicitud BOOTP."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:104
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In Rust, this is actually possible! The solution is to _add a generic type_ "
|
|
|
"in\n"
|
|
|
"order to split the API."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"¡En Rust, esto es realmente posible! La solución es _agregar un tipo "
|
|
|
"genérico_ en\n"
|
|
|
"para dividir la API."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:107
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Here is what that looks like:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Esto es lo que parece:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:109
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"mod nfs {\n"
|
|
|
" #[derive(Clone)]\n"
|
|
|
" pub(crate) struct AuthInfo(String); // NFS session management omitted\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"mod bootp {\n"
|
|
|
" pub(crate) struct AuthInfo(); // no authentication in bootp\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// private module, lest outside users invent their own protocol kinds!\n"
|
|
|
"mod proto_trait {\n"
|
|
|
" use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};\n"
|
|
|
" use super::{bootp, nfs};\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub(crate) trait ProtoKind {\n"
|
|
|
" type AuthInfo;\n"
|
|
|
" fn auth_info(&self) -> Self::AuthInfo;\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub struct Nfs {\n"
|
|
|
" auth: nfs::AuthInfo,\n"
|
|
|
" mount_point: PathBuf,\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" impl Nfs {\n"
|
|
|
" pub(crate) fn mount_point(&self) -> &Path {\n"
|
|
|
" &self.mount_point\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" impl ProtoKind for Nfs {\n"
|
|
|
" type AuthInfo = nfs::AuthInfo;\n"
|
|
|
" fn auth_info(&self) -> Self::AuthInfo {\n"
|
|
|
" self.auth.clone()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" pub struct Bootp(); // no additional metadata\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" impl ProtoKind for Bootp {\n"
|
|
|
" type AuthInfo = bootp::AuthInfo;\n"
|
|
|
" fn auth_info(&self) -> Self::AuthInfo {\n"
|
|
|
" bootp::AuthInfo()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"use proto_trait::ProtoKind; // keep internal to prevent impls\n"
|
|
|
"pub use proto_trait::{Nfs, Bootp}; // re-export so callers can see them\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"struct FileDownloadRequest<P: ProtoKind> {\n"
|
|
|
" file_name: PathBuf,\n"
|
|
|
" protocol: P,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// all common API parts go into a generic impl block\n"
|
|
|
"impl<P: ProtoKind> FileDownloadRequest<P> {\n"
|
|
|
" fn file_path(&self) -> &Path {\n"
|
|
|
" &self.file_name\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn auth_info(&self) -> P::AuthInfo {\n"
|
|
|
" self.protocol.auth_info()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// all protocol-specific impls go into their own block\n"
|
|
|
"impl FileDownloadRequest<Nfs> {\n"
|
|
|
" fn mount_point(&self) -> &Path {\n"
|
|
|
" self.protocol.mount_point()\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" // your code here\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:190
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"With this approach, if the user were to make a mistake and use the wrong\n"
|
|
|
"type;"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:193
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
|
" let mut socket = crate::bootp::listen()?;\n"
|
|
|
" while let Some(request) = socket.next_request()? {\n"
|
|
|
" match request.mount_point().as_ref()\n"
|
|
|
" \"/secure\" => socket.send(\"Access denied\"),\n"
|
|
|
" _ => {} // continue on...\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
" // Rest of the code here\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:206
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"They would get a syntax error. The type `FileDownloadRequest<Bootp>` does "
|
|
|
"not\n"
|
|
|
"implement `mount_point()`, only the type `FileDownloadRequest<Nfs>` does. "
|
|
|
"And\n"
|
|
|
"that is created by the NFS module, not the BOOTP module of course!"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Obtendrían un error de sintaxis. El tipo `FileDownloadRequest<Bootp>` no\n"
|
|
|
"implementa `mount_point()`, solo lo hace el tipo `FileDownloadRequest<Nfs>`. "
|
|
|
"Y\n"
|
|
|
"eso lo crea el módulo NFS, ¡no el módulo BOOTP, por supuesto!"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:212
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"First, it allows fields that are common to multiple states to be "
|
|
|
"de-duplicated.\n"
|
|
|
"By making the non-shared fields generic, they are implemented once."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En primer lugar, permite eliminar la duplicación de campos que son comunes a "
|
|
|
"varios estados.\n"
|
|
|
"Al hacer que los campos no compartidos sean genéricos, se implementan una "
|
|
|
"vez."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:215
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Second, it makes the `impl` blocks easier to read, because they are broken "
|
|
|
"down\n"
|
|
|
"by state. Methods common to all states are typed once in one block, and "
|
|
|
"methods\n"
|
|
|
"unique to one state are in a separate block."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En segundo lugar, hace que los bloques `impl` sean más fáciles de leer, "
|
|
|
"porque están desglosados\n"
|
|
|
"por estado Los métodos comunes a todos los estados se escriben una vez en un "
|
|
|
"bloque y los métodos\n"
|
|
|
"exclusivos de un estado están en un bloque separado."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:219
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Both of these mean there are fewer lines of code, and they are better "
|
|
|
"organized."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Ambos significan que hay menos líneas de código y están mejor organizados."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:223
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This currently increases the size of the binary, due to the way "
|
|
|
"monomorphization\n"
|
|
|
"is implemented in the compiler. Hopefully the implementation will be able "
|
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
|
"improve in the future."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto actualmente aumenta el tamaño del binario, debido a la forma en que se "
|
|
|
"monomorfiza.\n"
|
|
|
"se implementa en el compilador. Esperemos que la implementación pueda\n"
|
|
|
"mejorar en el futuro."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:229
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- If a type seems to need a \"split API\" due to construction or partial\n"
|
|
|
" initialization, consider the\n"
|
|
|
" [Builder Pattern](../patterns/creational/builder.md) instead.\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- If the API between types does not change -- only the behavior does -- "
|
|
|
"then\n"
|
|
|
" the [Strategy Pattern](../patterns/behavioural/strategy.md) is better "
|
|
|
"used\n"
|
|
|
" instead."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- Si un tipo parece necesitar una \"API dividida\" debido a la construcción "
|
|
|
"o parcial\n"
|
|
|
" inicialización, considere la\n"
|
|
|
" [Patrón de constructor] (../patterns/creational/builder.md) en su lugar.\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- Si la API entre tipos no cambia, solo cambia el comportamiento, entonces\n"
|
|
|
" el [Patrón de estrategia] (../patterns/behavioural/strategy.md) se usa "
|
|
|
"mejor\n"
|
|
|
" en cambio."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:239
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "This pattern is used throughout the standard library:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Este patrón se utiliza en toda la biblioteca estándar:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:241
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- `Vec<u8>` can be cast from a String, unlike every other type of "
|
|
|
"`Vec<T>`.[^1]\n"
|
|
|
"- They can also be cast into a binary heap, but only if they contain a type\n"
|
|
|
" that implements the `Ord` trait.[^2]\n"
|
|
|
"- The `to_string` method was specialized for `Cow` only of type `str`.[^3]"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- `Vec<u8>` se puede convertir desde una cadena, a diferencia de cualquier "
|
|
|
"otro tipo de `Vec<T>`.[^1]\n"
|
|
|
"- También se pueden convertir en un montón binario, pero solo si contienen "
|
|
|
"un tipo\n"
|
|
|
" que implementa el rasgo `Ord`.[^2]\n"
|
|
|
"- El método `to_string` se especializó para `Vaca` solo del tipo `str`.[^3]"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:246
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "It is also used by several popular crates to allow API flexibility:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"También lo utilizan varias cajas populares para permitir la flexibilidad de "
|
|
|
"la API:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:248
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- The `embedded-hal` ecosystem used for embedded devices makes extensive use "
|
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
|
" this pattern. For example, it allows statically verifying the "
|
|
|
"configuration of\n"
|
|
|
" device registers used to control embedded pins. When a pin is put into a "
|
|
|
"mode,\n"
|
|
|
" it returns a `Pin<MODE>` struct, whose generic determines the functions\n"
|
|
|
" usable in that mode, which are not on the `Pin` itself. [^4]\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- The `hyper` HTTP client library uses this to expose rich APIs for "
|
|
|
"different\n"
|
|
|
" pluggable requests. Clients with different connectors have different "
|
|
|
"methods\n"
|
|
|
" on them as well as different trait implementations, while a core set of\n"
|
|
|
" methods apply to any connector. [^5]\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- The \"type state\" pattern -- where an object gains and loses API based on "
|
|
|
"an\n"
|
|
|
" internal state or invariant -- is implemented in Rust using the same "
|
|
|
"basic\n"
|
|
|
" concept, and a slightly different technique. [^6]"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- El ecosistema `embedded-hal` utilizado para dispositivos integrados hace "
|
|
|
"un uso extensivo de\n"
|
|
|
" este patrón Por ejemplo, permite verificar estáticamente la configuración "
|
|
|
"de\n"
|
|
|
" registros de dispositivos utilizados para controlar pines incrustados. "
|
|
|
"Cuando un pin se pone en un modo,\n"
|
|
|
" devuelve una estructura `Pin<MODE>`, cuyo genérico determina las "
|
|
|
"funciones\n"
|
|
|
" utilizables en ese modo, que no están en el propio `Pin`. [^4]\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- La biblioteca de cliente HTTP 'hiper' usa esto para exponer API "
|
|
|
"enriquecidas para diferentes\n"
|
|
|
" solicitudes conectables. Los clientes con diferentes conectores tienen "
|
|
|
"diferentes métodos\n"
|
|
|
" en ellos, así como diferentes implementaciones de rasgos, mientras que un "
|
|
|
"conjunto básico de\n"
|
|
|
" Los métodos se aplican a cualquier conector. [^5]\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"- El patrón de \"estado de tipo\", donde un objeto gana y pierde API en "
|
|
|
"función de un\n"
|
|
|
" estado interno o invariante: se implementa en Rust utilizando el mismo\n"
|
|
|
" concepto, y una técnica ligeramente diferente. [^6]"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:263
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"See: [impl From\\<CString\\> for "
|
|
|
"Vec\\<u8\\>](https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/std/ffi/c_str.rs.html#803-811)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Ver: [impl From\\<CString\\> for "
|
|
|
"Vec\\<u8\\>](https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/std/ffi/c_str.rs.html#803-811 "
|
|
|
")"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:265
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"See: [impl\\<T\\> From\\<Vec\\<T, Global\\>\\> for "
|
|
|
"BinaryHeap\\<T\\>](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/src/alloc/collections/binary_heap.rs.html#1345-1354)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Ver: [impl\\<T\\> From\\<Vec\\<T, Global\\>\\> for "
|
|
|
"BinaryHeap\\<T\\>](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/src/alloc/collections "
|
|
|
"/binary_heap.rs.html#1345-1354)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:267
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"See: [impl\\<'\\_\\> ToString for Cow\\<'\\_, "
|
|
|
"str>](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/src/alloc/string.rs.html#2235-2240)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Consulte: [impl\\<'\\_\\> ToString for Cow\\<'\\_, "
|
|
|
"str>](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/src/alloc/string.rs.html#2235- 2240)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:269
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Example:\n"
|
|
|
"[https://docs.rs/stm32f30x-hal/0.1.0/stm32f30x_hal/gpio/gpioa/struct.PA0.html](https://docs.rs/stm32f30x-hal/0.1.0/stm32f30x_hal/gpio/gpioa/struct.PA0.html)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Ejemplo:\n"
|
|
|
"[https://docs.rs/stm32f30x-hal/0.1.0/stm32f30x_hal/gpio/gpioa/struct.PA0.html](https://docs.rs/stm32f30x-hal/0.1.0/stm32f30x_hal/gpio/ "
|
|
|
"gpioa/struct.PA0.html)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:272
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"See:\n"
|
|
|
"[https://docs.rs/hyper/0.14.5/hyper/client/struct.Client.html](https://docs.rs/hyper/0.14.5/hyper/client/struct.Client.html)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Ver:\n"
|
|
|
"[https://docs.rs/hyper/0.14.5/hyper/client/struct.Client.html](https://docs.rs/hyper/0.14.5/hyper/client/struct.Client.html)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/generics-type-classes.md:275
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"See:\n"
|
|
|
"[The Case for the Type State "
|
|
|
"Pattern](https://web.archive.org/web/20210325065112/https://www.novatec-gmbh.de/en/blog/the-case-for-the-typestate-pattern-the-typestate-pattern-itself/)\n"
|
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
|
"[Rusty Typestate Series (an extensive "
|
|
|
"thesis)](https://web.archive.org/web/20210328164854/https://rustype.github.io/notes/notes/rust-typestate-series/rust-typestate-index)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Ver:\n"
|
|
|
"[El caso del patrón de estado "
|
|
|
"tipo](https://web.archive.org/web/20210325065112/https://www.novatec-gmbh.de/en/blog/the-case-for-the-typestate- "
|
|
|
"patrón-el-tipo-estado-patrón-en-sí/)\n"
|
|
|
"y\n"
|
|
|
"[Serie Rusty Typestate (una tesis "
|
|
|
"extensa)](https://web.archive.org/web/20210328164854/https://rustype.github.io/notes/notes/rust-typestate-series/rust-typestate-index "
|
|
|
")"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Lenses and Prisms"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Lentes y Prismas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This is a pure functional concept that is not frequently used in Rust.\n"
|
|
|
"Nevertheless, exploring the concept may be helpful to understand other\n"
|
|
|
"patterns in Rust APIs, such as "
|
|
|
"[visitors](../patterns/behavioural/visitor.md).\n"
|
|
|
"They also have niche use cases."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Este es un concepto funcional puro que no se usa con frecuencia en Rust.\n"
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, explorar el concepto puede ser útil para entender otros\n"
|
|
|
"patrones en las API de Rust, como [visitantes] "
|
|
|
"(../patterns/behavioural/visitor.md).\n"
|
|
|
"También tienen casos de uso de nicho."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:8
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Lenses: Uniform Access Across Types"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Lentes: acceso uniforme en todos los tipos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:10
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"A lens is a concept from functional programming languages that allows\n"
|
|
|
"accessing parts of a data type in an abstract, unified way.[^1]\n"
|
|
|
"In basic concept, it is similar to the way Rust traits work with type "
|
|
|
"erasure,\n"
|
|
|
"but it has a bit more power and flexibility."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Una lente es un concepto de los lenguajes de programación funcional que "
|
|
|
"permite\n"
|
|
|
"acceder a partes de un tipo de datos de forma abstracta y unificada.[^1]\n"
|
|
|
"En concepto básico, es similar a la forma en que los rasgos de Rust "
|
|
|
"funcionan con el borrado de tipos,\n"
|
|
|
"pero tiene un poco más de potencia y flexibilidad."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:15
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"For example, suppose a bank contains several JSON formats for customer\n"
|
|
|
"data.\n"
|
|
|
"This is because they come from different databases or legacy systems.\n"
|
|
|
"One database contains the data needed to perform credit checks:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Por ejemplo, suponga que un banco contiene varios formatos JSON para "
|
|
|
"clientes\n"
|
|
|
"datos.\n"
|
|
|
"Esto se debe a que provienen de diferentes bases de datos o sistemas "
|
|
|
"heredados.\n"
|
|
|
"Una base de datos contiene los datos necesarios para realizar verificaciones "
|
|
|
"de crédito:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:20
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```json\n"
|
|
|
"{ \"name\": \"Jane Doe\",\n"
|
|
|
" \"dob\": \"2002-02-24\",\n"
|
|
|
" [...]\n"
|
|
|
" \"customer_id\": 1048576332,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:28
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Another one contains the account information:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Otro contiene la información de la cuenta:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:30
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```json\n"
|
|
|
"{ \"customer_id\": 1048576332,\n"
|
|
|
" \"accounts\": [\n"
|
|
|
" { \"account_id\": 2121,\n"
|
|
|
" \"account_type: \"savings\",\n"
|
|
|
" \"joint_customer_ids\": [],\n"
|
|
|
" [...]\n"
|
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
|
" { \"account_id\": 2122,\n"
|
|
|
" \"account_type: \"checking\",\n"
|
|
|
" \"joint_customer_ids\": [1048576333],\n"
|
|
|
" [...]\n"
|
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
|
" ]\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:47
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Notice that both types have a customer ID number which corresponds to a "
|
|
|
"person.\n"
|
|
|
"How would a single function handle both records of different types?"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Tenga en cuenta que ambos tipos tienen un número de identificación de "
|
|
|
"cliente que corresponde a una persona.\n"
|
|
|
"¿Cómo manejaría una sola función ambos registros de diferentes tipos?"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:50
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"In Rust, a `struct` could represent each of these types, and a trait would "
|
|
|
"have\n"
|
|
|
"a `get_customer_id` function they would implement:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En Rust, una `estructura` podría representar cada uno de estos tipos, y un "
|
|
|
"rasgo tendría\n"
|
|
|
"una función `get_customer_id` que implementarían:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:53
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
|
"use std::collections::HashSet;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct Account {\n"
|
|
|
" account_id: u32,\n"
|
|
|
" account_type: String,\n"
|
|
|
" // other fields omitted\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"pub trait CustomerId {\n"
|
|
|
" fn get_customer_id(&self) -> u64;\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct CreditRecord {\n"
|
|
|
" customer_id: u64,\n"
|
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
|
" dob: String,\n"
|
|
|
" // other fields omitted\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl CustomerId for CreditRecord {\n"
|
|
|
" fn get_customer_id(&self) -> u64 {\n"
|
|
|
" self.customer_id\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct AccountRecord {\n"
|
|
|
" customer_id: u64,\n"
|
|
|
" accounts: Vec<Account>,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"impl CustomerId for AccountRecord {\n"
|
|
|
" fn get_customer_id(&self) -> u64 {\n"
|
|
|
" self.customer_id\n"
|
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// static polymorphism: only one type, but each function call can choose it\n"
|
|
|
"fn unique_ids_set<R: CustomerId>(records: &[R]) -> HashSet<u64> {\n"
|
|
|
" records.iter().map(|r| r.get_customer_id()).collect()\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"// dynamic dispatch: iterates over any type with a customer ID, collecting "
|
|
|
"all\n"
|
|
|
"// values together\n"
|
|
|
"fn unique_ids_iter<I>(iterator: I) -> HashSet<u64>\n"
|
|
|
" where I: Iterator<Item=Box<dyn CustomerId>>\n"
|
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
|
" iterator.map(|r| r.as_ref().get_customer_id()).collect()\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:104
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Lenses, however, allow the code supporting customer ID to be moved from the\n"
|
|
|
"_type_ to the _accessor function_.\n"
|
|
|
"Rather than implementing a trait on each type, all matching structures can\n"
|
|
|
"simply be accessed the same way."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Sin embargo, las lentes permiten que el código que respalda la "
|
|
|
"identificación del cliente se mueva de la\n"
|
|
|
"_type_ a la _función de acceso_.\n"
|
|
|
"En lugar de implementar un rasgo en cada tipo, todas las estructuras "
|
|
|
"coincidentes pueden\n"
|
|
|
"simplemente se puede acceder de la misma manera."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:109
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"While the Rust language itself does not support this (type erasure is the\n"
|
|
|
"preferred solution to this problem), the [lens-rs "
|
|
|
"crate](https://github.com/TOETOE55/lens-rs/blob/master/guide.md) allows "
|
|
|
"code\n"
|
|
|
"that feels like this to be written with macros:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Si bien el lenguaje Rust en sí mismo no admite esto (el borrado de tipo es "
|
|
|
"el\n"
|
|
|
"solución preferida para este problema), [lens-rs "
|
|
|
"crate](https://github.com/TOETOE55/lens-rs/blob/master/guide.md) permite "
|
|
|
"código\n"
|
|
|
"que se siente así para ser escrito con macros:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:113
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"use std::collections::HashSet;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"use lens_rs::{optics, Lens, LensRef, Optics};\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Lens /* derive to allow lenses to work */)]\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct CreditRecord {\n"
|
|
|
" #[optic(ref)] // macro attribute to allow viewing this field\n"
|
|
|
" customer_id: u64,\n"
|
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
|
" dob: String,\n"
|
|
|
" // other fields omitted\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"#[derive(Clone, Debug)]\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct Account {\n"
|
|
|
" account_id: u32,\n"
|
|
|
" account_type: String,\n"
|
|
|
" // other fields omitted\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Lens)]\n"
|
|
|
"pub struct AccountRecord {\n"
|
|
|
" #[optic(ref)]\n"
|
|
|
" customer_id: u64,\n"
|
|
|
" accounts: Vec<Account>,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"fn unique_ids_lens<T>(iter: impl Iterator<Item = T>) -> HashSet<u64>\n"
|
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
|
" T: LensRef<Optics![customer_id], u64>, // any type with this field\n"
|
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
|
" iter.map(|r| *r.view_ref(optics!(customer_id))).collect()\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:149
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The version of `unique_ids_lens` shown here allows any type to be in the "
|
|
|
"iterator,\n"
|
|
|
"so long as it has an attribute called `customer_id` which can be accessed "
|
|
|
"by\n"
|
|
|
"the function.\n"
|
|
|
"This is how most functional programming languages operate on lenses."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La versión de `unique_ids_lens` que se muestra aquí permite que cualquier "
|
|
|
"tipo esté en el iterador,\n"
|
|
|
"siempre que tenga un atributo llamado `customer_id` al que se pueda acceder "
|
|
|
"mediante\n"
|
|
|
"la función.\n"
|
|
|
"Así es como la mayoría de los lenguajes de programación funcionales operan "
|
|
|
"en lentes."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:154
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rather than macros, they achieve this with a technique known as "
|
|
|
"\"currying\".\n"
|
|
|
"That is, they \"partially construct\" the function, leaving the type of the\n"
|
|
|
"final parameter (the value being operated on) unfilled until the function "
|
|
|
"is\n"
|
|
|
"called.\n"
|
|
|
"Thus it can be called with different types dynamically even from one place "
|
|
|
"in\n"
|
|
|
"the code.\n"
|
|
|
"That is what the `optics!` and `view_ref` in the example above simulates."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En lugar de macros, lo logran con una técnica conocida como \"curring\".\n"
|
|
|
"Es decir, \"construyen parcialmente\" la función, dejando el tipo de la\n"
|
|
|
"parámetro final (el valor que se está operando) sin completar hasta que la "
|
|
|
"función es\n"
|
|
|
"llamado.\n"
|
|
|
"Por lo tanto, se puede llamar con diferentes tipos dinámicamente incluso "
|
|
|
"desde un lugar en\n"
|
|
|
"el código.\n"
|
|
|
"Eso es lo que simula `optics!` y `view_ref` en el ejemplo anterior."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:162
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The functional approach need not be restricted to accessing members.\n"
|
|
|
"More powerful lenses can be created which both _set_ and _get_ data in a\n"
|
|
|
"structure.\n"
|
|
|
"But the concept really becomes interesting when used as a building block "
|
|
|
"for\n"
|
|
|
"composition.\n"
|
|
|
"That is where the concept appears more clearly in Rust."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El enfoque funcional no tiene por qué limitarse a los miembros de acceso.\n"
|
|
|
"Se pueden crear lentes más potentes que _configuran_ y _obtienen_ datos en "
|
|
|
"un\n"
|
|
|
"estructura.\n"
|
|
|
"Pero el concepto realmente se vuelve interesante cuando se usa como un "
|
|
|
"bloque de construcción para\n"
|
|
|
"composición.\n"
|
|
|
"Ahí es donde aparece más claro el concepto en Rust."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:169
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Prisms: A Higher-Order form of \"Optics\""
|
|
|
msgstr "## Prismas: una forma de \"óptica\" de orden superior"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:171
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"A simple function such as `unique_ids_lens` above operates on a single "
|
|
|
"lens.\n"
|
|
|
"A _prism_ is a function that operates on a _family_ of lenses.\n"
|
|
|
"It is one conceptual level higher, using lenses as a building block, and\n"
|
|
|
"continuing the metaphor, is part of a family of \"optics\".\n"
|
|
|
"It is the main one that is useful in understanding Rust APIs, so will be "
|
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
|
"focus here."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Una función simple como `unique_ids_lens` anterior opera en una sola lente.\n"
|
|
|
"Un _prisma_ es una función que opera en una _familia_ de lentes.\n"
|
|
|
"Es un nivel conceptual más alto, usando lentes como bloque de construcción, "
|
|
|
"y\n"
|
|
|
"continuando con la metáfora, forma parte de una familia de \"ópticas\".\n"
|
|
|
"Es el principal que es útil para comprender las API de Rust, por lo que será "
|
|
|
"el\n"
|
|
|
"enfócate aquí."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:178
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The same way that traits allow \"lens-like\" design with static polymorphism "
|
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
|
"dynamic dispatch, prism-like designs appear in Rust APIs which split "
|
|
|
"problems\n"
|
|
|
"into multiple associated types to be composed.\n"
|
|
|
"A good example of this is the traits in the parsing crate _Serde_."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"De la misma manera que los rasgos permiten un diseño \"similar a una lente\" "
|
|
|
"con polimorfismo estático y\n"
|
|
|
"envío dinámico, los diseños de prisma aparecen en las API de Rust que "
|
|
|
"dividen los problemas\n"
|
|
|
"en múltiples tipos asociados para ser compuestos.\n"
|
|
|
"Un buen ejemplo de esto son los rasgos en la caja de análisis _Serde_."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:183
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Trying to understand the way _Serde_ works by only reading the API is a\n"
|
|
|
"challenge, especially the first time.\n"
|
|
|
"Consider the `Deserializer` trait, implemented by some type in any library\n"
|
|
|
"which parses a new format:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Tratar de entender la forma en que funciona _Serde_ solo leyendo la API es "
|
|
|
"un\n"
|
|
|
"desafío, especialmente la primera vez.\n"
|
|
|
"Considere el rasgo `Deserializer`, implementado por algún tipo en cualquier "
|
|
|
"biblioteca\n"
|
|
|
"que analiza un nuevo formato:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:188
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"pub trait Deserializer<'de>: Sized {\n"
|
|
|
" type Error: Error;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn deserialize_any<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, "
|
|
|
"Self::Error>\n"
|
|
|
" where\n"
|
|
|
" V: Visitor<'de>;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn deserialize_bool<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, "
|
|
|
"Self::Error>\n"
|
|
|
" where\n"
|
|
|
" V: Visitor<'de>;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // remainder ommitted\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:204
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"For a trait that is just supposed to parse data from a format and return a\n"
|
|
|
"value, this looks odd."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Para un rasgo que se supone que analiza datos de un formato y devuelve un\n"
|
|
|
"valor, esto parece extraño."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:207
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "Why are all the return types type erased?"
|
|
|
msgstr "¿Por qué se borran todos los tipos de devolución?"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:209
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"To understand that, we need to keep the lens concept in mind and look at\n"
|
|
|
"the definition of the `Visitor` type that is passed in generically:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Para entender eso, necesitamos tener en mente el concepto de lente y "
|
|
|
"observar\n"
|
|
|
"la definición del tipo `Visitor` que se pasa genéricamente:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:212
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"pub trait Visitor<'de>: Sized {\n"
|
|
|
" type Value;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn visit_bool<E>(self, v: bool) -> Result<Self::Value, E>\n"
|
|
|
" where\n"
|
|
|
" E: Error;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn visit_u64<E>(self, v: u64) -> Result<Self::Value, E>\n"
|
|
|
" where\n"
|
|
|
" E: Error;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" fn visit_str<E>(self, v: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E>\n"
|
|
|
" where\n"
|
|
|
" E: Error;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
" // remainder omitted\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:232
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The job of the `Visitor` type is to construct values in the _Serde_ data "
|
|
|
"model,\n"
|
|
|
"which are represented by its associated `Value` type."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El trabajo del tipo `Visitor` es construir valores en el modelo de datos "
|
|
|
"_Serde_,\n"
|
|
|
"que están representados por su tipo `Valor` asociado."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:235
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"These values represent parts of the Rust value being deserialized.\n"
|
|
|
"If this fails, it returns an `Error` type - an error type determined by the\n"
|
|
|
"`Deserializer` when its methods were called."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Estos valores representan partes del valor de Rust que se está "
|
|
|
"deserializando.\n"
|
|
|
"Si esto falla, devuelve un tipo `Error` - un tipo de error determinado por "
|
|
|
"el\n"
|
|
|
"`Deserializer` cuando se llamaron sus métodos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:239
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This highlights that `Deserializer` is similar to `CustomerId` from "
|
|
|
"earlier,\n"
|
|
|
"allowing any format parser which implements it to create `Value`s based on "
|
|
|
"what\n"
|
|
|
"it parsed.\n"
|
|
|
"The `Value` trait is acting like a lens in functional programming languages."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esto resalta que `Deserializer` es similar a `CustomerId` anterior,\n"
|
|
|
"permitiendo que cualquier analizador de formato que lo implemente cree "
|
|
|
"'Valores' basados en lo que\n"
|
|
|
"analizó.\n"
|
|
|
"El rasgo `Valor` está actuando como una lente en los lenguajes de "
|
|
|
"programación funcionales."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:244
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"But unlike the `CustomerId` trait, the return types of `Visitor` methods "
|
|
|
"are\n"
|
|
|
"_generic_, and the concrete `Value` type is _determined by the Visitor "
|
|
|
"itself_."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Pero a diferencia del rasgo `CustomerId`, los tipos de retorno de los "
|
|
|
"métodos `Visitor` son\n"
|
|
|
"_genérico_, y el tipo de `Valor` concreto es _determinado por el propio "
|
|
|
"Visitante_."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:247
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Instead of acting as one lens, it effectively acts as a family of\n"
|
|
|
"lenses, one for each concrete type of `Visitor`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"En lugar de actuar como una sola lente, actúa efectivamente como una familia "
|
|
|
"de\n"
|
|
|
"lentes, uno para cada tipo concreto de 'Visitante'."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:250
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The `Deserializer` API is based on having a generic set of \"lenses\" work "
|
|
|
"across\n"
|
|
|
"a set of other generic types for \"observation\".\n"
|
|
|
"It is a _prism_."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"La API `Deserializer` se basa en tener un conjunto genérico de \"lentes\" "
|
|
|
"que funcionan en\n"
|
|
|
"un conjunto de otros tipos genéricos para \"observación\".\n"
|
|
|
"Es un _prisma_."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:254
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "For example, consider the identity record from earlier but simplified:"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Por ejemplo, considere el registro de identidad anterior pero simplificado:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:256
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```json\n"
|
|
|
"{ \"name\": \"Jane Doe\",\n"
|
|
|
" \"customer_id\": 1048576332,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:262
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"How would the _Serde_ library deserialize this JSON into `struct "
|
|
|
"CreditRecord`?"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"¿Cómo deserializaría la biblioteca _Serde_ este JSON en `struct "
|
|
|
"CreditRecord`?"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:264
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. The user would call a library function to deserialize the data. This "
|
|
|
"would\n"
|
|
|
" create a `Deserializer` based on the JSON format.\n"
|
|
|
"1. Based on the fields in the struct, a `Visitor` would be created (more on\n"
|
|
|
" that in a moment) which knows how to create each type in a generic data\n"
|
|
|
" model that was needed to represent it: `u64` and `String`.\n"
|
|
|
"1. The deserializer would make calls to the `Visitor` as it parsed items.\n"
|
|
|
"1. The `Visitor` would indicate if the items found were expected, and if "
|
|
|
"not,\n"
|
|
|
" raise an error to indicate deserialization has failed."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. El usuario llamaría a una función de biblioteca para deserializar los "
|
|
|
"datos. Esto sería\n"
|
|
|
" cree un `Deserializador` basado en el formato JSON.\n"
|
|
|
"1. Según los campos de la estructura, se crearía un 'Visitante' (más sobre\n"
|
|
|
" eso en un momento) que sabe cómo crear cada tipo en un data genérico\n"
|
|
|
" modelo que se necesitaba para representarlo: `u64` y `String`.\n"
|
|
|
"1. El deserializador haría llamadas al `Visitor` mientras analizaba los "
|
|
|
"elementos.\n"
|
|
|
"1. El `Visitante` indicaría si los artículos encontrados eran los esperados, "
|
|
|
"y si no,\n"
|
|
|
" genera un error para indicar que la deserialización ha fallado."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:273
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "For our very simple structure above, the expected pattern would be:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Para nuestra estructura muy simple anterior, el patrón esperado sería:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:275
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. Visit a map (_Serde_'s equvialent to `HashMap` or JSON's dictionary).\n"
|
|
|
"1. Visit a string key called \"name\".\n"
|
|
|
"1. Visit a string value, which will go into the `name` field.\n"
|
|
|
"1. Visit a string key called \"customer_id\".\n"
|
|
|
"1. Visit a string value, which will go into the `customer_id` field.\n"
|
|
|
"1. Visit the end of the map."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. Visitar un mapa (equivalente de _Serde_ a `HashMap` o diccionario de "
|
|
|
"JSON).\n"
|
|
|
"1. Visite una clave de cadena llamada \"nombre\".\n"
|
|
|
"1. Visite un valor de cadena, que irá al campo `nombre`.\n"
|
|
|
"1. Visite una clave de cadena llamada \"customer_id\".\n"
|
|
|
"1. Visite un valor de cadena, que irá al campo `customer_id`.\n"
|
|
|
"1. Visita el final del mapa."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:282
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "But what determines which \"observation\" pattern is expected?"
|
|
|
msgstr "Pero, ¿qué determina qué patrón de \"observación\" se espera?"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:284
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"A functional programming language would be able to use currying to create\n"
|
|
|
"reflection of each type based on the type itself.\n"
|
|
|
"Rust does not support that, so every single type would need to have its own\n"
|
|
|
"code written based on its fields and their properties."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Un lenguaje de programación funcional sería capaz de usar curry para crear\n"
|
|
|
"reflejo de cada tipo basado en el tipo mismo.\n"
|
|
|
"Rust no admite eso, por lo que cada tipo debería tener su propio\n"
|
|
|
"código escrito en base a sus campos y sus propiedades."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:289
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "_Serde_ solves this usability challenge with a derive macro:"
|
|
|
msgstr "_Serde_ resuelve este desafío de usabilidad con una macro derivada:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:291
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"use serde::Deserialize;\n"
|
|
|
"\n"
|
|
|
"#[derive(Deserialize)]\n"
|
|
|
"struct IdRecord {\n"
|
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
|
" customer_id: String,\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:301
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"That macro simply generates an impl block causing the struct to implement a\n"
|
|
|
"trait called `Deserialize`."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esa macro simplemente genera un bloque impl que hace que la estructura "
|
|
|
"implemente un\n"
|
|
|
"rasgo llamado `Deserializar`."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:304
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "It is defined this way:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Se define de esta manera:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:306
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
|
"pub trait Deserialize<'de>: Sized {\n"
|
|
|
" fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>\n"
|
|
|
" where\n"
|
|
|
" D: Deserializer<'de>;\n"
|
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:314
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"This is the function that determines how to create the struct itself.\n"
|
|
|
"Code is generated based on the struct's fields.\n"
|
|
|
"When the parsing library is called - in our example, a JSON parsing library "
|
|
|
"-\n"
|
|
|
"it creates a `Deserializer` and calls `Type::deserialize` with it as a\n"
|
|
|
"parameter."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Esta es la función que determina cómo crear la estructura en sí.\n"
|
|
|
"El código se genera en función de los campos de la estructura.\n"
|
|
|
"Cuando se llama a la biblioteca de análisis, en nuestro ejemplo, una "
|
|
|
"biblioteca de análisis JSON,\n"
|
|
|
"crea un 'Deserializer' y llama a 'Type::deserialize' con él como un\n"
|
|
|
"parámetro."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:320
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The `deserialize` code will then create a `Visitor` which will have its "
|
|
|
"calls\n"
|
|
|
"\"refracted\" by the `Deserializer`.\n"
|
|
|
"If everything goes well, eventually that `Visitor` will construct a value\n"
|
|
|
"corresponding to the type being parsed and return it."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El código `deserialize` creará un `Visitor` que tendrá sus llamadas\n"
|
|
|
"\"refractado\" por el `Deserializador`.\n"
|
|
|
"Si todo va bien, eventualmente ese 'Visitante' construirá un valor\n"
|
|
|
"correspondiente al tipo que se está analizando y devolverlo."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:325
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"For a complete example, see the [_Serde_ "
|
|
|
"documentation](https://serde.rs/deserialize-struct.html)."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Para ver un ejemplo completo, consulte la "
|
|
|
"[documentación_Serde_](https://serde.rs/deserialize-struct.html)."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:327
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "To wrap up, this is the power of _Serde_:"
|
|
|
msgstr "Para terminar, este es el poder de _Serde_:"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:329
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"1. The structure being parsed is represented by an `impl` block for "
|
|
|
"`Deserialize`\n"
|
|
|
"1. The input data format (e.g. JSON) is represented by a `Deserializer` "
|
|
|
"called\n"
|
|
|
" by `Deserialize`\n"
|
|
|
"1. The `Deserializer` acts like a prism which \"refracts\" lens-like "
|
|
|
"`Visitor`\n"
|
|
|
" calls which actually build the data value"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"1. La estructura que se analiza está representada por un bloque `impl` para "
|
|
|
"`Deserialize`\n"
|
|
|
"1. El formato de datos de entrada (por ejemplo, JSON) está representado por "
|
|
|
"un `Deserializador` llamado\n"
|
|
|
" por `Deserializar`\n"
|
|
|
"1. El 'Deserializador' actúa como un prisma que \"refracta\" al 'Visitor' "
|
|
|
"similar a una lente\n"
|
|
|
" llamadas que realmente construyen el valor de los datos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:335
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"The result is that types to be deserialized only implement the \"top layer\" "
|
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
|
"the API, and file formats only need to implement the \"bottom layer\".\n"
|
|
|
"Each piece can then \"just work\" with the rest of the ecosystem, since "
|
|
|
"generic\n"
|
|
|
"types will bridge them."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El resultado es que los tipos que se van a deserializar solo implementan la "
|
|
|
"\"capa superior\" de\n"
|
|
|
"la API y los formatos de archivo solo necesitan implementar la \"capa "
|
|
|
"inferior\".\n"
|
|
|
"Luego, cada pieza puede \"simplemente funcionar\" con el resto del "
|
|
|
"ecosistema, ya que los genéricos\n"
|
|
|
"los tipos los unirán."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:340
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"To emphasize, the only reason this model works on any format and any type "
|
|
|
"is\n"
|
|
|
"because the `Deserializer` trait's output type **is specified by the\n"
|
|
|
"implementor of `Visitor` it is passed**, rather than being tied to one "
|
|
|
"specific\n"
|
|
|
"type.\n"
|
|
|
"This was not true in the account example earlier."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"Para enfatizar, la única razón por la que este modelo funciona en cualquier "
|
|
|
"formato y cualquier tipo es\n"
|
|
|
"porque el tipo de salida del rasgo `Deserializer` ** está especificado por "
|
|
|
"el\n"
|
|
|
"implementador de `Visitor` se pasa **, en lugar de estar vinculado a un "
|
|
|
"específico\n"
|
|
|
"tipo.\n"
|
|
|
"Esto no era cierto en el ejemplo de la cuenta anterior."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:346
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"Rust's generic-inspired type system can bring it close to these concepts "
|
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
|
"use their power, as shown in this API design.\n"
|
|
|
"But it may also need procedural macros to create bridges for its generics."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"El sistema de tipos de inspiración genérica de Rust puede acercarlo a estos "
|
|
|
"conceptos y\n"
|
|
|
"usa su poder, como se muestra en este diseño de API.\n"
|
|
|
"Pero también puede necesitar macros de procedimiento para crear puentes para "
|
|
|
"sus genéricos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:350
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## See Also"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Ver también"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:352
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [lens-rs crate](https://crates.io/crates/lens-rs) for a pre-built lenses\n"
|
|
|
" implementation, with a cleaner interface than these examples\n"
|
|
|
"- [serde](https://serde.rs) itself, which makes these concepts intuitive "
|
|
|
"for\n"
|
|
|
" end users (i.e. defining the structs) without needing to undestand the\n"
|
|
|
" details\n"
|
|
|
"- [luminance](https://github.com/phaazon/luminance-rs) is a crate for "
|
|
|
"drawing\n"
|
|
|
" computer graphics that uses lens API design, including proceducal macros "
|
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
|
" create full prisms for buffers of different pixel types that remain "
|
|
|
"generic\n"
|
|
|
"- [An Article about Lenses in "
|
|
|
"Scala](https://web.archive.org/web/20221128185849/https://medium.com/zyseme-technology/functional-references-lens-and-other-optics-in-scala-e5f7e2fdafe)\n"
|
|
|
" that is very readable even without Scala expertise.\n"
|
|
|
"- [Paper: Profunctor Optics: Modular Data\n"
|
|
|
" "
|
|
|
"Accessors](https://web.archive.org/web/20220701102832/https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1703/1703.10857.pdf)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [caja de lentes-rs] (https://crates.io/crates/lens-rs) para lentes "
|
|
|
"preconstruidos\n"
|
|
|
" implementación, con una interfaz más limpia que estos ejemplos\n"
|
|
|
"- [serde](https://serde.rs) en sí mismo, lo que hace que estos conceptos "
|
|
|
"sean intuitivos para\n"
|
|
|
" usuarios finales (es decir, definir las estructuras) sin necesidad de "
|
|
|
"entender el\n"
|
|
|
" detalles\n"
|
|
|
"- [luminance](https://github.com/phaazon/luminance-rs) es una caja para "
|
|
|
"dibujar\n"
|
|
|
" gráficos por computadora que utilizan el diseño de la API de la lente, "
|
|
|
"incluidas las macros procesales para\n"
|
|
|
" crear prismas completos para búferes de diferentes tipos de píxeles que "
|
|
|
"siguen siendo genéricos\n"
|
|
|
"- [Un artículo sobre lentes en Scala] "
|
|
|
"(https://web.archive.org/web/20221128185849/https://medium.com/zyseme-technology/function-references-lens-and-other-optics-in- "
|
|
|
"scala-e5f7e2fdafe)\n"
|
|
|
" eso es muy legible incluso sin experiencia en Scala.\n"
|
|
|
"- [Papel: Óptica Profunctor: Datos Modulares\n"
|
|
|
" "
|
|
|
"Accesores](https://web.archive.org/web/20220701102832/https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1703/1703.10857.pdf)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\functional/lenses.md:365
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"[School of Haskell: A Little Lens Starter "
|
|
|
"Tutorial](https://web.archive.org/web/20221128190041/https://www.schoolofhaskell.com/school/to-infinity-and-beyond/pick-of-the-week/a-little-lens-starter-tutorial)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"[Escuela de Haskell: un pequeño tutorial para principiantes de lentes] "
|
|
|
"la-semana/un-pequeño-lentes-inicio-tutorial)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/index.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Additional resources"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Recursos adicionales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/index.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "A collection of complementary helpful content"
|
|
|
msgstr "Una colección de contenido útil complementario"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/index.md:5
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Talks"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Negociaciones"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/index.md:7
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"- [Design Patterns in Rust](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pm_oO0N5B9k) by\n"
|
|
|
" Nicholas Cameron at the PDRust (2016)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Writing Idiomatic Libraries in "
|
|
|
"Rust](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zOg8_B71gE)\n"
|
|
|
" by Pascal Hertleif at RustFest (2017)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Rust Programming Techniques](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqavdUGKeb4) "
|
|
|
"by\n"
|
|
|
" Nicholas Cameron at LinuxConfAu (2018)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Patrones de diseño en Rust](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pm_oO0N5B9k) "
|
|
|
"por\n"
|
|
|
" Nicholas Cameron en el PDRust (2016)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Escribir bibliotecas idiomáticas en "
|
|
|
"Rust](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zOg8_B71gE)\n"
|
|
|
" por Pascal Hertleif en RustFest (2017)\n"
|
|
|
"- [Técnicas de programación de óxido] "
|
|
|
"(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqavdUGKeb4) por\n"
|
|
|
" Nicholas Cameron en LinuxConfAu (2018)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/index.md:14
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Books (Online)"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Libros (en línea)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/index.md:16
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "- [The Rust API Guidelines](https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"- [Las pautas de la API de Rust] (https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:1
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "# Design principles"
|
|
|
msgstr "# Criterios de diseño"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:3
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## A brief overview over common design principles"
|
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msgstr "## Una breve descripción de los principios de diseño comunes"
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#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:7
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#, fuzzy
|
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msgid "## [SOLID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOLID)"
|
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msgstr "## [SÓLIDO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SÓLIDO)"
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#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:9
|
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#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
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"- [Single Responsibility Principle "
|
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"(SRP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-responsibility_principle):\n"
|
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" A class should only have a single responsibility, that is, only changes "
|
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"to\n"
|
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|
" one part of the software's specification should be able to affect the\n"
|
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" specification of the class.\n"
|
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"- [Open/Closed Principle "
|
|
|
"(OCP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%E2%80%93closed_principle):\n"
|
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" \"Software entities ... should be open for extension, but closed for\n"
|
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|
" modification.\"\n"
|
|
|
"- [Liskov Substitution Principle "
|
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|
"(LSP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liskov_substitution_principle):\n"
|
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" \"Objects in a program should be replaceable with instances of their "
|
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|
"subtypes\n"
|
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" without altering the correctness of that program.\"\n"
|
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"- [Interface Segregation Principle "
|
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|
"(ISP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_segregation_principle):\n"
|
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" \"Many client-specific interfaces are better than one general-purpose\n"
|
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" interface.\"\n"
|
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"- [Dependency Inversion Principle "
|
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"(DIP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_inversion_principle):\n"
|
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|
" One should \"depend upon abstractions, [not] concretions.\""
|
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msgstr ""
|
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"- [Principio de responsabilidad única (SRP)] "
|
|
|
"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-responsibility_principle):\n"
|
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|
" Una clase solo debe tener una única responsabilidad, es decir, solo "
|
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|
"cambios a\n"
|
|
|
" una parte de la especificación del software debería poder afectar la\n"
|
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|
" especificación de la clase.\n"
|
|
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"- [Principio abierto/cerrado "
|
|
|
"(OCP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%E2%80%93closed_principle):\n"
|
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|
" \"Las entidades de software... deberían estar abiertas para la extensión, "
|
|
|
"pero cerradas para\n"
|
|
|
" modificación.\"\n"
|
|
|
"- [Principio de sustitución de Liskov (LSP)] "
|
|
|
"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liskov_substitution_principle):\n"
|
|
|
" \"Los objetos en un programa deben ser reemplazables con instancias de sus "
|
|
|
"subtipos\n"
|
|
|
" sin alterar la corrección de ese programa\".\n"
|
|
|
"- [Principio de segregación de interfaz (ISP)] "
|
|
|
"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_segregation_principle):\n"
|
|
|
" \"Muchas interfaces específicas del cliente son mejores que una de "
|
|
|
"propósito general\n"
|
|
|
" interfaz.\"\n"
|
|
|
"- [Principio de inversión de dependencia (DIP)] "
|
|
|
"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_inversion_principle):\n"
|
|
|
" Uno debe \"depender de abstracciones, [no] de concreciones\"."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:25
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"## [DRY (Don’t Repeat "
|
|
|
"Yourself)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"## [SECO (No te "
|
|
|
"repitas)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:27
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"\"Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative\n"
|
|
|
"representation within a system\""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"“Cada pieza de conocimiento debe tener un único, inequívoco, autorizado\n"
|
|
|
"representación dentro de un sistema\""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:30
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## [KISS principle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle)"
|
|
|
msgstr "## [principio KISS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:32
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"most systems work best if they are kept simple rather than made "
|
|
|
"complicated;\n"
|
|
|
"therefore, simplicity should be a key goal in design, and unnecessary\n"
|
|
|
"complexity should be avoided"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:36
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## [Law of Demeter (LoD)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Demeter)"
|
|
|
msgstr "## [Ley de Deméter (LoD)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Demeter)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:38
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"a given object should assume as little as possible about the structure or\n"
|
|
|
"properties of anything else (including its subcomponents), in accordance "
|
|
|
"with\n"
|
|
|
"the principle of \"information hiding\""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"un objeto dado debe suponer lo menos posible acerca de la estructura o\n"
|
|
|
"propiedades de cualquier otra cosa (incluidos sus subcomponentes), de "
|
|
|
"acuerdo con\n"
|
|
|
"el principio de \"ocultamiento de información\""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:42
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"## [Design by contract "
|
|
|
"(DbC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_by_contract)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"## [Diseño por contrato "
|
|
|
"(DbC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_by_contract)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:44
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"software designers should define formal, precise and verifiable interface\n"
|
|
|
"specifications for software components, which extend the ordinary definition "
|
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
|
"abstract data types with preconditions, postconditions and invariants"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"los diseñadores de software deben definir una interfaz formal, precisa y "
|
|
|
"verificable\n"
|
|
|
"especificaciones para componentes de software, que amplían la definición "
|
|
|
"ordinaria de\n"
|
|
|
"tipos de datos abstractos con condiciones previas, condiciones posteriores e "
|
|
|
"invariantes"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:48
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"## "
|
|
|
"[Encapsulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encapsulation_(computer_programming))"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"## "
|
|
|
"[Encapsulación](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encapsulation_(computer_programming))"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:50
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data, or the "
|
|
|
"restricting\n"
|
|
|
"of direct access to some of an object's components. Encapsulation is used "
|
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
|
"hide the values or state of a structured data object inside a class, "
|
|
|
"preventing\n"
|
|
|
"unauthorized parties' direct access to them."
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"agrupación de datos con los métodos que operan en esos datos, o la "
|
|
|
"restricción\n"
|
|
|
"de acceso directo a algunos de los componentes de un objeto. La "
|
|
|
"encapsulación se utiliza para\n"
|
|
|
"ocultar los valores o el estado de un objeto de datos estructurados dentro "
|
|
|
"de una clase, evitando\n"
|
|
|
"el acceso directo de terceros no autorizados a ellos."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:55
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"## "
|
|
|
"[Command-Query-Separation(CQS)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command%E2%80%93query_separation)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"## [Comando-Consulta-Separación "
|
|
|
"(CQS)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command%E2%80%93query_separation)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:57
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"“Functions should not produce abstract side effects...only commands\n"
|
|
|
"(procedures) will be permitted to produce side effects.” - Bertrand Meyer:\n"
|
|
|
"Object-Oriented Software Construction"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"“Las funciones no deben producir efectos secundarios abstractos... solo "
|
|
|
"comandos\n"
|
|
|
"(procedimientos) podrán producir efectos secundarios”. -Bertrand Meyer:\n"
|
|
|
"Construcción de software orientada a objetos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:61
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"## [Principle of least astonishment "
|
|
|
"(POLA)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_least_astonishment)"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"## [Principio del menor asombro "
|
|
|
"(POLA)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_least_astonishment)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:63
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"a component of a system should behave in a way that most users will expect "
|
|
|
"it\n"
|
|
|
"to behave. The behavior should not astonish or surprise users"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"un componente de un sistema debe comportarse de una manera que la mayoría de "
|
|
|
"los usuarios esperarán\n"
|
|
|
"a comportarse. El comportamiento no debe asombrar o sorprender a los "
|
|
|
"usuarios."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:66
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Linguistic-Modular-Units"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Unidades modulares lingüísticas"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:68
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"“Modules must correspond to syntactic units in the language used.” - "
|
|
|
"Bertrand\n"
|
|
|
"Meyer: Object-Oriented Software Construction"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"“Los módulos deben corresponder a unidades sintácticas en el idioma "
|
|
|
"utilizado.” - Bertrand\n"
|
|
|
"Meyer: Construcción de Software Orientado a Objetos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:71
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Self-Documentation"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Autodocumentación"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:73
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"“The designer of a module should strive to make all information about the\n"
|
|
|
"module part of the module itself.” - Bertrand Meyer: Object-Oriented "
|
|
|
"Software\n"
|
|
|
"Construction"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"“El diseñador de un módulo debe esforzarse por hacer que toda la información "
|
|
|
"sobre el\n"
|
|
|
"módulo parte del propio módulo.” - Bertrand Meyer: software orientado a "
|
|
|
"objetos\n"
|
|
|
"Construcción"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:77
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Uniform-Access"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Acceso uniforme"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:79
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"“All services offered by a module should be available through a uniform\n"
|
|
|
"notation, which does not betray whether they are implemented through storage "
|
|
|
"or\n"
|
|
|
"through computation.” - Bertrand Meyer: Object-Oriented Software Construction"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"“Todos los servicios ofrecidos por un módulo deben estar disponibles a "
|
|
|
"través de un\n"
|
|
|
"notación, que no traiciona si se implementan a través del almacenamiento o\n"
|
|
|
"a través de la computación.” - Bertrand Meyer: Construcción de Software "
|
|
|
"Orientado a Objetos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:83
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Single-Choice"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Opción única"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:85
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"“Whenever a software system must support a set of alternatives, one and "
|
|
|
"only\n"
|
|
|
"one module in the system should know their exhaustive list.” - Bertrand "
|
|
|
"Meyer:\n"
|
|
|
"Object-Oriented Software Construction"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"“Siempre que un sistema de software deba soportar un conjunto de "
|
|
|
"alternativas, una y sólo\n"
|
|
|
"un módulo en el sistema debe conocer su lista exhaustiva”. -Bertrand Meyer:\n"
|
|
|
"Construcción de software orientada a objetos"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:89
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid "## Persistence-Closure"
|
|
|
msgstr "## Persistencia-Cierre"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src\additional_resources/design-principles.md:91
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
"“Whenever a storage mechanism stores an object, it must store with it the\n"
|
|
|
"dependents of that object. Whenever a retrieval mechanism retrieves a\n"
|
|
|
"previously stored object, it must also retrieve any dependent of that "
|
|
|
"object\n"
|
|
|
"that has not yet been retrieved.” - Bertrand Meyer: Object-Oriented "
|
|
|
"Software\n"
|
|
|
"Construction"
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
"“Siempre que un mecanismo de almacenamiento almacena un objeto, debe "
|
|
|
"almacenar con él el\n"
|
|
|
"dependientes de ese objeto. Cada vez que un mecanismo de recuperación "
|
|
|
"recupera un\n"
|
|
|
"objeto previamente almacenado, también debe recuperar cualquier dependiente "
|
|
|
"de ese objeto\n"
|
|
|
"que aún no ha sido recuperado.” - Bertrand Meyer: software orientado a "
|
|
|
"objetos\n"
|
|
|
"Construcción"
|
|
|
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|