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=======================
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Hardware sizing & setup
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=======================
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The **harware setup** requires a careful preparation and selection of
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the standard PC hardware components for the intended installation of
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OPNsense.
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⚠ Computer hardware with the open source security software OPNsense®
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pre-installed can be purchased directly from various (online) stores.
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.. TIP::
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The OPNsense development team encourage everyone looking for a turn-key solution
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to buy from `Deciso <https://www.deciso.com>`__ or one of the other partners listed at our partner page.
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**Listed partners make significant contributions back to the project**
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--------------------------------
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Supported hardware architectures
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--------------------------------
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OPNsense® is available for
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`x86-32 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-32>`__ (i386) and
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`x86-64 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64>`__ (amd64) bit
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microprocessor architectures. Full installs on `SD memory
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cards <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Digital>`__, `solid-state
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disks (SSD) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_drive>`__ or
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`hard disk drives
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(HDD) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive>`__ are intended
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for OPNsense.
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While the range of supported devices are from embedded systems to rack
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mounted servers, we recommend to use a 64-bit versions of OPNsense, if
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the hardware is capable of running 64-bit `operating
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systems <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/operating_system>`__. It is
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possible to install and run 32-bit (x86-32, i386) versions of OPNsense®
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on 64-bit (x86-64, amd64) PC hardware, but we do not recommend it,
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especially not for new deployments.
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---------------------
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Hardware requirements
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---------------------
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For substantially narrowed OPNsense® functionality there is the basic
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specification. For full functionality there are minimum, reasonable and
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recommended specifications.
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.. rubric:: Minimum
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:name: minimum
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The minimum specification to run all OPNsense standard features that do
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not need disk writes, means you can run all standard features, expect
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for the ones that require disk writes, e.g. a caching proxy (cache) or intrusion detection
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and prevention (alert database).
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+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Processor | 500MHz single core cpu |
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+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| RAM | 512 MB |
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+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Install method | Serial console or video (vga) |
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+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Install target | SD or CF card with a minimum of 4GB, use nano images for installation. |
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+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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Table: *Minimum hardware requirements*
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.. rubric:: Reasonable
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:name: reasonable
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The reasonable specification to run all OPNsense standard features,
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means every feature is functional, but perhaps not with a lot of users
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or high loads.
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+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Processor | 1 GHz dual core cpu |
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+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| RAM | 1 GB |
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+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Install method | Serial console or video (vga) |
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+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Install target | 40 GB SSD, a minimum of 1GB memory is needed for the installer to run. |
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+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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Table: *Reasonable hardware requirements*
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.. rubric:: Recommended
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:name: recommended
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The recommended specification to run all OPNsense standard features,
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means every feature is functional and fits most use cases.
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+------------------+---------------------------------+
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| Processor | 1.5 GHz multi core cpu |
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+------------------+---------------------------------+
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| RAM | 4 GB |
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+------------------+---------------------------------+
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| Install method | Serial console or video (vga) |
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+------------------+---------------------------------+
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| Install target | 120 GB SSD |
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+------------------+---------------------------------+
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Table: *Recommended hardware requirements*
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.. rubric:: Hardware guide
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:name: hardware-guide
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The hardware required for your local OPNsense, will be determined by the
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intended minimum `throughput <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/>`__ and the
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feature set.
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---------------------
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Impact of Feature set
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---------------------
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While most features do not effect hardware dimensioning, a few features
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have massive impact on it. The candidates are:
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`Squid <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squid_(software)>`__
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a caching web proxy which can be used for web-content control,
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respectively. These packages rely strongly on CPU load and
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disk-cache writes.
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`Captive portal <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captive_portal>`__
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settings with hundreds of simultaneously served captive portal users
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will require more CPU power in all the hardware specifications
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displayed below.
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`State transition tables <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_transition_table>`__
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it is a known fact, that each state table entry requires about 1KB
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(kilo bytes) of RAM. The average state table, filled with 1000
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entries will occupy about ~10MB (mega bytes) of
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`RAM <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memory>`__.
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OPNsense usage settings with hundred of thousands of connections
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will require memory accordingly.
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----------
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Throughput
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----------
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The main hardware-factors of the OPNsense setup involved are CPU, RAM,
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mass storage (disc), the number and quality of network interfaces.
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+-------------------+-----------------------+-------------+------------------------+
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| Throughput (Mbps) | Hardware requirements | Feature set | Users / Networks |
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+===================+=======================+=============+========================+
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| 1-10 | Basic spec. | narrowed | few (1-10) |
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+-------------------+-----------------------+-------------+------------------------+
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| 11-150 | Minimum spec. | reduced | adjusted (10-30) |
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+-------------------+-----------------------+-------------+------------------------+
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| 151-350 | Reasonable spec. | all | substantial (30-50) |
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+-------------------+-----------------------+-------------+------------------------+
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| 350-750+ | Recommended spec. | all | substantial+ (50-150+) |
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+-------------------+-----------------------+-------------+------------------------+
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| Mbps (Mbit/s or Mb/s) - Megabit per second - 1,000,000 bits per second |
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+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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Network interface cards
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As the FreeBSD hardware-lists and -recommendations
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say, Intel® network interface cards (NIC) for
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`LAN <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network>`__
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connections are reliable, fast and not error-prone. Intel chipset
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NICs deliver higher throughput at a reduced `CPU
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load <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_(computing)>`__.
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.. rubric:: Supported hardware
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:name: supported-hardware
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The FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE is the base of OPNsense. All FreeBSD drivers
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are included in the OPNsense kernel, and the hardware compatibility is
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the same.
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.. Tip::
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If you are looking to buy new hardware then take a look at our `partner page <https://opnsense.org/partners>`__
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as these partners contribute back to OPNsense and sell hardware that is know to work well.
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For further help and support, see
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- `FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE Hardware Compatibility
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List <https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.1R/hardware.html>`__
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- `OPNsense Forum <https://forum.opnsense.org/>`__
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.. rubric:: List of references
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:name: list-of-references
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- Schellevis, Jos; *Hardware requirements*; `OPNsense > Get
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started <https://opnsense.org/users/get-started/>`__ (2015)
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- McKusick, Marshall; Neville-Neil, George V; Warson, Robert NM; *The
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Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System* (2015);
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Addison-Wesley, New Jersey; ISBN 978-0321968975
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