mirror of
https://github.com/opnsense/docs
synced 2024-11-18 21:28:29 +00:00
245 lines
17 KiB
ReStructuredText
245 lines
17 KiB
ReStructuredText
================
|
|
Other Types
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
Besides wired, wireless and VPN interfaces, there are also some other, virtual interfaces, as well as some
|
|
miscellaneous interface-related. These options can be found under :menuselection:`Interfaces --> Other types`.
|
|
This document briefly explains these options.
|
|
|
|
------
|
|
Bridge
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
Bridging allows to create a connection between separate networks, allow traffic on network A destined for network B
|
|
(where both networks are connected to your OPNsense device) to reach it via this bridge. Note that this does not
|
|
include DHCP services—this needs to set using :ref:`DHCP relaying <dhcp-relaying>`.
|
|
|
|
A bridge works like a (layer-2) switch, forwarding traffic from one interface to another.
|
|
Multicast and broadcast packets are always forwarded to all interfaces that are part of the bridge.
|
|
For unicast traffic, the bridge learns which MAC addresses are associated with which interfaces and will forward the traffic selectively.
|
|
|
|
Optionally a bridge can be configured to support `(Rapid) Spanning Tree Protocol <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanning_Tree_Protocol>`__ (RSTP/RTP)
|
|
to prevent loops in the network topology. These options are provided in the "advanced" section of the configuration and include the following settings:
|
|
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
Option Description
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
Enable Enable the (Rapid) Spanning Tree Protocol
|
|
Protocol Protocol to use, rapid or regular spanning tree
|
|
STP interfaces The interfaces tith [R]STP enabled, from the ones in the bridge
|
|
Valid time (maxage) Set the time that a Spanning Tree Protocol configuration is valid. The default is 20 seconds.
|
|
Forward time (fwddelay) Set the time that must pass before an interface begins forwarding packets when
|
|
Spanning Tree is enabled. The default is 15 seconds.
|
|
Hello time (hellotime) Set the time between broadcasting of Spanning Tree Protocol configuration messages.
|
|
The hello time may only be changed when operating in legacy STP mode. The default is 2 seconds.
|
|
Priority Set the bridge priority for Spanning Tree.
|
|
The default is 32768. The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 61440.
|
|
Hold count (holdcnt) Set the transmit hold count for Spanning Tree. This is the number of packets transmitted
|
|
before being rate limited. The default is 6. The minimum is 1 and the maximum is 10.
|
|
[interface] Priority (ifpriority) Set the Spanning Tree priority of interface to value. The default is 128.
|
|
The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 240. Increments of 16.
|
|
[interface] Path cost (ifpathcost) Set the Spanning Tree path cost of interface to value.
|
|
The default is calculated from the link speed.
|
|
To change a previously selected path cost back to automatic, set the cost to 0.
|
|
The minimum is 1 and the maximum is 200000000.
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
|
|
Other advanced options available in the bottom section of the screen and include the following settings:
|
|
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
Option Description
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
Cache size (maxaddr) Set the size of the bridge address cache to size. The default is 2000 entries.
|
|
Cache entry expire time (timeout) Set the timeout of address cache entries to this number of seconds. If seconds is zero,
|
|
then address cache entries will not be expired. The default is 1200 seconds.
|
|
Span port Span ports transmit a copy of every frame received by the bridge.
|
|
This is most useful for snooping a bridged network passively on another host connected to one
|
|
of the span ports of the bridge.
|
|
Edge ports Set interface as an edge port. An edge port connects directly to end stations and
|
|
cannot create bridging loops in the network; this allows it to transition straight to forwarding.
|
|
Auto Edge ports Allow interface to automatically detect edge status.
|
|
This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge, selecting interfaces will disable
|
|
auto mode.
|
|
PTP ports Set the interface as a point-to-point link.
|
|
This is required for straight transitions to forwarding and should be
|
|
enabled on a direct link to another RSTP-capable switch.
|
|
Auto PTP ports Automatically detect the point-to-point status on interface by checking the
|
|
full duplex link status.
|
|
This is the default for interfaces added to the bridge, selecting interfaces will disable
|
|
auto mode.
|
|
Sticky ports Mark an interface as a "sticky" interface. Dynamically learned address entries are
|
|
treated as static once entered into the cache.
|
|
Sticky entries are never aged out of the cache or replaced,
|
|
even if the address is seen on a different interface.
|
|
Private ports Mark an interface as a "private" interface. A private interface does not forward any traffic
|
|
to any other port that is also a private interface.
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
GIF
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
GIF (``gif(4)``, Generic Tunnel Interface) can be used to tunnel IPv6 via IPv4 connections. A common use for this is the
|
|
IPv6 tunnel of Hurricane Electric (he.net).
|
|
|
|
.. Note::
|
|
|
|
In :doc:`/manual/how-tos/ipv6_tunnelbroker` you can find information on how to setup a tunnel using Hurricane Electric
|
|
|
|
|
|
As with all tunnel types, the most important settings relate to how both ends connect and which addressing will be used to
|
|
route traffic over the tunnel. The rest of the settings usually are best left to their defaults.
|
|
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
Option Description
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
Parent interface Actually the source address the tunnel will use to connect from.
|
|
GIF remote address Peer address where encapsulated gif packets will be sent.
|
|
GIF tunnel local address The tunnel's local address which will be configured on the interface.
|
|
GIF tunnel remote address The tunnel's remote address which will be configured on the interface.
|
|
Disable Ingress filtering Ingress filtering on outer tunnel source can break tunnel operation in an asymmetrically
|
|
routed networks, in which case this can be disabled by marking this option.
|
|
ECN friendly behavior Note that the ECN friendly behavior violates RFC2893.
|
|
This should be used in mutual agreement with the peer.
|
|
Description User friendly description for this tunnel
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
GRE
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
GRE (``gre(4)``, Generic Routing Encapsulation) is used to create a virtual point-to-point connection, through which
|
|
encapsulated packages can be sent. This can be used to utilise (OSI-layer 3) protocols between devices over a connection that
|
|
does not normally support these protocols.
|
|
|
|
Since the GRE protocol was designed by Cisco, it is often used as default tunnel technology when using their solutions.
|
|
|
|
A common use-case of GRE is also to forward (no routable) multicast traffic,
|
|
although this will need additional software such as IGMP-proxy or PIMD, which are less commonly used on OPNsense.
|
|
|
|
The available settings are similar to those described for the GIF tunnel type:
|
|
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
Option Description
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
Parent interface Actually the source address the tunnel will use to connect from.
|
|
GRE remote address Peer address where encapsulated gif packets will be sent.
|
|
GRE tunnel local address The tunnel's local address which will be configured on the interface.
|
|
GRE tunnel remote address The tunnel's remote address which will be configured on the interface.
|
|
Description User friendly description for this tunnel
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
LAGG
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
LAGG (``lagg(4)``) allows for link aggregation, bonding and fault tolerance. This works best if your network switches
|
|
support. Only unassigned interfaces can be added to LAGG.
|
|
|
|
The userinterface supports the following options:
|
|
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
Option Description
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
Parent interface Members of the link aggregation
|
|
Lag proto Protocol to use for aggregation, available options are described in the next table. LACP is most
|
|
commonly used.
|
|
Description User friendly description for this interface
|
|
Fast timeout Enable lacp fast-timeout on the interface.
|
|
Use flowid Use the RSS hash from the network card if available,
|
|
otherwise a hash is locally calculated.
|
|
The default depends on the system tunable in net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid.
|
|
Hash Layers Set the packet layers to hash for aggregation protocols which load balance.
|
|
Use strict Enable lacp strict compliance on the interface.
|
|
The default depends on the system tunable in `net.link.lagg.lacp.default_strict_mode`.
|
|
MTU MTU size, when unset the smallest mtu of this laggs children will be used.
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Available protocols**
|
|
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
Name Description
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
failover Sends and receives traffic only through the master port.
|
|
If the master port becomes unavailable, the next active port is used.
|
|
The first interface added is the master port; any interfaces added after that are used
|
|
as failover devices.
|
|
fec Supports Cisco EtherChannel. This is a static setup and does not negotiate
|
|
aggregation with the peer or exchange frames to monitor the link.
|
|
lacp Supports the IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) and the Marker Protocol.
|
|
LACP will negotiate a set of aggregable links with the peer in to one or more
|
|
Link Aggregated Groups. Each LAG is composed of ports of the same speed,
|
|
set to full-duplex operation. The traffic will be balanced across the ports in the LAG
|
|
with the greatest total speed, in most cases there will only be one LAG which contains all ports.
|
|
In the event of changes in physical connectivity, Link Aggregation will quickly
|
|
converge to a new configuration.
|
|
loadbalance Balances outgoing traffic across the active ports based on hashed protocol
|
|
header information and accepts incoming traffic from any active port.
|
|
This is a static setup and does not negotiate aggregation with the peer or exchange
|
|
frames to monitor the link. The hash includes the Ethernet source and destination address,
|
|
and, if available, the VLAN tag, and the IP source and destination address.
|
|
roundrobin Distributes outgoing traffic using a round-robin scheduler through all
|
|
active ports and accepts incoming traffic from any active port.
|
|
none This protocol is intended to do nothing: It disables any traffic without
|
|
disabling the lagg interface itself.
|
|
================================== ==================================================================================================
|
|
|
|
--------------
|
|
Loopback
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
Loopbacks are logical virtual interfaces which emulate real interfaces and can be used for different setup scenario's,
|
|
which require always-on interfaces. Below you will find some scenario's for which these types of interfaces are used.
|
|
|
|
* Administrative access to services on your machine, which can bind to an address configured on top of the loopback.
|
|
* Using loopback addresses as router IDs for OSPF or BGP, which helps to identify your nodes and eases administration
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
VLAN
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
VLANs (Virtual LANs) can be used to segment a single physical network into multiple virtual networks. This can be
|
|
done for QoS purposes, among other things. For this reason, most ISP-issued IPTV devices utilise VLANs.
|
|
|
|
The following settings are available for these interface types:
|
|
|
|
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
|
Name Description
|
|
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
|
Device Device name of this virtual interface, usually starts with **vlan** or **qinq** depending on the type
|
|
Parent interface The interface to use as parent which it will send/receive vlan tagged traffic on
|
|
VLAN tag 802.1Q VLAN tag (between 1 and 4094)
|
|
VLAN priority 802.1Q VLAN PCP (priority code point)
|
|
Description User friendly description for this interface
|
|
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
|
|
|
.. Note::
|
|
|
|
`802.1ad <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1ad>`__ , also known as QinQ, is supported via the VLAN configuration
|
|
in which case you would stack a :code:`vlan` on top of a :code:`vlan`, the device name should start with qinq in that case.
|
|
|
|
------
|
|
VXLAN
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
Virtual eXtensible Local Area Networks (VXLANs) are used to overlay virtualized layer 2 networks over layer 3 networks
|
|
as described by `rfc7348 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7348>`__.
|
|
|
|
Tunnels can be setup in point to point (parameter :code:`Remote address`) or multicast (parameters :code:`Multicast group` and :code:`Device`).
|
|
The `Source address` must be an existing (statically assigned) address assigned at this firewall, which will be used as
|
|
source in the encapsulating IPv4/IPv6 header.
|
|
|
|
.. Note::
|
|
|
|
Since the vxlan interface encapsulates the Ethernet frame with an IP, UDP, and vxlan header,
|
|
the resulting frame may be larger than the MTU of the physical network. The vxlan specification recommends the physical
|
|
network MTU be configured to use jumbo frames to accommodate the encapsulated frame size.
|
|
Alternatively, the MTU size on the vxlan interface might be reduced to allow the encapsulated frame to fit in
|
|
the current MTU of the physical network.
|