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==========================
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Setup SSL VPN Road Warrior
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==========================
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.. image:: images/sslvpn_image_new.png
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:width: 100%
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Road Warriors are remote users who need secure access to the companies infrastructure.
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OPNsense uses OpenVPN for its SSL VPN Road Warrior setup and offers OTP (One Time Password)
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integration with standard tokens and Googles Authenticator.
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.. Tip::
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Did you know that OPNsense offers two-factor authentication throughout the entire
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system? See for more information: :doc:`/manual/two_factor`
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The main advantages of using SSL VPN for Road Warriors instead of IPsec are:
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* Easy setup on almost all mobile clients using OPNsense's Client Configuration Export.
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* Fine grained access control by using multiple servers or Client Specific Overrides.
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* No issues with NAT without NAT-T
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With this how-to we'll show you how to configure OPNsense's SSL VPN for road warriors
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and give you configuration examples for:
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* Two Factor Authentication (2FA)
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* Multi Factor Authentication ( Client Certificate + Password + OTP )
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* Client configuration on Windows, OSX, iOS and Android
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.. Note::
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For the sample we will use a private IP for our WAN connection.
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This requires us to disable the default block rule on wan to allow private traffic.
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To do so, go to the **Interfaces->[WAN]** and uncheck "Block private networks".
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*(Dont forget to save and apply)*
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.. image:: images/block_private_networks.png
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-----------------------------
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------------
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Sample Setup
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------------
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For the sample configuration we configure OPNsense
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**Company Network with Remote Client**
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.. nwdiag::
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:scale: 100%
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nwdiag {
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span_width = 90;
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node_width = 180;
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Internet [shape = "cisco.cloud"];
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fileserver [label="File Server",shape="cisco.fileserver",address="192.168.1.10"];
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fileserver -- switchlan;
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network LAN {
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switchlan [label="",shape = "cisco.workgroup_switch"];
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label = " LAN";
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address ="192.168.1.x/24";
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fw1 [address="192.168.1.1/24"];
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}
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network WAN {
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label = " WAN";
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fw1 [shape = "cisco.firewall", address="172.18.0.129"];
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Internet;
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}
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network Remote {
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Internet;
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laptop [address="172.10.10.55 (WANIP),10.10.0.1 (SSL Tunnel)",label="Remote User",shape="cisco.laptop"];
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}
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}
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Company Network
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---------------
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===================== =============================
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**Hostname** fw1
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**WAN IP** 172.18.0.129
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**LAN IP** 192.168.1.1/24
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**LAN DHCP Range** 192.168.1.100-192.168.1.200
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**SSL VPN Clients** 10.10.0.0/24
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===================== =============================
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-----------------------------
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---------------------
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Step 0 - Preparation
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---------------------
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For our example we will use two factor authentication (2FA) and multi factor authentication.
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So before we start with the SSL VPN configuration we will need an TOTP server and
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a valid signing certificate authority.
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For completeness of this how-to we will also prepare a user.
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Configure TOTP server
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---------------------
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To configure a Time based One Time Password server go to **System->Access->Servers**
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and click on **Add server** in the top right corner of the form.
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.. TIP::
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You can also use the quick-search to jump right into the the Access Server
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configuration. Try it by typing *Ac...* and see for yourself:
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.. image:: images/qs-access_server.png
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:width: 100%
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:align: center
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Now first change the **Type** to **Local + Timebased One time Password**
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Enter a **Descriptive name** such as *TOTP VPN Access Server*
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For our example we leave everything else default as we will be using Google's Authenticator
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and the defaults are correct for that.
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When using other tokens you may need to change the **Token length**.
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Click **Save** to add the new server.
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Add Certificate Authority
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-------------------------
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The VPN server needs a certificate authority to sign client or server certificates.
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To setup a new certificate authority go to **System->Trust->Authorities** and click
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on **add or import ca** in the top right corner of the form.
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For our example we will use the following setting:
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========================= ================================================
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**Descriptive name** *SSL VPN CA*
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**Method** *Create an internal Certificate Authority*
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**Key length (bits)** *4096*
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**Digest Algorithm** *SHA512*
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**Lifetime (days)** *365*
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**Country Code :** *NL*
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**State or Province :** *ZH*
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**City :** *Middelharnis*
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**Organization :** *OPNsense*
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**Email Address :** *spam@opnsense.org*
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**Common Name :** *internal-sslvpn-ca*
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========================= ================================================
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Click **Save** to add the new Certificate Authority.
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Create a Certificate
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---------------------
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After creating the Authority we will also need a certificate.
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To create a new certificate, go to **System->Trust->Certificates** and click
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**add or import certificate** in the upper right corner of the form.
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Fill in the form with (leave the rest default):
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=========================== ================================================
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**Method** *Create an internal Certificate*
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**Descriptive name** *SSLVPN Server Certificate*
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**Certificate authority** *SSL VPN CA*
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**Type** *Server Certificate*
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**Key length (bits)** *4096*
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**Digest Algorithm** *SHA512*
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**Lifetime (days)** *365*
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**Country Code :** *NL*
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**State or Province :** *ZH*
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**City :** *Middelharnis*
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**Organization :** *OPNsense*
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**Email Address :** *spam@opnsense.org*
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**Common Name :** *SSLVPN Server Certificate*
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=========================== ================================================
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Click **Save** to create the certificate.
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Adding a User
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-------------
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To add a new user go to **System->Access->Users** and click on the plus sign in
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the lower right corner of the form.
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Creating a user will be done in two steps, the first one is adding a basic user
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with a username, password, TOTP seed and user certificate. The second step
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(after saving) will be to activate the generated OTP seed with a Google
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Authenticator compatible app.
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For the first step we enter:
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================== ===================
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**Username** *Donald*
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**Password** (2x) *S3cr3tP@ssw0rd*
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**Full name** *Donald Duck*
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**Certificate** *True*
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**OTP seed** *True*
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================== ===================
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Click **Save** and you will be redirected to create the User Certificate.
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Fill in the Certificate form with the following for our example (leave anything
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not listed on its presented defaults):
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=========================== ========================================
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**Method** *Create an internal Certificate*
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**Descriptive Name** *Leave default (Donald)*
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**Certificate authority** *SSL VPN CA*
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**Type** *Client Certificate*
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**Key length** *4096*
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**Digest Algorithm** *SHA512*
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=========================== ========================================
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Click **Save** and you will be redirected to the User page.
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Now we will activate your newly created seed with your Google Authenticator
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compatible app. To do so click in the **Click to unhide** button in the
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**OTP QR code** row and you will get a QR code to scan with your smartphone.
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See also: :doc:`/manual/how-tos/two_factor`
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-----------------------------
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------------------------
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Step 1 - Add SSL Server
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------------------------
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Adding a new SSL VPN server is relatively simple. We'll start by adding one that
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uses our two factor authentication. This setup offers a good protection and it is
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easy to setup on the clients as each client can use the same configuration.
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Go to **VPN->OpenVPN->Servers** and click on **add server** in to top right corner
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of the form.
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For our example will use the following settings:
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.. Note::
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The setting **Hardware Crypto** is not used for new systems equipped with **AESNI**,
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when the aesni module is loaded it will be used automatically.
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===================================== ===============================================
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**Server Mode** *Remote Access (User Auth)*
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**Backend for authentication** *TOTP VPN Access Server*
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**Protocol** *UDP*
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**Device Mode** *tun*
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**Interface** *WAN*
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**Local port** *1194*
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**Description** *My SSL VPN Server*
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**TLS Authentication** *Leave both on enabled (checked)*
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**Peer Certificate Revocation List** *N/A*
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**Server Certificate** *SSLVPN Server Certificate (CA: SSL VPN CA)*
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**DH Parameters Length** *4096*
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**Encryption algorithm** *AES-256-CBC (256-bit)*
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**Auth Digest Algorithm** *SHA512 (512-bit)*
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**Hardware Crypto** *No Hardware Crypto Acceleration*
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**Certificate Depth** *One (Client+Server)*
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**IPv4 Tunnel Network** *10.10.0.0/24*
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**IPv6 Tunnel Network** *Leave Empty*
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**Redirect Gateway** *Leave Unchecked*
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**IPv4 Local Network/s** *192.168.1.0/24*
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**IPv6 Local Network/s** *Leave Empty*
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**IPv4 Remote Network/s** *Leave Empty*
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**IPv6 Remote Network/s** *Leave Empty*
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**Concurrent connections** *Leave Empty*
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**Compression** *Enabled with Adaptive Compression*
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**Type-of-Service** *Leave Unchecked*
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**Duplicate Connections** *Leave Unchecked*
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**Disable IPv6** *Checked*
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**Dynamic IP** *Leave Unchecked*
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**Address Pool** *Leave Checked*
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**Topology** *Leave Unchecked*
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**DNS Default Domain** *Leave Unchecked*
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**DNS Servers** *Leave Unchecked*
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**Force DNS cache update** *Leave Unchecked*
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**NTP Servers** *Leave Unchecked*
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**NetBIOS Options** *Leave Unchecked*
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**Client Management Port** *Leave Unchecked*
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**Renegotiate time** *0*
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===================================== ===============================================
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.. Note::
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**Renegotiate time** is used to renegotiate data channel key after n
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seconds (default=3600).When using a one time password, be advised that
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your connection will automatically drop because your password is not
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valid anymore.Set to 0 to disable, remember to change your client when
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changed later.
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Click **Save** to add the new server.
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.. image:: images/sslvpn_server.png
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:width: 100%
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----------------------
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-----------------------
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Step 2 - Firewall Rules
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-----------------------
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To allow SSL VPN client connections, we should allow access to the OpenVPN server
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port on the WAN interface. When using multiple servers we need to open up each port.
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For our configuration we only use one server accessible on udp port 1194.
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.. image:: images/sslvpn_wan_rule.png
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:width: 100%
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Next we also need to allow traffic from the VPN clients to our LAN interface.
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For our example we will allow client to access anything on our local area network,
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however you may decide just to allow traffic to one or more servers.
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.. image:: images/sslvpn_openvpn_rule.png
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:width: 100%
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-----------------------------
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-------------------------------------
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Step 3 - Export Client Configuration
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-------------------------------------
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Mac OSX & Windows
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-----------------
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For Mac OSX & Windows users we recommend using Viscosity from Sparklabs (https://www.sparklabs.com/viscosity/).
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Viscosity is very easy to setup and use and works well on both platforms.
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Go to **VPN->OpenVPN->Client Export** and select the newly created VPN server from
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the list. Leave everything default and Download the **Viscosity Bundle** from the
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list of export options under **Client Install Packages**.
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Now on your Mac or Windows PC unpack the bundle and import the Viscosity.visc file.
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Double clicking it should be enough to get it imported. When asked for an application
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to open the file with search and select Viscosity.
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Some sample screenshots (Mac OSX):
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.. image:: images/viscosity_files.png
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:width: 100%
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**Import Configuration**
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.. image:: images/viscosity_imported.png
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:width: 100%
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**Connect & login**
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In the password field enter your TOTP token first followed by your password.
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.. image:: images/viscosity_login.png
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:width: 100%
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**Connected**
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.. image:: images/viscosity_connected.png
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:width: 100%
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-----------------------------
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Android
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-------
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For Android users we recommend using OpenVPN for Android (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.blinkt.openvpn)
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from Arne Schwabe.
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Go to **VPN->OpenVPN->Client Export** and select the newly created VPN server from
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the list. Leave everything default and Download the inline **Android** configuration from the
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list of export options under **Client Install Packages**.
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Import the hostname-udp-1194-ios-config.ovpn file into OpenVPN for Android.
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Clicking on the file should be enough to get it imported. When asked for an application
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to open the file with, select OpenVPN for Android.
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-----------------------------
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iOS
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---
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For iOS users we recommend using OpenVPN Connect (https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/openvpn-connect/id590379981)
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from OpenVPN Technologies.
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Go to **VPN->OpenVPN->Client Export** and select the newly created VPN server from
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the list. Leave everything default and Download the inline **OpenVPN Connect** configuration from the
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list of export options under **Client Install Packages**.
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Import the hostname-udp-1194-andoroid-config.ovpn file into OpenVPN Connect.
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Clicking on the file should be enough to get it imported. When asked for an application
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to open the file with, select OpenVPN Connect.
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-----------------------------
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------------------------------------
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Step 4 - Multi Factor Authentication
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------------------------------------
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For two factor authentication you need the factors username/password and a token.
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OPNsense supports another layer, namely a user certificate. This means that every
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user will be uniquely identified by the user certificate. In this case the multi
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factors are:
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* User certificate
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* Username/Password
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* Token (TOTP)
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Go to **VPN->OpenVPN->Servers** and click on the pencil icon next to the server
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we just created to change the 2FA to multi factor authentication.
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Now change **Server Mode** to *Remote Access (SSL/TLS + User Auth)* and leave
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everything else unchanged. Click **Save** on the bottom of the form.
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Now when you go to the client exporter, you will see that each user is listed separately.
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In our case we see Donald listed. Exporting and importing this configuration works
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exactly the same as before, the only difference is that each user requires a User certificate
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and therefore their own configuration.
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.. image:: images/sslvpn_client_certificate.png
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:width: 100%
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