openai-cookbook/examples/Classification_using_embeddings.ipynb

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    "## Classification using embeddings\n",
    "\n",
    "There are many ways to classify text. This notebook shares an example of text classification using embeddings. For many text classification tasks, we've seen fine-tuned models do better than embeddings. See an example of fine-tuned models for classification in [Fine-tuned_classification.ipynb](Fine-tuned_classification.ipynb). We also recommend having more examples than embedding dimensions, which we don't quite achieve here.\n",
    "\n",
    "In this text classification task, we predict the score of a food review (1 to 5) based on the embedding of the review's text. We split the dataset into a training and a testing set for all the following tasks, so we can realistically evaluate performance on unseen data. The dataset is created in the [Obtain_dataset Notebook](Obtain_dataset.ipynb).\n"
   ]
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    {
     "name": "stdout",
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     "text": [
      "              precision    recall  f1-score   support\n",
      "\n",
      "           1       0.88      0.35      0.50        20\n",
      "           2       1.00      0.38      0.55         8\n",
      "           3       1.00      0.18      0.31        11\n",
      "           4       1.00      0.26      0.41        27\n",
      "           5       0.74      1.00      0.85       134\n",
      "\n",
      "    accuracy                           0.77       200\n",
      "   macro avg       0.92      0.43      0.52       200\n",
      "weighted avg       0.82      0.77      0.72       200\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# imports\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier\n",
    "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
    "from sklearn.metrics import classification_report, accuracy_score\n",
    "\n",
    "# load data\n",
    "datafile_path = \"data/fine_food_reviews_with_embeddings_1k.csv\"\n",
    "\n",
    "df = pd.read_csv(datafile_path)\n",
    "df[\"embedding\"] = df.embedding.apply(eval).apply(np.array)  # convert string to array\n",
    "\n",
    "# split data into train and test\n",
    "X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(\n",
    "    list(df.embedding.values), df.Score, test_size=0.2, random_state=42\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "# train random forest classifier\n",
    "clf = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100)\n",
    "clf.fit(X_train, y_train)\n",
    "preds = clf.predict(X_test)\n",
    "probas = clf.predict_proba(X_test)\n",
    "\n",
    "report = classification_report(y_test, preds)\n",
    "print(report)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can see that the model has learnt to distinguish between the categories decently. 5-star reviews show the best performance overall, and this is not too surprising, since they are the most common in the dataset."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "RandomForestClassifier() - Average precision score over all classes: 0.87\n"
     ]
    },
    {
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      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 648x720 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from openai.embeddings_utils import plot_multiclass_precision_recall\n",
    "\n",
    "plot_multiclass_precision_recall(probas, y_test, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], clf)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Unsurprisingly 5-star and 1-star reviews seem to be easier to predict. Perhaps with more data, the nuances between 2-4 stars could be better predicted, but there's also probably more subjectivity in how people use the inbetween scores."
   ]
  }
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