rename ncvisual_open_plane->ncvisual_from_file() #560

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ rearrangements of Notcurses.
   * `notcurses_lex_margins()` has been added to lex margins expressed in either
      of two canonical formats. Hopefully this will lead to more programs
      supporting margins.
+  * `ncvisual_open_plane()` has been renamed `ncvisual_from_file()`. The former
+     has been retained as a deprecated alias. It will be removed by 1.6/2.0.
 
 * 1.3.3 (2020-04-26)
   * The `ncdplot` type has been added for plots based on `double`s rather than

USAGE.md

@@ -2375,7 +2375,7 @@ struct ncvisual* ncplane_visual_open(struct ncplane* nc, const char* file, nc_er
 // new plane will be exactly that large. Otherwise, the plane will be as large
 // as possible (given the visible screen), either maintaining aspect ratio
 // (NCSCALE_SCALE) or abandoning it (NCSCALE_STRETCH).
-struct ncvisual* ncvisual_open_plane(struct notcurses* nc, const char* file, nc_err_e* err, int y, int x, ncscale_e style);
+struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_file(struct notcurses* nc, const char* file, nc_err_e* err, int y, int x, ncscale_e style);
 
 // Destroy an ncvisual. Rendered elements will not be disrupted, but the visual
 // can be neither decoded nor rendered any further.
@@ -2440,3 +2440,19 @@ char* ncvisual_subtitle(const struct ncvisual* ncv);
 int ncplane_rotate_cw(struct ncplane* n);
 int ncplane_rotate_ccw(struct ncplane* n);
 ```
+
+It is also possible to seed an `ncvisual` directly from memory, without involving
+a file. Both RGBA and BGRA 8bpc arrangements can be used.
+
+```c
+// Prepare an ncvisual, and its underlying plane, based off RGBA content in
+// memory at 'rgba'. 'rgba' must be a flat array of 32-bit 8bpc RGBA pixels.
+// These must be arranged in 'rowstride' * 4b lines, where the first 'cols'
+// * 4b are actual data. There must be 'rows' lines. The total size of 'rgba'
+// must thus be at least (rows * rowstride * 4) bytes, of which (rows * cols
+// * 4) bytes are actual data. The resulting plane will be 'rows' / 2 x 'cols'.
+ncvisual* ncvisual_from_rgba(notcurses* nc, const void* rgba, int rows, int rowstride, int cols);
+
+// ncvisual_from_rgba(), but for BGRA.
+ncvisual* ncvisual_from_bgra(notcurses* nc, const void* bgra, int rows, int rowstride, int cols);
+```

doc/man/man3/notcurses_visual.3.md

@@ -24,10 +24,14 @@ typedef int (*streamcb)(struct notcurses*, struct ncvisual*, void*);
 **struct ncvisual* ncplane_visual_open(struct ncplane* nc, const char* file,
                                          nc_err_e* err);**
 
-**struct ncvisual* ncvisual_open_plane(struct notcurses* nc, const char* file,
+**struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_file(struct notcurses* nc, const char* file,
                                          nc_err_e* err, int y, int x,
                                          ncscale_e style);**
 
+**struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_rgba(struct notcurses* nc, const void* rgba, int rows, int rowstride, int cols);**
+
+**struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_bgra(struct notcurses* nc, const void* bgra, int rows, int rowstride, int cols);**
+
 **void ncvisual_destroy(struct ncvisual* ncv);**
 
 **nc_err_e ncvisual_decode(struct ncvisual* nc);**
@@ -60,6 +64,18 @@ or **begx** are an error. It is an error to specify any region beyond the
 boundaries of the frame. Supplying zero for either **leny** or **lenx** will
 result in a zero-area rendering.
 
+It is possible to create an **ncvisual** from memory, rather than from a
+disk, but only using raw RGBA/BGRA 8bpc content. For RGBA, use
+**ncvisual_from_rgba**. For BGRA, use **ncvisual_from_bgra**. Both require
+a number of **rows**, a number of image columns **cols**, and a virtual row
+length of **rowstride** columns. The input data must provide 32 bits per
+pixel, and thus must be at least **rowstride** * **rows** * 4 bytes, of
+which a **cols** * **rows** * 4-byte subset is used. It is not possible to
+**mmap(2)** an image file and use it directly--decompressed, decoded data
+is necessary. The resulting plane will be **rows** / 2 rows, and **cols**
+columns. It will not be necessary to call **ncvisual_decode**, but it is
+still necessary to call **ncvisual_render**.
+
 Both **ncplane_rotate_cw** and **ncplane_rotate_ccw** execute a rotation of
 π/2 radians, in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction respectively.
 
@@ -71,7 +87,7 @@ be returned for multiple frames, or might not.
 
 **notcurses_canopen** returns true if this functionality is enabled, or false
 if Notcurses was not built with multimedia support. **ncplane_visual_open** and
-**ncvisual_open_plane** return an **ncvisual** object on success, or **NULL**
+**ncvisual_from_file** return an **ncvisual** object on success, or **NULL**
 on failure. Success from these functions indicates that the specified **file**
 was opened, and enough data was read to make a firm codec identification. It
 does not mean that the entire file is properly-formed. On failure, **err**

include/ncpp/Visual.hh

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace ncpp
 
 		explicit Visual (const char *file, nc_err_e* ncerr, int y, int x, NCScale scale)
 		{
-			visual = ncvisual_open_plane (get_notcurses (), file, ncerr, y, x, static_cast<ncscale_e>(scale));
+			visual = ncvisual_from_file (get_notcurses (), file, ncerr, y, x, static_cast<ncscale_e>(scale));
 			if (visual == nullptr)
 				throw init_error ("notcurses failed to create a new visual");
 		}

include/notcurses/notcurses.h

@@ -2031,7 +2031,7 @@ ncplane_double_box_sized(struct ncplane* n, uint32_t attr, uint64_t channels,
 API struct ncvisual* ncplane_visual_open(struct ncplane* nc, const char* file,
                                          nc_err_e* ncerr);
 
-// How to scale the visual in ncvisual_open_plane(). NCSCALE_NONE will open a
+// How to scale the visual in ncvisual_from_file(). NCSCALE_NONE will open a
 // plane tailored to the visual's exact needs, which is probably larger than the
 // visible screen (but might be smaller). NCSCALE_SCALE scales a visual larger
 // than the visible screen down, maintaining aspect ratio. NCSCALE_STRETCH
@@ -2048,9 +2048,33 @@ typedef enum {
 // new plane will be exactly that large. Otherwise, the plane will be as large
 // as possible (given the visible screen), either maintaining aspect ratio
 // (NCSCALE_SCALE) or abandoning it (NCSCALE_STRETCH).
-API struct ncvisual* ncvisual_open_plane(struct notcurses* nc, const char* file,
-                                         nc_err_e* ncerr, int y, int x,
-                                         ncscale_e style);
+API struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_file(struct notcurses* nc, const char* file,
+                                        nc_err_e* ncerr, int y, int x,
+                                        ncscale_e style);
+
+// Remove by 1.6/2.0 FIXME
+static inline struct ncvisual*
+ncvisual_open_plane(struct notcurses* nc, const char* file, nc_err_e* ncerr,
+                    int y, int x, ncscale_e style) __attribute__ ((deprecated));
+
+static inline struct ncvisual*
+ncvisual_open_plane(struct notcurses* nc, const char* file, nc_err_e* ncerr,
+                    int y, int x, ncscale_e style){
+  return ncvisual_from_file(nc, file, ncerr, y, x, style);
+}
+
+// Prepare an ncvisual, and its underlying plane, based off RGBA content in
+// memory at 'rgba'. 'rgba' must be a flat array of 32-bit 8bpc RGBA pixels.
+// These must be arranged in 'rowstride' * 4b lines, where the first 'cols'
+// * 4b are actual data. There must be 'rows' lines. The total size of 'rgba'
+// must thus be at least (rows * rowstride * 4) bytes, of which (rows * cols
+// * 4) bytes are actual data. The resulting plane will be 'rows' / 2 x 'cols'.
+API struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_rgba(struct notcurses* nc, const void* rgba,
+                                        int rows, int rowstride, int cols);
+
+// ncvisual_from_rgba(), but 'bgra' is arranged as BGRA.
+API struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_bgra(struct notcurses* nc, const void* bgra,
+                                        int rows, int rowstride, int cols);
 
 // Return the plane to which this ncvisual is bound.
 API struct ncplane* ncvisual_plane(struct ncvisual* ncv);
@@ -2715,6 +2739,14 @@ API int ncsubproc_destroy(struct ncsubproc* n);
 // future compatability (provide 0 for no artificail bound).
 API int ncplane_qrcode(struct ncplane* n, int maxversion, const void* data, size_t len);
 
+// Promote an ncplane 'n' to an ncvisual. The plane should not be associated
+// with an existing ncvisual, and may contain only spaces, half blocks, and
+// full blocks. The latter will be checked, and any other glyph will result
+// in a NULL being returned. This function exists so that planes can be
+// subjected to ncvisual transformations. If possible, it's usually better
+// to create the ncvisual from memory using ncvisual_from_rgba().
+API struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_plane(struct ncplane* n);
+
 #undef API
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

python/src/notcurses/build_notcurses.py

@@ -285,7 +285,9 @@ typedef enum {
   NCSCALE_SCALE,
   NCSCALE_STRETCH,
 } ncscale_e;
-struct ncvisual* ncvisual_open_plane(struct notcurses* nc, const char* file, nc_err_e* err, int y, int x, ncscale_e style);
+struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_file(struct notcurses* nc, const char* file, nc_err_e* err, int y, int x, ncscale_e style);
+struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_rgba(struct notcurses* nc, const void* rgba, int rows, int rowstride, int cols);
+struct ncvisual* ncvisual_from_bgra(struct notcurses* nc, const void* bgra, int rows, int rowstride, int cols);
 struct ncplane* ncvisual_plane(struct ncvisual* ncv);
 void ncvisual_destroy(struct ncvisual* ncv);
 nc_err_e ncvisual_decode(struct ncvisual* nc);

src/demo/chunli.c

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ chunli_draw(struct notcurses* nc, const char* ext, int count, const cell* b){
     notcurses_refresh(nc, &dimy, &dimx);
     snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "chunli%d.%s", i + 1, ext);
     chuns[i].path = find_data(file);
-    chuns[i].ncv = ncvisual_open_plane(nc, chuns[i].path, &err, 0, 0, NCSCALE_NONE);
+    chuns[i].ncv = ncvisual_from_file(nc, chuns[i].path, &err, 0, 0, NCSCALE_NONE);
     if(chuns[i].ncv == NULL){
       return -1;
     }
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ int chunli_demo(struct notcurses* nc){
     snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "chunli%02d.png", i);
     char* path = find_data(file);
     nc_err_e err;
-    struct ncvisual* ncv = ncvisual_open_plane(nc, path, &err, 0, 0, NCSCALE_NONE);
+    struct ncvisual* ncv = ncvisual_from_file(nc, path, &err, 0, 0, NCSCALE_NONE);
     if(ncv == NULL){
       free(path);
       break;

src/demo/eagle.c

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ const char eagle1[] =
 static int
 outzoomed_map(struct notcurses* nc, const char* map){
   nc_err_e ncerr;
-  struct ncvisual* ncv = ncvisual_open_plane(nc, map, &ncerr, 0, 0, NCSCALE_SCALE);
+  struct ncvisual* ncv = ncvisual_from_file(nc, map, &ncerr, 0, 0, NCSCALE_SCALE);
   if(ncv == NULL){
     return -1;
   }
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ zoom_map(struct notcurses* nc, const char* map){
   // and begin opening it on larger and larger planes that fit on the screen
   // less and less. eventually, reach our natural NCSCALE_NONE size and begin
   // scrolling through the map, whooooooooosh.
-  struct ncvisual* ncv = ncvisual_open_plane(nc, map, &ncerr, 0, 0, NCSCALE_NONE);
+  struct ncvisual* ncv = ncvisual_from_file(nc, map, &ncerr, 0, 0, NCSCALE_NONE);
   if(ncv == NULL){
     return NULL;
   }

src/demo/luigi.c

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ int luigi_demo(struct notcurses* nc){
   if(fname == NULL){
     return -1;
   }
-  wmncv = ncvisual_open_plane(nc, fname, &ncerr, 0, 0, NCSCALE_NONE);
+  wmncv = ncvisual_from_file(nc, fname, &ncerr, 0, 0, NCSCALE_NONE);
   free(fname);
   if(wmncv == NULL){
     return -1;

src/lib/internal.h

@@ -39,9 +39,11 @@ const char* oiio_version(void);
 #include "notcurses/notcurses.h"
 #include "egcpool.h"
 
-struct SwsContext;
 struct esctrie;
 
+// we can't define multipart ncvisual here, because OIIO requires C++ syntax,
+// and we can't go throwing C++ syntax into this header. so it goes.
+
 // A plane is memory for some rectilinear virtual window, plus current cursor
 // state for that window. A notcurses context describes a single terminal, and
 // has a z-order of planes (I see no advantage to maintaining a poset, and we
@@ -634,6 +636,8 @@ enforce_utf8(void){
   return true;
 }
 
+struct ncvisual* ncvisual_create(float timescale);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif

src/lib/libav.c

@@ -10,16 +10,6 @@ struct AVCodecParameters;
 struct AVPacket;
 
 typedef struct ncvisual {
-  struct AVFormatContext* fmtctx;
-  struct AVCodecContext* codecctx;       // video codec context
-  struct AVCodecContext* subtcodecctx;   // subtitle codec context
-  struct AVFrame* frame;
-  struct AVFrame* oframe;
-  struct AVCodec* codec;
-  struct AVCodecParameters* cparams;
-  struct AVCodec* subtcodec;
-  struct AVPacket* packet;
-  struct SwsContext* swsctx;
   int packet_outstanding;
   int dstwidth, dstheight;
   int stream_index;        // match against this following av_read_frame()
@@ -33,6 +23,16 @@ typedef struct ncvisual {
   ncscale_e style;         // none, scale, or stretch
   struct notcurses* ncobj; // set iff this ncvisual "owns" its ncplane
 #ifdef USE_FFMPEG
+  struct AVFormatContext* fmtctx;
+  struct AVCodecContext* codecctx;       // video codec context
+  struct AVCodecContext* subtcodecctx;   // subtitle codec context
+  struct AVFrame* frame;
+  struct AVFrame* oframe;
+  struct AVCodec* codec;
+  struct AVCodecParameters* cparams;
+  struct AVCodec* subtcodec;
+  struct AVPacket* packet;
+  struct SwsContext* swsctx;
   AVSubtitle subtitle;
 #endif
 } ncvisual;
@@ -42,6 +42,16 @@ ncplane* ncvisual_plane(ncvisual* ncv){
   return ncv->ncp;
 }
 
+ncvisual* ncvisual_create(float timescale){
+  ncvisual* ret = malloc(sizeof(*ret));
+  if(ret == NULL){
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  memset(ret, 0, sizeof(*ret));
+  ret->timescale = timescale;
+  return ret;
+}
+
 void ncvisual_destroy(ncvisual* ncv){
   if(ncv){
     avcodec_close(ncv->codecctx);
@@ -64,17 +74,6 @@ bool notcurses_canopen(const notcurses* nc __attribute__ ((unused))){
   return true;
 }
 
-static ncvisual*
-ncvisual_create(float timescale){
-  ncvisual* ret = malloc(sizeof(*ret));
-  if(ret == NULL){
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  memset(ret, 0, sizeof(*ret));
-  ret->timescale = timescale;
-  return ret;
-}
-
 /* static void
 print_frame_summary(const AVCodecContext* cctx, const AVFrame* f){
   char pfmt[128];
@@ -386,7 +385,7 @@ ncvisual* ncplane_visual_open(ncplane* nc, const char* filename, nc_err_e* ncerr
   return ncv;
 }
 
-ncvisual* ncvisual_open_plane(notcurses* nc, const char* filename,
+ncvisual* ncvisual_from_file(notcurses* nc, const char* filename,
                               nc_err_e* ncerr, int y, int x, ncscale_e style){
   ncvisual* ncv = ncvisual_open(filename, ncerr);
   if(ncv == NULL){
@@ -509,6 +508,12 @@ int ncvisual_init(int loglevel){
   // FIXME could also use av_log_set_callback() and capture the message...
   return 0;
 }
+
+ncvisual* ncvisual_from_rgba(notcurses* nc, const void* rgba, int rows, int rowstride, int cols){
+}
+
+ncvisual* ncvisual_from_bgra(notcurses* nc, const void* bgra, int rows, int rowstride, int cols){
+}
 #else // built without ffmpeg
 #ifndef USE_OIIO // built without ffmpeg or oiio
 bool notcurses_canopen(const notcurses* nc __attribute__ ((unused))){
@@ -551,7 +556,7 @@ ncvisual* ncplane_visual_open(ncplane* nc, const char* filename, nc_err_e* ncerr
   return NULL;
 }
 
-ncvisual* ncvisual_open_plane(notcurses* nc, const char* filename,
+ncvisual* ncvisual_from_file(notcurses* nc, const char* filename,
                               nc_err_e* ncerr, int y, int x, ncscale_e style){
   (void)nc;
   (void)filename;
@@ -577,5 +582,22 @@ void ncvisual_destroy(ncvisual* ncv){
   (void)ncv;
 }
 
+ncvisual* ncvisual_from_rgba(notcurses* nc, const void* rgba, int rows, int rowstride, int cols){
+  (void)nc;
+  (void)rgba;
+  (void)rows;
+  (void)rowstride;
+  (void)cols;
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+ncvisual* ncvisual_from_bgra(notcurses* nc, const void* bgra, int rows, int rowstride, int cols){
+  (void)nc;
+  (void)bgra;
+  (void)rows;
+  (void)rowstride;
+  (void)cols;
+  return NULL;
+}
 #endif
 #endif

src/lib/oiio.cpp

@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ bool notcurses_canopen(const notcurses* nc __attribute__ ((unused))){
   return true;
 }
 
-static ncvisual*
-ncvisual_create(const char* filename, float timescale){
+ncvisual* ncvisual_create(float timescale){
   auto ret = new ncvisual;
   if(ret == nullptr){
     return nullptr;
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ ncvisual_create(const char* filename, float timescale){
   ret->ncobj = nullptr;
   ret->frame = nullptr;
   ret->raw = nullptr;
-  ret->filename = strdup(filename);
+  ret->filename = nullptr;
   return ret;
 }
 
@@ -63,10 +62,16 @@ ncvisual_open(const char* filename, nc_err_e* err){
     *err = NCERR_NOMEM;
     return nullptr;
   }
+  if((ncv->filename = strdup(filename)) == nullptr){
+    *err = NCERR_NOMEM;
+    delete ncv;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
   ncv->image = OIIO::ImageInput::open(filename);
   if(!ncv->image){
     // fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't create %s (%s)\n", filename, strerror(errno));
     *err = NCERR_DECODE;
+    ncvisual_destroy(ncv);
     return nullptr;
   }
 /*const auto &spec = ncv->image->spec_dimensions();
@@ -89,8 +94,8 @@ ncvisual* ncplane_visual_open(ncplane* nc, const char* filename, nc_err_e* ncerr
   return ncv;
 }
 
-ncvisual* ncvisual_open_plane(notcurses* nc, const char* filename,
-                              nc_err_e* ncerr, int y, int x, ncscale_e style){
+ncvisual* ncvisual_from_file(notcurses* nc, const char* filename, nc_err_e* ncerr,
+                             int y, int x, ncscale_e style){
   ncvisual* ncv = ncvisual_open(filename, ncerr);
   if(ncv == nullptr){
     return nullptr;
@@ -291,7 +296,9 @@ int ncvisual_init(int loglevel){
 
 void ncvisual_destroy(ncvisual* ncv){
   if(ncv){
-    ncv->image->close();
+    if(ncv->image){
+      ncv->image->close();
+    }
     if(ncv->ncobj){
       ncplane_destroy(ncv->ncp);
     }
@@ -305,4 +312,9 @@ const char* oiio_version(void){
   return OIIO_VERSION_STRING;
 }
 
+ncvisual* ncvisual_open_rgba(notcurses* nc, const void* rgba, int rows, int rowstride, int cols){
+}
+
+ncvisual* ncvisual_open_bgra(notcurses* nc, const void* bgra, int rows, int rowstride, int cols){
+}
 #endif

src/lib/visual.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 #include "internal.h"
 
+// ncvisual functionality independent of the underlying engine
+
 ncvisual* ncvisual_from_plane(ncplane* n){
-  return NULL; // FIXME
+  int dimy, dimx;
+  ncplane_dim_yx(n, &dimy, &dimx);
+  ncvisual* ncv = ncvisual_create(1);
+  return ncv;
 }

tests/rotate.cpp

@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
 #include "main.h"
 
-void RotateCW(struct notcurses* nc, struct ncplane* n) {
+void RotateCW(struct notcurses* nc, struct ncvisual* n) {
     CHECK(0 == notcurses_render(nc));
-    CHECK(0 == ncplane_rotate_cw(n));
+    CHECK(0 == ncvisual_rotate_cw(n));
     CHECK(0 == notcurses_render(nc));
-    CHECK(0 == ncplane_rotate_cw(n));
+    CHECK(0 == ncvisual_rotate_cw(n));
     CHECK(0 == notcurses_render(nc));
-    CHECK(0 == ncplane_rotate_cw(n));
+    CHECK(0 == ncvisual_rotate_cw(n));
     CHECK(0 == notcurses_render(nc));
-    CHECK(0 == ncplane_rotate_cw(n));
+    CHECK(0 == ncvisual_rotate_cw(n));
     CHECK(0 == notcurses_render(nc));
 }
 
-void RotateCCW(struct notcurses* nc, struct ncplane* n) {
+void RotateCCW(struct notcurses* nc, struct ncvisual* n) {
     CHECK(0 == notcurses_render(nc));
-    CHECK(0 == ncplane_rotate_ccw(n));
+    CHECK(0 == ncvisual_rotate_ccw(n));
     CHECK(0 == notcurses_render(nc));
-    CHECK(0 == ncplane_rotate_ccw(n));
+    CHECK(0 == ncvisual_rotate_ccw(n));
     CHECK(0 == notcurses_render(nc));
-    CHECK(0 == ncplane_rotate_ccw(n));
+    CHECK(0 == ncvisual_rotate_ccw(n));
     CHECK(0 == notcurses_render(nc));
-    CHECK(0 == ncplane_rotate_ccw(n));
+    CHECK(0 == ncvisual_rotate_ccw(n));
     CHECK(0 == notcurses_render(nc));
 }
 

tests/visual.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Multimedia") {
     nc_err_e ncerr = NCERR_SUCCESS;
     int dimy, dimx;
     ncplane_dim_yx(ncp_, &dimy, &dimx);
-    auto ncv = ncvisual_open_plane(nc_, find_data("changes.jpg"), &ncerr, 0, 0, NCSCALE_STRETCH);
+    auto ncv = ncvisual_from_file(nc_, find_data("changes.jpg"), &ncerr, 0, 0, NCSCALE_STRETCH);
     REQUIRE(ncv);
     REQUIRE(NCERR_SUCCESS == ncerr);
     ncerr = ncvisual_decode(ncv);
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Multimedia") {
     nc_err_e ncerr = NCERR_SUCCESS;
     int dimy, dimx;
     ncplane_dim_yx(ncp_, &dimy, &dimx);
-    auto ncv = ncvisual_open_plane(nc_, find_data("notcursesI.avi"), &ncerr, 0, 0, NCSCALE_STRETCH);
+    auto ncv = ncvisual_from_file(nc_, find_data("notcursesI.avi"), &ncerr, 0, 0, NCSCALE_STRETCH);
     REQUIRE(ncv);
     CHECK(NCERR_SUCCESS == ncerr);
     ncerr = ncvisual_decode(ncv);