2020-07-05 17:39:48 +00:00
# Terminals and `TERM`
2020-07-08 05:13:58 +00:00
With the wrong environment settings, programs can't properly control
your terminal. It is critical that the `TERM` environment variable be
correct for your shell, and that the terminfo database entry keyed
by this variable be up-to-date. Furthermore, for 24-bit TrueColor, it
is necessary to either use a `-direct` variant of your terminfo
entry, or to declare `COLORTERM=24bit` . The latter instruct Notcurses
to use 24-bit escapes regardless of advertised support. If you define
this variable, and your terminal doesn't actually support these sequences,
you're going to have a bad time.
The following have been established on a Debian Unstable workstation.
| Terminal | Recommended environment | Notes |
2020-07-05 17:39:48 +00:00
| -------- | ------ | ----- |
2020-07-08 05:13:58 +00:00
| Linux console | `TERM=linux` | 8 (512 glyph fonts) or 16 (256 glyph fonts) colors max. |
2020-07-13 05:21:41 +00:00
| FBterm | `TERM=fbterm` | 256 colors, no RGB color. |
2020-07-08 05:13:58 +00:00
| kmscon | `TERM=xterm-256color` | No RGB color AFAICT, nor any distinct terminfo entry. |
| XTerm | `TERM=xterm-256color` `COLORTERM=24bit` | Must configure with `--enable-direct-color` . `TERM=xterm-direct` seems to have the undesirable effect of mapping low RGB values to a palette; I don't yet understand this well. The problem is not seen with the specified configuration. |
2020-07-13 05:21:41 +00:00
| XFCE4 Terminal | `TERM=xfce` `COLORTERM=24bit` | No `xfce-direct` variant exists. |
2020-07-08 05:13:58 +00:00
| Gnome Terminal | `TERM=gnome` `COLORTERM=24bit` | |
| Konsole | `TERM=konsole-direct` | |
| Alacritty | `TERM=alacritty` `COLORTERM=24bit` | |
| Kitty | `TERM=kitty-direct` | |
| Sakura | `TERM=vte-256color` `COLORTERM=24bit` | |
| st | `TERM=st-256color` `COLORTERM=24bit` | |
| GNU Screen | `TERM=screen-256colors` | Must be compiled with `--enable-256color` . |
2020-07-05 17:39:48 +00:00
| tmux | | |
2020-07-12 06:55:48 +00:00
## The Linux console
The Linux console supports concurrent virtual terminals, and is manipulated
by userspace via `ioctl()` s. These `ioctl()` s generally fail when applied to
a pseudotty device, as will happen if e.g. invoked upon one's controlling
terminal whilst running in a terminal emulator under X (it is still generally
possible to use them by explicitly specifying a console device, i.e.
`showconsolefont -C /dev/tty0` ).
The VGA text console requires the kernel option `CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE` . A
framebuffer console for VESA 2.0 is provided by `CONFIG_FB_VESA` , while
UEFI-compatible systems can use `CONFIG_FB_EFI` . So long as a framebuffer
driver is present, `CONFIG_FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE` will enable a graphics-mode
console using the framebuffer device.
The Linux console can be in either text or graphics mode. The mode can be
determined with the `KDGETMODE` `ioctl()` , and changed with `KDSETMODE` ,
using the constants `KD_TEXT` and `KD_GRAPHICS` . Text mode supports a
rectangular matrix of multipixel cells, filled with glyphs from a font,
a foreground color, and a background color. Graphics ("All-Points-Addressable")
mode supports a rectangular matrix of pixels, each with a single color.
Note that both modes require appropriate hardware support (and kernel
configuration options), and might or might not be available on a given
installation. Non-x86 platforms often provide only a framebuffer (graphics)
console.
The kernel text mode loosely corresponds to the 1987 IBM VGA definition. At any
time, the display is configured with a monospace raster font, a palette, and
(when in Unicode mode) a mapping from multibyte sequences to font elements. Up
to 16 colors can be used with a font of 256 glyphs or fewer. Only 8 colors can
be used with fonts having more than 256 glyphs; the maximum font size in any
configuration is 512 glyphs. The keyboard is further configured with a keymap,
mapping keyboard scancodes to elements of the character set. These properties
are per-virtual console, not common to all of them. These limitations are not
typically present on framebuffer consoles.
The following more-or-less standard tools exist:
* `showconsolefont` : show the console font
* `setfont` : load console font
* `fbset` : show and modify framebuffer settings
* `fgconsole` : print name of foreground terminal
* `chvt` : change the foreground terminal
* `deallocvt` : destroy a virtual console
* `dumpkeys` : print all keycodes
* `loadkeys` : load scancode/keycode mapping (the keymap)
* `setkeycodes` : load scancode/keycode mappings one at a time
* `showkeys` : interactively print scancodes
* `kbd_mode` : show or set the keyboard mode
Both `mapscrn` and `loadunimap` are obsolete; their functionality is present
in `setfont` .
