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<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" value="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no"> <meta http-equiv="content-type" value="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/etc/designs/platform/v2/images/favicon.ico"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/etc/designs/platform/v2/styles/main.ngsversion.25749225.css" media="all"> <link type="text/ng-style" id="mapmaker-style" data-src="/etc/designs/platform/v2/styles/mapbox_js/theme/style.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.ngeo.com/hoefler/2-0-0-pre/hco_fonts.css"> <title>Here’s Why Your Office May Be Too Hot or Cold: Gender Bias</title> <meta value="Here’s Why Your Office May Be Too Hot or Cold: Gender Bias" name="og:title"> <meta name="description" value="Do you argue about the temperature in your office or home? 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class="print-link" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/energy/2015/08/150803-gender-bias-affects-office-heating-cooling-temperatures" target="_blank">http://news.nationalgeographic.com/energy/2015/08/150803-gender-bias-affects-office-heating-cooling-temperatures.html</a> <hr> </div> <section itemprop="mainContentOfPage" role="main" class="main-section"> <article itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle" class="news__article"> <div class="container"> <div class="row clearfix row--mainArt"> <div class="mt_col-12"> <div class="parsys mainArt"><div class="section kicker"> </div> <div class="titleAndDek section"> <span data-platform-component="TitleAndDek" class="hidden dateline"></span> <div class="mt_row"> <div class="mt_col-12"> <h1 class="main-title md-title mt_col-12 mt_col-lg-9"><span itemprop="headline">Here’s Why Your Office May Be Too Hot or Cold: Gender Bias</span> </h1> <div class="upper-right-ad mt_col-12 mt_col-lg-3"> <div id="upper-right-ad" class="ad-holder" data-ad-component="single" data-ad-config-key="sponsorAd_upperRight"></div> </div> <div class="article__deck mt_col-12 mt_col-lg-9"> <h2>Do you argue about the temperature in your office or home? Find out what often decides it, and tell us your preference. </h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section byline"> <div id="guznmkg9" data-platform-component="Byline" data-platform-hide-bylines="false" data-platform-hide-publish-date="false" data-platform-publish-date-format="default"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <span class="bumper--bottom bumper--leaderboard-desktop bumper--add-margin"></span> <div class="row article__body--container"> <div class=" mt_col-12 mt_col-lg-1 icon-menu addthis_toolbox "> <div class="sticky-addthis_toolbox__wrap"> <div data-platform-component="CommentButton" data-platform-minimumamounttoshow="0" class="social-icons comment-button"></div> <div class="AddThis"> <div class="add-this__init" data-platform-id="clcx0xyq" data-platform-component="AddThis" data-platform-social-links="[{"socialLink":{"icon":"icongs-facebook","class":"addthis_button_facebook","analyticsEvent":"Facebook"}},{"socialLink":{"icon":"icongs-twitter","class":"addthis_button_twitter","analyticsEvent":"Twitter"}},{"socialLink":{"icon":"icongs-pinterest","class":"addthis_button_pinterest_share","analyticsEvent":"Pinterest"}},{"socialLink":{"icon":"icongs-googleplus","class":"addthis_button_google_plusone_share","analyticsEvent":"Googleplus"}},{"socialLink":{"icon":"icongs-linkedin","class":"addthis_button_linkedin","analyticsEvent":"Linkedin"}},{"socialLink":{"icon":"icongs-email","class":"addthis_button_email","analyticsEvent":"Email"}}]" data-platform-analytics-event-site="News" data-platform-max-visible="3" data-platform-configuration="vertical"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="article__body" class="paragraphs mt_col-12 mt_col-lg-7"> <span class="bumper--top bumper--top_addthis"></span> <div id="StickyBoxAd" class="ad-holder" data-ad-component="stickyBoxAd" data-ad-config-key="stickyLeadAd"></div> <span itemprop="articleBody"> <div class="parsys content"><div class="image parbase section"> <span class="bumper--bottom bumper--add-margin bumper--bottom_addthis"></span> <div class="fullsize-element "> <div class="media--medium__container"> <figure itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" class="image media-image media--medium left "> <div id="yjdeoq8e" data-pagewide-presentation-disabled="false"> <div class="placeholder-image-wrap" style="padding-bottom: 133.33333333333331%"> <div class="picturefill" data-platform-component="PictureFill" data-platform-alt="Picture of a thermal image of a man and woman" data-platform-imagecrop="null" data-platform-imagebox-size="medium" data-platform-src="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/content/dam/news/2015/08/03/temperaturegenderbias/02tempgenderbias.jpg" data-platform-itemprop="contentUrl"></div> </div> <span class="image-hover-control--hover-only enlarge-button"> <span>View Images</span> <span class="enlarge-button__icons"></span> </span> </div> <figcaption class="media__caption medium-caption"> <div class="media__caption--text"> <span itemprop="caption"><p>This photo, using a thermal camera, shows gender differences in body temperature. The difference is particularly evident in their hands; women's hands run colder on average.</p> <p> </p> </span> <small itemprop="author" class="media__caption--credit"> Photograph by Tyrone Turner, National Geographic Creative</small> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <span class="bumper--top bumper--top_addthis"></span> </div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p>Many couples fight about it at home. No, it’s not money, sex, or parenting but the lowly thermostat. Heated arguments often ensue about how warm or cool to keep a room. New research suggests why women may lose out—at least at the office.</p></div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p>Gender bias may affect the heating and cooling in office buildings, and it’s no Mars vs. Venus misunderstanding. Temperatures are often based on a decades-old standard that considers the metabolic rate of men, according to a <a href="http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate2741.html"><u>study Monday in </u><i><u>Nature Climate Change</u></i></a><i>.</i></p></div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p>This bias isn’t just about equity or comfort. It has real-world climate implications, because it could waste a lot of energy that emits heat-trapping greenhouse gases. After all, buildings account for nearly a third of carbon emissions, and their energy use is largely determined by occupant behavior.</p></div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p>“It (bias) has huge consequences. You’re totally misrepresenting women,” says study co-author Boris Kingma, a biophysicist at <a href="http://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/"><u>Maastricht University</u></a> Medical Center in the Netherlands. He says women generally have a lower metabolic rate than men because of their body composition so they prefer warmer rooms and need less air conditioning.</p></div> <div class="pullQuote parbase section text"> <div class="pull-quote pull-quote--large"> <blockquote class="double">I totally agree with my wife. That’s one solution.</blockquote> <div class="pull-quote__author"> <span class="author">Boris Kingma</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p>Yet most office buildings set temperatures based on a formula, developed in the 1960s, that looks at several factors including the resting metabolic rate of a 154-pound (70-kilogram) 40-year-old man. Kingma says this model may overestimate a woman’s metabolic rate by up to 35 percent.</p></div> <div class="promo section relatedContentList"> <div class="bumper--bottom_addthis"></div> <div class="related-content-list"> <h6 class="related-content-list__title"> <p>Recent Energy Content</p> </h6> <div class="related-content-list__body"> <span itemprop="relatedLink"> <a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/12/watch-video-texas-indigo-snake-play-dead-animals" target="_self" itemprop="url" class="header-img-link"> <div class="related-content-list__image-wrapper"> <img alt="" src="http://pmdvod.nationalgeographic.com/NG_Video/40/731/161312-indigo-snake-feign-death-vin_640x360_832865347808.jpg"> <img class="thumbnail-play-button" src="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/etc/designs/platform/v2/images/misc/icongs-play-black.ngsversion.25749225.svg"> </div> </a> </span> <ul> <li> <span itemprop="relatedLink"><a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/12/watch-video-texas-indigo-snake-play-dead-animals" target="_self" itemprop="url">Watch the Bizarre Moment a Snake Plays Dead </a></span> </li> <li> <span itemprop="relatedLink"><a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/12/chanda-schroff-explorer-moments-reviving-hand-embroidery-sustainable-income-women" target="_self" itemprop="url">Turning an Ancient Form of Art Into New Income </a></span> </li> <li> <span itemprop="relatedLink"><a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/12/oldest-human-footprints-australopithecus-lucy-tanzania-science" target="_self" itemprop="url">Newfound Footprints Stir Debate Over Our Ancestors’ Sex Lives </a></span> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="bumper--top_addthis bumper--add-margin"></div> </div> </div> <div class="rightRailSlot section"> <div class="right-rail-slot bumper--bottom bumper--add-margin" style="margin-top:px"> <div class="rightRailContent parsys"> </div> <span class="bumper--top bumper--add-margin"></span> </div></div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p>To boost energy efficiency, he came up with another approach, based on his sealed-chamber testing of 16 young female office workers. He proposes a biophysical model that considers not only metabolic rate but also tissue insulation, which can vary by age, gender, and body type.</p></div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p>“These findings could be significant" for revising standards, Joost van Hoof of the Netherlands’ Fontys University of Applied Sciences writes in an accompanying article. He says the energy savings of optimally calibrating a building’s temperatures will increase as global warming prompts more indoor cooling.</p></div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p>Yet he says Kingma's sample size is small so a large-scale study may be needed to persuade real-estate developers and building engineers to change their practices and come up with better solutions.</p></div> <div class="image parbase section"> <figure itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" class="image media-image media--small left "> <div id="yz5fiwg4" data-pagewide-presentation-disabled="false"> <div class="placeholder-image-wrap" style="padding-bottom: 100.0%"> <div class="picturefill" data-platform-component="PictureFill" data-platform-alt="Picture of man wiping sweat with handkerchief" data-platform-imagecrop="null" data-platform-imagebox-size="small" data-platform-src="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/content/dam/news/2015/08/03/temperaturegenderbias/01tempgenderbias.jpg" data-platform-itemprop="contentUrl"></div> </div> <span class="image-hover-control--hover-only enlarge-button"> <span>View Images</span> <span class="enlarge-button__icons"></span> </span> </div> <figcaption class="media__caption "> <div class="media__caption--text"> <span itemprop="caption"><p>Men generally prefer a lower temperature than women and, as this photo of a 1930s office worker shows, will sweat if it’s too high.</p> <p> </p> </span> <small itemprop="author" class="media__caption--credit"> Photograph by H. Armstrong Roberts, ClassicStock/Corbis</small> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p>“There is something we can do,” Kingma says. In smart homes, he expects future devices such as watches could accurately measure an occupant’s metabolic rate and thermostats could automatically adjust indoor temperatures.</p></div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p>But what about an office building with hundreds of workers? Enter the ventilated chair. Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, have developed a battery-operated mesh chair that contains three fans and two heating elements. Occupants can adjust the chair’s temperature, creating the ultimate in micro-climatization.</p></div> <div class="Interactive section"> <div class="media--small left " style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"> <noscript><a href="http://polldaddy.com/poll/9005601/">Is there a gender divide over the thermostat in your home?</a></noscript> <figcaption class="media__caption "> <div class="media__caption--text"> </div> </figcaption> </div> </div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p>“It’s even better than having a thermostat at every workstation, if that were possible,” <a href="http://news.berkeley.edu/2013/08/27/office-too-hot-or-cold-researchers-aim-for-comfort-energy-efficiency/"><u>Edward Arens, the project’s co-principal investigator, said in announcing</u></a> the “personal comfort system.” In January, his team <a href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tq3z4cw#page-18"><u>published a study on the chair</u></a>, which has energy-saving sensors that turn off the built-in heating and cooling when it’s not occupied.</p></div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p>Such smart chairs and smart homes, though, won’t happen overnight. In the meantime, couples will probably keep squabbling over temperature.</p></div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p>“I totally agree with my wife. That’s one solution,” Kingma says with a laugh. In truth, when he gets home, he notices she’s often turned up the temperature. He adds: “I turn it down again.”</p></div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p><i>The story is part of a</i><a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy"><i><u> special series</u></i></a><i> that explores energy issues. For more, visit</i><a href="http://www.greatenergychallenge.com/"><i><u> The Great Energy Challenge</u></i></a><i>.]</i></p></div> <div class="parbase smartbody section text"> <p><i>On Twitter: Follow </i><a href="https://twitter.com/wendykoch"><i><u>Wendy Koch</u></i></a><i> and get more environment and energy coverage at </i><a href="https://twitter.com/NatGeoGreen"><i><u>NatGeoEnergy</u></i></a><i>.</i></p></div> </div> <div class="contributorDetails contributors"> <div data-platform-component="ContributorCards" data-platform-endpoint="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/energy/2015/08/150803-gender-bias-affects-office-heating-cooling-temperatures.contributordetails.json"></div> </div> </span> <div data-platform-component="CommentsCallToActionButton" data-platform-label="Comment" data-platform-iconclass="icongs-comment" class="comments-call-to-action-button"> </div> <section class="inline-gallery__container"> <div class="parsys related-content"><div class="related inline section"> <span class="bumper--add-margin bumper--bottom_addthis"></span> <div class="gallery--init" data-platform-component="InlineGallery" data-platform-id="361631e5-54b4-480d-885a-49dd2c38a3d4/related-content/gallery" data-platform-background-color="#061423" data-platform-hide-for-mobile="false" data-platform-show-titles="true" data-platform-show-abstracts="true" data-platform-show-credits="true" data-platform-show-asset-sources="true" data-platform-show-commerce-links="false" data-platform-size="small" data-platform-endpoint="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/energy/2015/08/150803-gender-bias-affects-office-heating-cooling-temperatures/_jcr_content/related-content/gallery.gallery.0590f982-34c0-4b0d-aec6-623255f4d31d.json" data-platform-random-sort="true" data-pagewide-presentation-disabled="false" data-platform-preview-aspect-ratio="three-two" data-platform-title="{"inPageLink":false,"linkText":"<p>L.A. 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