ch3: minor improvements to chapter "Thoughts about Trust"

- principal --> Major
- I would not call cost a risk. The opening fee IMHO is not a risk, it is simply a cost.
- commas
- in reference to time "immediately" better than "directly"
- added another example, to explain when not to create a channel
pull/210/head^2
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@ -440,15 +440,14 @@ The `Payment Hash` is rather included in the Lightning Message that also transpo
* sending back errors
=== Missing bits
From a computer science perspective the Lightning Network protocol is mainly a peer-to-peer protocol between its participants.
From a computer science perspective the Lightning Network protocol is mainly a peer to peer protocol between its participants.
All communication between participants is sent via so called Lightning Messages.
Most importantly communication is needed to open and close payment channels, to send and receive onions, to set up and settle or fail HTLCs and for exchanging gossip information.
All Lightning messages are sent encrypted after a connection between two peers has been established.
Establishing the peer connection starts out with a cryptographic handshake following the Noise Protocol Framework.
The Lightning messages are sent in an encrypted way after a peer connection has been established.
Establishing the peer connection follows a cryptographic handshake following the Noise Protocol Framework.
The Noise Protocol Framework is a collection of templates for cryptographic handshakes and is also used by WhatsApp and Wireguard.
Using the Noise Protocol Framework makes sure that every message that is sent via Lightning is encrypted and authenticated.
This assures privacy.
On the other hand, this makes development more difficult as one cannot easily monitor one's own traffic on a tool like Wireshark for debugging. footnote:[Luckily tools exist to make developers' lives easier: https://github.com/nayutaco/lightning-dissector]
This makes development a little bit tricky as one cannot easily monitor one's own traffic on a tool like wireshark for debugging. footnote:[Luckily tools exist to make developer's lives easier: https://github.com/nayutaco/lightning-dissector]
=== some thoughts that were supposed to be at other places but didn't make it to the text yet
* network of payment channels
@ -458,12 +457,16 @@ On the other hand, this makes development more difficult as one cannot easily mo
** locally setting up and settling HTLCs (only peers involved)
=== Thoughts about Trust
As long as a person follows the protocol and has their node secured, there is no principle risk of losing funds when participating in the Lightning Network.
However there is the risk of paying fees when opening a channel.
Any risk should come with a potential reward.
In our case the reward is that she can send and receive payments of bitcoin on the Lightning Network at any time and that she can earn bitcoin by forwarding other payments.
Alice decides that the reward is enough for her to take on the fee risk.
Since Bob can directly close the channel, which costs fees paid by Alice, she will need to have a little trust in Bob.
As long as a person follows the protocol and has their node secured, there is no major risk of losing funds when participating in the Lightning Network.
However, there is the cost of paying on-chain fees when opening a channel.
Any cost should come with a corresponding benefit.
In our case the reward for Alice for bearing the cost of opening a chennel is that Alice can send and receive payments of bitcoin on the Lightning Network at any time and that she can earn fees in bitcoin by forwarding payments for other people.
Alice knows that in theory Bob can close the channel immediately after opening resulting in on-chain closing fees for Alice.
Alice will need to have a small amount of trust in Bob.
Alice has been to Bob's Cafe and clearly Bob is interested in selling her coffee, so Alice can trust Bob in this sense.
There are mutual benefits to both Alice and Bob.
Alice decides that the reward is enough for her to take on the cost of the on-chain fee for creating a channel to Bob.
In contrast, Alice will not open a channel to someone unknown in a foreign country who just sent her an uninvitedly email asking her to open a channel to him.
=== Comparison with Bitcoin

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