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113 lines
3.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
113 lines
3.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _Cookbook:
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Cookbook
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========
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This chapter contains recipes for common tasks that can be done in **lnav**.
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These recipes can be used as a starting point for your own needs after some
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adaptation.
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Log Formats
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-----------
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TBD
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Defining a New Format
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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TBD
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Annotating Logs
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---------------
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Log messages can be annotated in a couple of different ways in **lnav** to help
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you get organized.
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Create partitions for Linux boots
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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When digging through logs that can be broken up into multiple sections,
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**lnav**'s :ref:`partitioning feature<taking_notes>` can be used to keep track
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of which section you are in. For example, if a collection of Linux logs
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covered multiple boots, the following script could be used to create partitions
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for each boot. After the partition name is set for the log messages, the
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current name will show up in the top status bar next to the current time.
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.. literalinclude:: ../../src/scripts/partition-by-boot.lnav
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:language: custsqlite
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:caption: partition-by-boot.lnav
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:linenos:
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Tagging SSH log messages
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Log messages can be tagged interactively with the :ref:`:tag<tag>` command or
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programmatically using the :ref:`sql-ext`. This example uses a script to
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search for interesting SSH messages and automatically adds an appropriate tag.
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.. literalinclude:: ../../example-scripts/tag-ssh-msgs.lnav
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:language: custsqlite
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:caption: tag-ssh-msgs.lnav
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:linenos:
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Log Analysis
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------------
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Most log analysis within **lnav** is done through the :ref:`sql-ext`. The
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following examples should give you some ideas to start leveraging this
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functionality. One thing to keep in mind is that if a query gets to be too
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large or multiple statements need to be executed, you can create a
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:code:`.lnav` script that contains the statements and execute it using the
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:kbd:`\|` command prompt.
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Count client IPs in web access logs
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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To count the occurrences of an IP in web access logs and order the results
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from highest to lowest:
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.. code-block:: custsqlite
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;SELECT c_ip, count(*) as hits FROM access_log GROUP BY c_ip ORDER BY hits DESC
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Show only lines where a numeric field is in a range
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The :ref:`:filter-expr<filter_expr>` command can be used to filter web access
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logs to only show lines where the number of bytes transferred to the client is
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between 10,000 and 40,000 bytes like so:
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.. code-block:: custsqlite
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:filter-expr :sc_bytes BETWEEN 10000 AND 40000
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Generating a Report
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Reports can be generated by writing an **lnav** :ref:`script<scripts>` that
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uses SQL queries and commands to format a document. A basic script can simply
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execute a SQL query that is shown in the DB view. More sophisticated scripts
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can use the following commands to generate customized output for a report:
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* The :ref:`:echo<echo>` command to write plain text
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* :ref:`SQL queries<sql-ext>` followed by a "write" command, like
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:ref:`:write-table-to<write_table_to>`.
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.. literalinclude:: ../../example-scripts/report-demo.lnav
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:language: custsqlite
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:caption: report-demo.lnav
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:linenos:
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Creating a Runbook
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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If you have a collection of lnav scripts, you can create a markdown file
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that links to the scripts and use it as a runbook. Clicking on a link to
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a :file:`.lnav` file will open an "Actions" menu with an "Execute" menu
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item. Clicking on "Execute" will launch the script.
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