learn-wgpu/code/showcase/windowless/src/main.rs

async fn run() {
    let adapter = wgpu::Adapter::request(
        &wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
            power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::Default,
            compatible_surface: None,
        },
        wgpu::BackendBit::PRIMARY,
    )
    .await
    .unwrap();
    let (device, queue) = adapter.request_device(&Default::default()).await;

    let texture_size = 256u32;
    let texture_desc = wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
        size: wgpu::Extent3d {
            width: texture_size,
            height: texture_size,
            depth: 1,
        },
        array_layer_count: 1,
        mip_level_count: 1,
        sample_count: 1,
        dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
        format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb,
        usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::COPY_SRC | wgpu::TextureUsage::OUTPUT_ATTACHMENT,
        label: None,
    };
    let texture = device.create_texture(&texture_desc);
    let texture_view = texture.create_default_view();

    // we need to store this for later
    let u32_size = std::mem::size_of::<u32>() as u32;

    let output_buffer_size = (u32_size * texture_size * texture_size) as wgpu::BufferAddress;
    let output_buffer_desc = wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
        size: output_buffer_size,
        usage: wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_DST
            // this tells wpgu that we want to read this buffer from the cpu
            | wgpu::BufferUsage::MAP_READ,
        label: None,
    };
    let output_buffer = device.create_buffer(&output_buffer_desc);

    let vs_src = include_str!("shader.vert");
    let fs_src = include_str!("shader.frag");
    let mut compiler = shaderc::Compiler::new().unwrap();
    let vs_spirv = compiler
        .compile_into_spirv(
            vs_src,
            shaderc::ShaderKind::Vertex,
            "shader.vert",
            "main",
            None,
        )
        .unwrap();
    let fs_spirv = compiler
        .compile_into_spirv(
            fs_src,
            shaderc::ShaderKind::Fragment,
            "shader.frag",
            "main",
            None,
        )
        .unwrap();
    let vs_data = wgpu::read_spirv(std::io::Cursor::new(vs_spirv.as_binary_u8())).unwrap();
    let fs_data = wgpu::read_spirv(std::io::Cursor::new(fs_spirv.as_binary_u8())).unwrap();
    let vs_module = device.create_shader_module(&vs_data);
    let fs_module = device.create_shader_module(&fs_data);

    let render_pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
        bind_group_layouts: &[],
    });

    let render_pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
        layout: &render_pipeline_layout,
        vertex_stage: wgpu::ProgrammableStageDescriptor {
            module: &vs_module,
            entry_point: "main",
        },
        fragment_stage: Some(wgpu::ProgrammableStageDescriptor {
            module: &fs_module,
            entry_point: "main",
        }),
        rasterization_state: Some(wgpu::RasterizationStateDescriptor {
            front_face: wgpu::FrontFace::Ccw,
            cull_mode: wgpu::CullMode::Back,
            depth_bias: 0,
            depth_bias_slope_scale: 0.0,
            depth_bias_clamp: 0.0,
        }),
        primitive_topology: wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleList,
        color_states: &[wgpu::ColorStateDescriptor {
            format: texture_desc.format,
            color_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
            alpha_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
            write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrite::ALL,
        }],
        depth_stencil_state: None,
        vertex_state: wgpu::VertexStateDescriptor {
            index_format: wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint16,
            vertex_buffers: &[],
        },
        sample_count: 1,
        sample_mask: !0,
        alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
    });

    let mut encoder =
        device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor { label: None });

    {
        let render_pass_desc = wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
            color_attachments: &[wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachmentDescriptor {
                attachment: &texture_view,
                resolve_target: None,
                load_op: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear,
                store_op: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
                clear_color: wgpu::Color {
                    r: 0.1,
                    g: 0.2,
                    b: 0.3,
                    a: 1.0,
                },
            }],
            depth_stencil_attachment: None,
        };
        let mut render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&render_pass_desc);

        render_pass.set_pipeline(&render_pipeline);
        render_pass.draw(0..3, 0..1);
    }

    encoder.copy_texture_to_buffer(
        wgpu::TextureCopyView {
            texture: &texture,
            mip_level: 0,
            array_layer: 0,
            origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
        },
        wgpu::BufferCopyView {
            buffer: &output_buffer,
            offset: 0,
            bytes_per_row: u32_size * texture_size,
            rows_per_image: texture_size,
        },
        texture_desc.size,
    );

    queue.submit(&[encoder.finish()]);

    // NOTE: We have to create the mapping THEN device.poll(). If we don't
    // the application will freeze.
    let mapping = output_buffer.map_read(0, output_buffer_size);
    device.poll(wgpu::Maintain::Wait);

    let result = mapping.await.unwrap();
    let data = result.as_slice();

    use image::{ImageBuffer, Rgba};
    let buffer = ImageBuffer::<Rgba<u8>, _>::from_raw(texture_size, texture_size, data).unwrap();

    buffer.save("image.png").unwrap();
}

fn main() {
    use futures::executor::block_on;
    block_on(run());
}