learn-wgpu/code/intermediate/tutorial13-threading/src/main.rs

use cgmath::prelude::*;
use rayon::prelude::*;
use std::iter;
use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
use winit::{
    dpi::PhysicalPosition,
    event::*,
    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
    window::Window,
};

mod camera;
mod model;
mod texture; // NEW!

use model::{DrawLight, DrawModel, Vertex};

const NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW: u32 = 10;

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
struct Uniforms {
    view_position: cgmath::Vector4<f32>,
    view_proj: cgmath::Matrix4<f32>,
}

impl Uniforms {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            view_position: Zero::zero(),
            view_proj: cgmath::Matrix4::identity(),
        }
    }

    // UPDATED!
    fn update_view_proj(&mut self, camera: &camera::Camera, projection: &camera::Projection) {
        self.view_position = camera.position.to_homogeneous();
        self.view_proj = projection.calc_matrix() * camera.calc_matrix()
    }
}

unsafe impl bytemuck::Zeroable for Uniforms {}
unsafe impl bytemuck::Pod for Uniforms {}

struct Instance {
    position: cgmath::Vector3<f32>,
    rotation: cgmath::Quaternion<f32>,
}

impl Instance {
    fn to_raw(&self) -> InstanceRaw {
        InstanceRaw {
            model: cgmath::Matrix4::from_translation(self.position)
                * cgmath::Matrix4::from(self.rotation),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
struct InstanceRaw {
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    model: cgmath::Matrix4<f32>,
}

unsafe impl bytemuck::Pod for InstanceRaw {}
unsafe impl bytemuck::Zeroable for InstanceRaw {}

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
struct Light {
    position: cgmath::Vector3<f32>,
    // Due to uniforms requiring 16 byte (4 float) spacing, we need to use a padding field here
    _padding: u32,
    color: cgmath::Vector3<f32>,
}

unsafe impl bytemuck::Zeroable for Light {}
unsafe impl bytemuck::Pod for Light {}

struct State {
    surface: wgpu::Surface,
    device: wgpu::Device,
    queue: wgpu::Queue,
    sc_desc: wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor,
    swap_chain: wgpu::SwapChain,
    render_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
    obj_model: model::Model,
    camera: camera::Camera,
    projection: camera::Projection,
    camera_controller: camera::CameraController,
    uniforms: Uniforms,
    uniform_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
    uniform_bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
    instances: Vec<Instance>,
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    instance_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
    depth_texture: texture::Texture,
    size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>,
    light: Light,
    light_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
    light_bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
    light_render_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    debug_material: model::Material,
    last_mouse_pos: PhysicalPosition<f64>,
    mouse_pressed: bool,
}

fn create_render_pipeline(
    device: &wgpu::Device,
    layout: &wgpu::PipelineLayout,
    color_format: wgpu::TextureFormat,
    depth_format: Option<wgpu::TextureFormat>,
    vertex_descs: &[wgpu::VertexBufferDescriptor],
    vs_src: wgpu::ShaderModuleSource,
    fs_src: wgpu::ShaderModuleSource,
) -> wgpu::RenderPipeline {
    let vs_module = device.create_shader_module(vs_src);
    let fs_module = device.create_shader_module(fs_src);

    device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
        label: Some("Render Pipeline"),
        layout: Some(&layout),
        vertex_stage: wgpu::ProgrammableStageDescriptor {
            module: &vs_module,
            entry_point: "main",
        },
        fragment_stage: Some(wgpu::ProgrammableStageDescriptor {
            module: &fs_module,
            entry_point: "main",
        }),
        rasterization_state: Some(wgpu::RasterizationStateDescriptor {
            front_face: wgpu::FrontFace::Ccw,
            cull_mode: wgpu::CullMode::Back,
            depth_bias: 0,
            depth_bias_slope_scale: 0.0,
            depth_bias_clamp: 0.0,
            clamp_depth: false,
        }),
        primitive_topology: wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleList,
        color_states: &[wgpu::ColorStateDescriptor {
            format: color_format,
            color_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
            alpha_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
            write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrite::ALL,
        }],
        depth_stencil_state: depth_format.map(|format| wgpu::DepthStencilStateDescriptor {
            format,
            depth_write_enabled: true,
            depth_compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Less,
            stencil: wgpu::StencilStateDescriptor::default(),
        }),
        sample_count: 1,
        sample_mask: !0,
        alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
        vertex_state: wgpu::VertexStateDescriptor {
            index_format: wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32,
            vertex_buffers: vertex_descs,
        },
    })
}

impl State {
    async fn new(window: &Window) -> Self {
        let size = window.inner_size();

        // The instance is a handle to our GPU
        // BackendBit::PRIMARY => Vulkan + Metal + DX12 + Browser WebGPU
        let instance = wgpu::Instance::new(wgpu::BackendBit::PRIMARY);
        let surface = unsafe { instance.create_surface(window) };
        let adapter = instance
            .request_adapter(&wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
                power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::Default,
                compatible_surface: Some(&surface),
            })
            .await
            .unwrap();
        let (device, queue) = adapter
            .request_device(
                &wgpu::DeviceDescriptor {
                    features: wgpu::Features::empty(),
                    limits: wgpu::Limits::default(),
                    shader_validation: true,
                },
                None, // Trace path
            )
            .await
            .unwrap();

        let sc_desc = wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor {
            usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::OUTPUT_ATTACHMENT,
            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb,
            width: size.width,
            height: size.height,
            present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::Fifo,
        };

        let swap_chain = device.create_swap_chain(&surface, &sc_desc);

        let texture_bind_group_layout =
            device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
                entries: &[
                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                        binding: 0,
                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::SampledTexture {
                            multisampled: false,
                            component_type: wgpu::TextureComponentType::Float,
                            dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
                        },
                        count: None,
                    },
                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                        binding: 1,
                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler { comparison: false },
                        count: None,
                    },
                    // normal map
                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                        binding: 2,
                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::SampledTexture {
                            multisampled: false,
                            component_type: wgpu::TextureComponentType::Float,
                            dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
                        },
                        count: None,
                    },
                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                        binding: 3,
                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler { comparison: false },
                        count: None,
                    },
                ],
                label: Some("texture_bind_group_layout"),
            });

        // UPDATED!
        let camera = camera::Camera::new((0.0, 5.0, 10.0), cgmath::Deg(-90.0), cgmath::Deg(-20.0));
        let projection =
            camera::Projection::new(sc_desc.width, sc_desc.height, cgmath::Deg(45.0), 0.1, 100.0);
        let camera_controller = camera::CameraController::new(4.0, 0.4);

        let mut uniforms = Uniforms::new();
        uniforms.update_view_proj(&camera, &projection);

        let uniform_buffer = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
            label: Some("Uniform Buffer"),
            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&[uniforms]),
            usage: wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_DST,
        });

        const SPACE_BETWEEN: f32 = 3.0;
        let instances = (0..NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW)
            .into_par_iter() // NEW!
            .flat_map(|z| {
                // UPDATED!
                (0..NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW).into_par_iter().map(move |x| {
                    let x = SPACE_BETWEEN * (x as f32 - NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW as f32 / 2.0);
                    let z = SPACE_BETWEEN * (z as f32 - NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW as f32 / 2.0);

                    let position = cgmath::Vector3 { x, y: 0.0, z };

                    let rotation = if position.is_zero() {
                        cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle(
                            cgmath::Vector3::unit_z(),
                            cgmath::Deg(0.0),
                        )
                    } else {
                        cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle(
                            position.clone().normalize(),
                            cgmath::Deg(45.0),
                        )
                    };

                    Instance { position, rotation }
                })
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        let instance_data = instances.iter().map(Instance::to_raw).collect::<Vec<_>>();
        let instance_buffer = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
            label: Some("Instance Buffer"),
            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&instance_data),
            usage: wgpu::BufferUsage::STORAGE,
        });

        let uniform_bind_group_layout =
            device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
                entries: &[
                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                        binding: 0,
                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX | wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::UniformBuffer {
                            dynamic: false,
                            min_binding_size: None,
                        },
                        count: None,
                    },
                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                        binding: 1,
                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX,
                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::StorageBuffer {
                            dynamic: false,
                            readonly: true,
                            min_binding_size: None,
                        },
                        count: None,
                    },
                ],
                label: Some("uniform_bind_group_layout"),
            });

        let uniform_bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
            layout: &uniform_bind_group_layout,
            entries: &[
                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
                    binding: 0,
                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(uniform_buffer.slice(..)),
                },
                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
                    binding: 1,
                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(instance_buffer.slice(..)),
                },
            ],
            label: Some("uniform_bind_group"),
        });

        let res_dir = std::path::Path::new(env!("OUT_DIR")).join("res");
        let obj_model = model::Model::load(
            &device,
            &queue,
            &texture_bind_group_layout,
            res_dir.join("cube.obj"),
        )
        .unwrap();

        let light = Light {
            position: (2.0, 2.0, 2.0).into(),
            _padding: 0,
            color: (1.0, 1.0, 1.0).into(),
        };

        let light_buffer = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
            label: Some("Light VB"),
            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&[light]),
            usage: wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_DST,
        });

        let light_bind_group_layout =
            device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
                entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                    binding: 0,
                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX | wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::UniformBuffer {
                        dynamic: false,
                        min_binding_size: None,
                    },
                    count: None,
                }],
                label: None,
            });

        let light_bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
            layout: &light_bind_group_layout,
            entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
                binding: 0,
                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(light_buffer.slice(..)),
            }],
            label: None,
        });

        let depth_texture =
            texture::Texture::create_depth_texture(&device, &sc_desc, "depth_texture");

        let render_pipeline_layout =
            device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
                label: Some("Render Pipeline Layout"),
                bind_group_layouts: &[
                    &texture_bind_group_layout,
                    &uniform_bind_group_layout,
                    &light_bind_group_layout,
                ],
                push_constant_ranges: &[],
            });

        let render_pipeline = create_render_pipeline(
            &device,
            &render_pipeline_layout,
            sc_desc.format,
            Some(texture::Texture::DEPTH_FORMAT),
            &[model::ModelVertex::desc()],
            wgpu::include_spirv!("shader.vert.spv"),
            wgpu::include_spirv!("shader.frag.spv"),
        );

        let light_render_pipeline = {
            let layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
                label: Some("Light Pipeline Layout"),
                bind_group_layouts: &[&uniform_bind_group_layout, &light_bind_group_layout],
                push_constant_ranges: &[],
            });

            create_render_pipeline(
                &device,
                &layout,
                sc_desc.format,
                Some(texture::Texture::DEPTH_FORMAT),
                &[model::ModelVertex::desc()],
                wgpu::include_spirv!("light.vert.spv"),
                wgpu::include_spirv!("light.frag.spv"),
            )
        };

        let debug_material = {
            let diffuse_bytes = include_bytes!("../res/cobble-diffuse.png");
            let normal_bytes = include_bytes!("../res/cobble-normal.png");

            let diffuse_texture = texture::Texture::from_bytes(
                &device,
                &queue,
                diffuse_bytes,
                "res/alt-diffuse.png",
                false,
            )
            .unwrap();
            let normal_texture = texture::Texture::from_bytes(
                &device,
                &queue,
                normal_bytes,
                "res/alt-normal.png",
                true,
            )
            .unwrap();

            model::Material::new(
                &device,
                "alt-material",
                diffuse_texture,
                normal_texture,
                &texture_bind_group_layout,
            )
        };

        Self {
            surface,
            device,
            queue,
            sc_desc,
            swap_chain,
            render_pipeline,
            obj_model,
            camera,
            projection,
            camera_controller,
            uniform_buffer,
            uniform_bind_group,
            uniforms,
            instances,
            instance_buffer,
            depth_texture,
            size,
            light,
            light_buffer,
            light_bind_group,
            light_render_pipeline,
            #[allow(dead_code)]
            debug_material,
            last_mouse_pos: (0.0, 0.0).into(),
            mouse_pressed: false,
        }
    }

    fn resize(&mut self, new_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>) {
        self.projection.resize(new_size.width, new_size.height);
        self.size = new_size;
        self.sc_desc.width = new_size.width;
        self.sc_desc.height = new_size.height;
        self.swap_chain = self.device.create_swap_chain(&self.surface, &self.sc_desc);
        self.depth_texture =
            texture::Texture::create_depth_texture(&self.device, &self.sc_desc, "depth_texture");
    }

    fn input(&mut self, event: &WindowEvent) -> bool {
        match event {
            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                input:
                    KeyboardInput {
                        virtual_keycode: Some(key),
                        state,
                        ..
                    },
                ..
            } => self.camera_controller.process_keyboard(*key, *state),
            WindowEvent::MouseWheel { delta, .. } => {
                self.camera_controller.process_scroll(delta);
                true
            }
            WindowEvent::MouseInput {
                button: MouseButton::Left,
                state,
                ..
            } => {
                self.mouse_pressed = *state == ElementState::Pressed;
                true
            }
            WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. } => {
                let mouse_dx = position.x - self.last_mouse_pos.x;
                let mouse_dy = position.y - self.last_mouse_pos.y;
                self.last_mouse_pos = *position;
                if self.mouse_pressed {
                    self.camera_controller.process_mouse(mouse_dx, mouse_dy);
                }
                true
            }
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    fn update(&mut self, dt: std::time::Duration) {
        self.camera_controller.update_camera(&mut self.camera, dt);
        self.uniforms
            .update_view_proj(&self.camera, &self.projection);
        self.queue.write_buffer(
            &self.uniform_buffer,
            0,
            bytemuck::cast_slice(&[self.uniforms]),
        );

        // Update the light
        let old_position = self.light.position;
        self.light.position =
            cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle((0.0, 1.0, 0.0).into(), cgmath::Deg(1.0))
                * old_position;
        self.queue
            .write_buffer(&self.light_buffer, 0, bytemuck::cast_slice(&[self.light]));
    }

    fn render(&mut self) {
        let frame = self
            .swap_chain
            .get_current_frame()
            .expect("Timeout getting texture")
            .output;

        let mut encoder = self
            .device
            .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
                label: Some("Render Encoder"),
            });

        {
            let mut render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
                color_attachments: &[wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachmentDescriptor {
                    attachment: &frame.view,
                    resolve_target: None,
                    ops: wgpu::Operations {
                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color {
                            r: 0.1,
                            g: 0.2,
                            b: 0.3,
                            a: 1.0,
                        }),
                        store: true,
                    },
                }],
                depth_stencil_attachment: Some(wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachmentDescriptor {
                    attachment: &self.depth_texture.view,
                    depth_ops: Some(wgpu::Operations {
                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(1.0),
                        store: true,
                    }),
                    stencil_ops: None,
                }),
            });

            render_pass.set_pipeline(&self.light_render_pipeline);
            render_pass.draw_light_model(
                &self.obj_model,
                &self.uniform_bind_group,
                &self.light_bind_group,
            );

            render_pass.set_pipeline(&self.render_pipeline);
            render_pass.draw_model_instanced(
                &self.obj_model,
                0..self.instances.len() as u32,
                &self.uniform_bind_group,
                &self.light_bind_group,
            );
        }
        self.queue.submit(iter::once(encoder.finish()));
    }
}

fn main() {
    env_logger::init();
    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
    let title = env!("CARGO_PKG_NAME");
    let window = winit::window::WindowBuilder::new()
        .with_title(title)
        .build(&event_loop)
        .unwrap();
    use futures::executor::block_on;
    let mut state = block_on(State::new(&window)); // NEW!
    let mut last_render_time = std::time::Instant::now();
    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Poll;
        match event {
            Event::MainEventsCleared => window.request_redraw(),
            Event::WindowEvent {
                ref event,
                window_id,
            } if window_id == window.id() => {
                if !state.input(event) {
                    match event {
                        WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
                        WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. } => match input {
                            KeyboardInput {
                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
                                virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Escape),
                                ..
                            } => {
                                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
                            }
                            _ => {}
                        },
                        WindowEvent::Resized(physical_size) => {
                            state.resize(*physical_size);
                        }
                        WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged { new_inner_size, .. } => {
                            state.resize(**new_inner_size);
                        }
                        _ => {}
                    }
                }
            }
            Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
                let now = std::time::Instant::now();
                let dt = now - last_render_time;
                last_render_time = now;
                state.update(dt);
                state.render();
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    });
}