use std::iter; use winit::{ event::*, event_loop::EventLoop, keyboard::{KeyCode, PhysicalKey}, window::{Window, WindowBuilder}, }; struct State<'a> { #[allow(dead_code)] instance: wgpu::Instance, #[allow(dead_code)] adapter: wgpu::Adapter, surface: wgpu::Surface<'a>, device: wgpu::Device, queue: wgpu::Queue, config: wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration, size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize, clear_color: wgpu::Color, window: &'a Window, } impl<'a> State<'a> { async fn new(window: &'a Window) -> State<'a> { let size = window.inner_size(); // The instance is a handle to our GPU // BackendBit::PRIMARY => Vulkan + Metal + DX12 + Browser WebGPU let instance = wgpu::Instance::new(wgpu::InstanceDescriptor { backends: wgpu::Backends::PRIMARY, ..Default::default() }); // # Safety // // The surface needs to live as long as the window that created it. // State owns the window so this should be safe. let surface = instance.create_surface(window).unwrap(); let adapter = instance .request_adapter(&wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions { power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::default(), compatible_surface: Some(&surface), force_fallback_adapter: false, }) .await .unwrap(); let (device, queue) = adapter .request_device( &wgpu::DeviceDescriptor { label: None, required_features: wgpu::Features::empty(), // WebGL doesn't support all of wgpu's features, so if // we're building for the web we'll have to disable some. required_limits: if cfg!(target_arch = "wasm32") { wgpu::Limits::downlevel_webgl2_defaults() } else { wgpu::Limits::default() }, }, None, // Trace path ) .await .unwrap(); let surface_caps = surface.get_capabilities(&adapter); // Shader code in this tutorial assumes an Srgb surface texture. Using a different // one will result all the colors comming out darker. If you want to support non // Srgb surfaces, you'll need to account for that when drawing to the frame. let surface_format = surface_caps .formats .iter() .copied() .find(|f| f.is_srgb()) .unwrap_or(surface_caps.formats[0]); let config = wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration { usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT, format: surface_format, width: size.width, height: size.height, present_mode: surface_caps.present_modes[0], alpha_mode: surface_caps.alpha_modes[0], desired_maximum_frame_latency: 2, view_formats: vec![], }; let clear_color = wgpu::Color::BLACK; Self { instance, adapter, surface, device, queue, config, clear_color, size, window, } } fn window(&self) -> &Window { &self.window } pub fn resize(&mut self, new_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize) { if new_size.width > 0 && new_size.height > 0 { self.size = new_size; self.config.width = new_size.width; self.config.height = new_size.height; self.surface.configure(&self.device, &self.config); } } fn input(&mut self, event: &WindowEvent) -> bool { match event { WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. } => { self.clear_color = wgpu::Color { r: position.x as f64 / self.size.width as f64, g: position.y as f64 / self.size.height as f64, b: 1.0, a: 1.0, }; true } _ => false, } } fn update(&mut self) {} fn render(&mut self) -> Result<(), wgpu::SurfaceError> { let output = self.surface.get_current_texture()?; let view = output .texture .create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default()); let mut encoder = self .device .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor { label: Some("Render Encoder"), }); { let _render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor { label: Some("Render Pass"), color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment { view: &view, resolve_target: None, ops: wgpu::Operations { load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(self.clear_color), store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store, }, })], depth_stencil_attachment: None, occlusion_query_set: None, timestamp_writes: None, }); } self.queue.submit(iter::once(encoder.finish())); output.present(); Ok(()) } } fn main() { pollster::block_on(run()); } async fn run() { env_logger::init(); let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap(); let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap(); // State::new uses async code, so we're going to wait for it to finish let mut state = State::new(&window).await; event_loop .run(move |event, control_flow| { match event { Event::WindowEvent { ref event, window_id, } if window_id == state.window().id() => { if !state.input(event) { match event { WindowEvent::CloseRequested | WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { event: KeyEvent { state: ElementState::Pressed, physical_key: PhysicalKey::Code(KeyCode::Escape), .. }, .. } => control_flow.exit(), WindowEvent::Resized(physical_size) => { state.resize(*physical_size); } WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => { state.window().request_redraw(); state.update(); match state.render() { Ok(_) => {} // Reconfigure the surface if it's lost or outdated Err( wgpu::SurfaceError::Lost | wgpu::SurfaceError::Outdated, ) => state.resize(state.size), // The system is out of memory, we should probably quit Err(wgpu::SurfaceError::OutOfMemory) => { log::error!("OutOfMemory"); control_flow.exit(); } // We're ignoring timeouts Err(wgpu::SurfaceError::Timeout) => { log::warn!("Surface timeout") } } } _ => {} } } } _ => {} } }) .unwrap(); }