Merge pull request #26 from Pointime/0.5

I found that the asynchronous I wrote is inconsistent with the author. . .
2024-11-18 03:25:33 +00:00 · 2020-04-22 15:53:57 -06:00 · 2020-04-22 15:53:57 -06:00 · 590d44de9d
commit 590d44de9d
parent 1205f18443 311fd9000d
14 changed files with 1556 additions and 785 deletions
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
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 "checksum tobj 0.1.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "1ed6f4ec3b7c466b7a72471179e55e2b6a7452b53691b6115185132fc2e06b1c"
 "checksum tobj 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "2b9d0bafde95a2f8f50dd3c10bc127b462efa8c3c0b60dfa276b7e032100e21d"
 "checksum typenum 1.11.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "6d2783fe2d6b8c1101136184eb41be8b1ad379e4657050b8aaff0c79ee7575f9"
 "checksum unicode-xid 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "fc72304796d0818e357ead4e000d19c9c174ab23dc11093ac919054d20a6a7fc"
 "checksum unicode-xid 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "826e7639553986605ec5979c7dd957c7895e93eabed50ab2ffa7f6128a75097c"
@ -2487,21 +2766,27 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum void 1.0.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "6a02e4885ed3bc0f2de90ea6dd45ebcbb66dacffe03547fadbb0eeae2770887d"
 "checksum walkdir 2.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "777182bc735b6424e1a57516d35ed72cb8019d85c8c9bf536dccb3445c1a2f7d"
 "checksum wasi 0.9.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "cccddf32554fecc6acb585f82a32a72e28b48f8c4c1883ddfeeeaa96f7d8e519"
-"checksum wasm-bindgen 0.2.58 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "5205e9afdf42282b192e2310a5b463a6d1c1d774e30dc3c791ac37ab42d2616c"
+"checksum wasm-bindgen 0.2.60 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "2cc57ce05287f8376e998cbddfb4c8cb43b84a7ec55cf4551d7c00eef317a47f"
-"checksum wasm-bindgen-backend 0.2.58 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "11cdb95816290b525b32587d76419facd99662a07e59d3cdb560488a819d9a45"
+"checksum wasm-bindgen-backend 0.2.60 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "d967d37bf6c16cca2973ca3af071d0a2523392e4a594548155d89a678f4237cd"
-"checksum wasm-bindgen-macro 0.2.58 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "574094772ce6921576fb6f2e3f7497b8a76273b6db092be18fc48a082de09dc3"
+"checksum wasm-bindgen-futures 0.4.10 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "7add542ea1ac7fdaa9dc25e031a6af33b7d63376292bd24140c637d00d1c312a"
-"checksum wasm-bindgen-macro-support 0.2.58 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "e85031354f25eaebe78bb7db1c3d86140312a911a106b2e29f9cc440ce3e7668"
+"checksum wasm-bindgen-macro 0.2.60 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "8bd151b63e1ea881bb742cd20e1d6127cef28399558f3b5d415289bc41eee3a4"
-"checksum wasm-bindgen-shared 0.2.58 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "f5e7e61fc929f4c0dddb748b102ebf9f632e2b8d739f2016542b4de2965a9601"
+"checksum wasm-bindgen-macro-support 0.2.60 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "d68a5b36eef1be7868f668632863292e37739656a80fc4b9acec7b0bd35a4931"
 "checksum wasm-bindgen-shared 0.2.60 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "daf76fe7d25ac79748a37538b7daeed1c7a6867c92d3245c12c6222e4a20d639"
 "checksum wayland-client 0.23.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "af1080ebe0efabcf12aef2132152f616038f2d7dcbbccf7b2d8c5270fe14bcda"
 "checksum wayland-commons 0.23.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "bb66b0d1a27c39bbce712b6372131c6e25149f03ffb0cd017cf8f7de8d66dbdb"
 "checksum wayland-protocols 0.23.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "6cc286643656742777d55dc8e70d144fa4699e426ca8e9d4ef454f4bf15ffcf9"
 "checksum wayland-scanner 0.23.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "93b02247366f395b9258054f964fe293ddd019c3237afba9be2ccbe9e1651c3d"
 "checksum wayland-sys 0.23.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "d94e89a86e6d6d7c7c9b19ebf48a03afaac4af6bc22ae570e9a24124b75358f4"
 "checksum web-sys 0.3.37 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "2d6f51648d8c56c366144378a33290049eafdd784071077f6fe37dae64c1c4cb"
 "checksum wgpu 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "07e9c1ff587eddd68cdf2a78889c7a2128683161c72c67b94457cf498accaf7b"
 "checksum wgpu 0.5.0 (git+https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu-rs.git)" = "<none>"
 "checksum wgpu 0.5.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "dbf715eb8571da470b856ecc67b057221360d9fce16f3e38001b2fb158d04012"
 "checksum wgpu-core 0.5.0 (git+https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu?rev=49dbe08f37f8396cff0d6672667a48116ec487f5)" = "<none>"
 "checksum wgpu-core 0.5.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "1c252c2442d874c794813ae037fd6cbeaa4a6d8035980e1179f2286ec0d179a6"
 "checksum wgpu-native 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "282dea6c13cfab27737dc34f131dd1ba72ff990f61c27f57f9299bec3d1c5de5"
 "checksum wgpu-native 0.5.0 (git+https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu?rev=49dbe08f37f8396cff0d6672667a48116ec487f5)" = "<none>"
 "checksum wgpu-native 0.5.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "19a5051a357d071fd69c24671e0ea6d644a83c7418e47eac3511427379007403"
 "checksum wgpu-types 0.5.0 (git+https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu?rev=49dbe08f37f8396cff0d6672667a48116ec487f5)" = "<none>"
 "checksum wgpu-types 0.5.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "67b69dfe001a8a6b78810c7e479717cd1898b9177dbf646611fa1f258f5a2512"
 "checksum winapi 0.2.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "167dc9d6949a9b857f3451275e911c3f44255842c1f7a76f33c55103a909087a"
 "checksum winapi 0.3.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "8093091eeb260906a183e6ae1abdba2ef5ef2257a21801128899c3fc699229c6"
@ -2510,10 +2795,11 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum winapi-util 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "4ccfbf554c6ad11084fb7517daca16cfdcaccbdadba4fc336f032a8b12c2ad80"
 "checksum winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
 "checksum winit 0.20.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "3ba128780050481f453bec2a115b916dbc6ae79c303dee9bad8b9080bdccd4f5"
 "checksum winit 0.22.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "fc53342d3d1a3d57f3949e0692d93d5a8adb7814d8683cef4a09c2b550e94246"
 "checksum wio 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "5d129932f4644ac2396cb456385cbf9e63b5b30c6e8dc4820bdca4eb082037a5"
 "checksum ws2_32-sys 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "d59cefebd0c892fa2dd6de581e937301d8552cb44489cdff035c6187cb63fa5e"
 "checksum x11 2.18.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "39697e3123f715483d311b5826e254b6f3cfebdd83cf7ef3358f579c3d68e235"
-"checksum x11-dl 2.18.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "be65e1342a3baae65439cd03306778831a3d133b0d20243a7fb83fd5cf403c58"
+"checksum x11-dl 2.18.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "2bf981e3a5b3301209754218f962052d4d9ee97e478f4d26d4a6eced34c1fef8"
 "checksum xdg 2.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "d089681aa106a86fade1b0128fb5daf07d5867a509ab036d99988dec80429a57"
 "checksum xml-rs 0.8.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "541b12c998c5b56aa2b4e6f18f03664eef9a4fd0a246a55594efae6cc2d964b5"
 "checksum zerocopy 0.2.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "992b9b31f80fd4a167f903f879b8ca43d6716cc368ea01df90538baa2dd34056"
--- a/code/beginner/tutorial8-depth/Cargo.toml
+++ b/code/beginner/tutorial8-depth/Cargo.toml
@ -7,14 +7,16 @@ edition = "2018"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 [dependencies]
-image = "0.22.4"
+image = "0.23"
-winit = "0.20.0"
+winit = "0.22"
-glsl-to-spirv = "0.1.7"
+glsl-to-spirv = "0.1"
-cgmath = "0.17.0"
+cgmath = "0.17"
 failure = "0.1"
-
+tobj = "1"
-wgpu = "0.4.0"
+bytemuck = "1.2"
-# wgpu = { git = "https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu-rs.git" }
+futures = "0.3"
 # wgpu = "0.5"
 wgpu = { git = "https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu-rs.git" }
 # zerocopy = "0.2.8"
 [[bin]]
@ -25,3 +27,4 @@ path = "src/main.rs"
 [[bin]]
 name = "tutorial8-challenge"
 path = "src/challenge.rs"
--- a/code/beginner/tutorial9-models/Cargo.toml
+++ b/code/beginner/tutorial9-models/Cargo.toml
@ -7,15 +7,16 @@ edition = "2018"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 [dependencies]
-image = "0.22.4"
+image = "0.23"
-winit = "0.20.0"
+winit = "0.22"
-glsl-to-spirv = "0.1.7"
+glsl-to-spirv = "0.1"
-cgmath = "0.17.0"
+cgmath = "0.17"
 failure = "0.1"
-tobj = "0.1"
+tobj = "1"
-
+bytemuck = "1.2"
-wgpu = "0.4.0"
+futures = "0.3"
-# wgpu = { git = "https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu-rs.git" }
+# wgpu = "0.5"
 wgpu = { git = "https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu-rs.git" }
 # zerocopy = "0.2.8"
 [[bin]]
--- a/code/beginner/tutorial9-models/src/main.rs
+++ b/code/beginner/tutorial9-models/src/main.rs
@ -1,18 +1,15 @@
 use cgmath::prelude::*;
 use winit::{
    event::*,
-    event_loop::{EventLoop, ControlFlow},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
-    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+    window::Window,
 };
 use cgmath::prelude::*;
 mod texture;
 mod model;
-
+mod texture;
 use model::{DrawModel, Vertex};
 #[cfg_attr(rustfmt, rustfmt_skip)]
 pub const OPENGL_TO_WGPU_MATRIX: cgmath::Matrix4<f32> = cgmath::Matrix4::new(
    1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
@ -55,10 +52,12 @@ impl Uniforms {
    }
    fn update_view_proj(&mut self, camera: &Camera) {
-        self.view_proj = OPENGL_TO_WGPU_MATRIX * camera.build_view_projection_matrix();
+        self.view_proj = camera.build_view_projection_matrix();
        // self.view_proj = OPENGL_TO_WGPU_MATRIX * camera.build_view_projection_matrix();
    }
 }
-
+unsafe impl bytemuck::Zeroable for Uniforms {}
 unsafe impl bytemuck::Pod for Uniforms {}
 struct CameraController {
    speed: f32,
    is_up_pressed: bool,
@ -85,11 +84,12 @@ impl CameraController {
    fn process_events(&mut self, event: &WindowEvent) -> bool {
        match event {
            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                input: KeyboardInput {
+                input:
-                    state,
+                    KeyboardInput {
-                    virtual_keycode: Some(keycode),
+                        state,
-                    ..
+                        virtual_keycode: Some(keycode),
-                },
+                        ..
                    },
                ..
            } => {
                let is_pressed = *state == ElementState::Pressed;
@ -158,77 +158,44 @@ impl Instance {
 }
 struct State {
    surface: wgpu::Surface,
    device: wgpu::Device,
    queue: wgpu::Queue,
    sc_desc: wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor,
    swap_chain: wgpu::SwapChain,
    render_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
    obj_model: model::Model,
    camera: Camera,
    camera_controller: CameraController,
    uniforms: Uniforms,
    uniform_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
    uniform_bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
    size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>,
    instances: Vec<Instance>,
    instance_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
    depth_texture: wgpu::Texture,
    depth_texture_view: wgpu::TextureView,
 }
 const DEPTH_FORMAT: wgpu::TextureFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float;
 fn create_depth_texture(device: &wgpu::Device, sc_desc: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor) -> wgpu::Texture {
    let desc = wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
        format: DEPTH_FORMAT,
        usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::OUTPUT_ATTACHMENT,
        ..sc_desc.to_texture_desc()
    };
    device.create_texture(&desc)
 }
 impl State {
-    fn new(window: &Window) -> Self {
+    fn new(
-        let size = window.inner_size();
+        sc_desc: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor,
-
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        let surface = wgpu::Surface::create(window);
+    ) -> (Self, Option<Vec<wgpu::CommandBuffer>>) {
-
+        let texture_bind_group_layout =
-        let adapter = wgpu::Adapter::request(&Default::default()).unwrap();
+            device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
-
+                bindings: &[
-        let (device, mut queue) = adapter.request_device(&Default::default());
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-
+                        binding: 0,
-        let sc_desc = wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor {
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
-            usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::OUTPUT_ATTACHMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::SampledTexture {
-            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb,
+                            multisampled: false,
-            width: size.width,
+                            component_type: wgpu::TextureComponentType::Float,
-            height: size.height,
+                            dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
-            present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::Vsync,
+                        },
        };
        let swap_chain = device.create_swap_chain(&surface, &sc_desc);
        let texture_bind_group_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
            bindings: &[
                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutBinding {
                    binding: 0,
                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::SampledTexture {
                        multisampled: false,
                        dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
                    },
-                },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutBinding {
+                        binding: 1,
-                    binding: 1,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
-                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler { comparison: false },
-                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler,
+                    },
-                },
+                ],
-            ],
+                label: None,
-        });
+            });
        let camera = Camera {
            eye: (0.0, 5.0, -10.0).into(),
@ -244,56 +211,67 @@ impl State {
        let mut uniforms = Uniforms::new();
        uniforms.update_view_proj(&camera);
-        let uniform_buffer = device
+        let uniform_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-            .create_buffer_mapped(1, wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_DST)
+            bytemuck::cast_slice(&[uniforms]),
-            .fill_from_slice(&[uniforms]);
+            wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_DST,
-
+        );
        const SPACE_BETWEEN: f32 = 3.0;
-        let instances = (0..NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW).flat_map(|z| {
+        let instances = (0..NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW)
-            (0..NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW).map(move |x| {
+            .flat_map(|z| {
-                let x = SPACE_BETWEEN * (x as f32 - NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW as f32 / 2.0);
+                (0..NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW).map(move |x| {
-                let z = SPACE_BETWEEN * (z as f32 - NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW as f32 / 2.0);
+                    let x = SPACE_BETWEEN * (x as f32 - NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW as f32 / 2.0);
                    let z = SPACE_BETWEEN * (z as f32 - NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW as f32 / 2.0);
-                let position = cgmath::Vector3 { x, y: 0.0, z };
+                    let position = cgmath::Vector3 { x, y: 0.0, z };
-                let rotation = if position.is_zero() {
+                    let rotation = if position.is_zero() {
-                    cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle(cgmath::Vector3::unit_z(), cgmath::Deg(0.0))
+                        cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle(
-                } else {
+                            cgmath::Vector3::unit_z(),
-                    cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle(position.clone().normalize(), cgmath::Deg(45.0))
+                            cgmath::Deg(0.0),
-                };
+                        )
                    } else {
                        cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle(
                            position.clone().normalize(),
                            cgmath::Deg(45.0),
                        )
                    };
-                Instance {
+                    Instance { position, rotation }
-                    position, rotation,
+                })
                }
            })
-        }).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let instance_data = instances.iter().map(Instance::to_matrix).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let instance_data = instances
-        let instance_buffer_size = instance_data.len() * std::mem::size_of::<cgmath::Matrix4<f32>>();
+            .iter()
-        let instance_buffer = device
+            .map(Instance::to_matrix)
-            .create_buffer_mapped(instance_data.len(), wgpu::BufferUsage::STORAGE_READ)
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-            .fill_from_slice(&instance_data);
+        let instance_buffer_size =
            instance_data.len() * std::mem::size_of::<cgmath::Matrix4<f32>>();
        let instance_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
            matrix4f_cast_slice(&[instance_data]),
            wgpu::BufferUsage::STORAGE_READ,
        );
-        let uniform_bind_group_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+        let uniform_bind_group_layout =
-            bindings: &[
+            device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
-                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutBinding {
+                bindings: &[
-                    binding: 0,
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX,
+                        binding: 0,
-                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::UniformBuffer {
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX,
-                        dynamic: false,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::UniformBuffer { dynamic: false },
                    },
-                },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutBinding {
+                        binding: 1,
-                    binding: 1,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX,
-                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::StorageBuffer {
-                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::StorageBuffer {
+                            dynamic: false,
-                        dynamic: false,
+                            readonly: true,
-                        readonly: true,
+                        },
-                    }
+                    },
-                }
+                ],
-            ]
+                label: None,
-        });
+            });
        let uniform_bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
            layout: &uniform_bind_group_layout,
@ -303,20 +281,25 @@ impl State {
                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer {
                        buffer: &uniform_buffer,
                        range: 0..std::mem::size_of_val(&uniforms) as wgpu::BufferAddress,
-                    }
+                    },
                },
                wgpu::Binding {
                    binding: 1,
                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer {
                        buffer: &instance_buffer,
                        range: 0..instance_buffer_size as wgpu::BufferAddress,
-                    }
+                    },
-                }
+                },
            ],
            label: None,
        });
-        let (obj_model, cmds) = model::Model::load(&device, &texture_bind_group_layout, "code/beginner/tutorial9-models/src/res/cube.obj").unwrap();
+        let (obj_model, cmds) = model::Model::load(
-        queue.submit(&cmds);
+            &device,
            &texture_bind_group_layout,
            "code/beginner/tutorial9-models/src/res/cube.obj",
        )
        .unwrap();
        let vs_src = include_str!("shader.vert");
        let fs_src = include_str!("shader.frag");
@ -327,12 +310,13 @@ impl State {
        let vs_module = device.create_shader_module(&vs_data);
        let fs_module = device.create_shader_module(&fs_data);
-        let depth_texture = create_depth_texture(&device, &sc_desc);
+        let depth_texture = texture::Texture::create_depth_texture(&device, &sc_desc).texture;
        let depth_texture_view = depth_texture.create_default_view();
-        let render_pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
+        let render_pipeline_layout =
-            bind_group_layouts: &[&texture_bind_group_layout, &uniform_bind_group_layout],
+            device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
-        });
+                bind_group_layouts: &[&texture_bind_group_layout, &uniform_bind_group_layout],
            });
        let render_pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
            layout: &render_pipeline_layout,
@ -352,16 +336,14 @@ impl State {
                depth_bias_clamp: 0.0,
            }),
            primitive_topology: wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleList,
-            color_states: &[
+            color_states: &[wgpu::ColorStateDescriptor {
-                wgpu::ColorStateDescriptor {
+                format: sc_desc.format,
-                    format: sc_desc.format,
+                color_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
-                    color_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
+                alpha_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
-                    alpha_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
+                write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrite::ALL,
-                    write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrite::ALL,
+            }],
                },
            ],
            depth_stencil_state: Some(wgpu::DepthStencilStateDescriptor {
-                format: DEPTH_FORMAT,
+                format: texture::DEPTH_FORMAT,
                depth_write_enabled: true,
                depth_compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Less,
                stencil_front: wgpu::StencilStateFaceDescriptor::IGNORE,
@ -369,21 +351,16 @@ impl State {
                stencil_read_mask: 0,
                stencil_write_mask: 0,
            }),
            index_format: wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32,
            vertex_buffers: &[
                model::ModelVertex::desc(),
            ],
            sample_count: 1,
            sample_mask: !0,
            alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
            vertex_state: wgpu::VertexStateDescriptor {
                index_format: wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32,
                vertex_buffers: &[model::ModelVertex::desc()],
            },
        });
-        Self {
+        let state = Self {
            surface,
            device,
            queue,
            sc_desc,
            swap_chain,
            render_pipeline,
            obj_model,
            camera,
@ -391,71 +368,75 @@ impl State {
            uniform_buffer,
            uniform_bind_group,
            uniforms,
            size,
            instances,
            instance_buffer,
            depth_texture,
            depth_texture_view,
-        }
+        };
        (state, Some(cmds))
    }
-
+    fn resize(
-    fn resize(&mut self, new_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>) {
+        &mut self,
-        self.size = new_size;
+        sc_desc: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor,
-        self.sc_desc.width = new_size.width;
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        self.sc_desc.height = new_size.height;
+    ) -> Option<wgpu::CommandBuffer> {
-        self.swap_chain = self.device.create_swap_chain(&self.surface, &self.sc_desc);
+        self.depth_texture = texture::Texture::create_depth_texture(device, sc_desc).texture;
        self.depth_texture = create_depth_texture(&self.device, &self.sc_desc);
        self.depth_texture_view = self.depth_texture.create_default_view();
        self.camera.aspect = sc_desc.width as f32 / sc_desc.height as f32;
-        self.camera.aspect = self.sc_desc.width as f32 / self.sc_desc.height as f32;
+        None
    }
    fn input(&mut self, event: &WindowEvent) -> bool {
        self.camera_controller.process_events(event)
    }
-    fn update(&mut self) {
+    fn update(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device) -> Option<wgpu::CommandBuffer> {
        self.camera_controller.update_camera(&mut self.camera);
        self.uniforms.update_view_proj(&self.camera);
-        let mut encoder = self.device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+        let mut encoder =
-            todo: 0,
+            device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor { label: None });
        });
-        let staging_buffer = self.device
+        let staging_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-            .create_buffer_mapped(1, wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC)
+            bytemuck::cast_slice(&[self.uniforms]),
-            .fill_from_slice(&[self.uniforms]);
+            wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC,
        );
-        encoder.copy_buffer_to_buffer(&staging_buffer, 0, &self.uniform_buffer, 0, std::mem::size_of::<Uniforms>() as wgpu::BufferAddress);
+        encoder.copy_buffer_to_buffer(
            &staging_buffer,
            0,
            &self.uniform_buffer,
            0,
            std::mem::size_of::<Uniforms>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
        );
-        self.queue.submit(&[encoder.finish()]);
+        Some(encoder.finish())
    }
-    fn render(&mut self) {
+    fn render(
-        let frame = self.swap_chain.get_next_texture();
+        &mut self,
-
+        frame: &wgpu::SwapChainOutput,
-        let mut encoder = self.device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
-            todo: 0,
+    ) -> wgpu::CommandBuffer {
-        });
+        let mut encoder =
            device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor { label: None });
        {
            let mut render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
-                color_attachments: &[
+                color_attachments: &[wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachmentDescriptor {
-                    wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachmentDescriptor {
+                    attachment: &frame.view,
-                        attachment: &frame.view,
+                    resolve_target: None,
-                        resolve_target: None,
+                    load_op: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear,
-                        load_op: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear,
+                    store_op: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
-                        store_op: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    clear_color: wgpu::Color {
-                        clear_color: wgpu::Color {
+                        r: 0.1,
-                            r: 0.1,
+                        g: 0.2,
-                            g: 0.2,
+                        b: 0.3,
-                            b: 0.3,
+                        a: 1.0,
-                            a: 1.0,
+                    },
-                        },
+                }],
                    }
                ],
                depth_stencil_attachment: Some(wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachmentDescriptor {
                    attachment: &self.depth_texture_view,
                    depth_load_op: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear,
@ -468,63 +449,123 @@ impl State {
            });
            render_pass.set_pipeline(&self.render_pipeline);
-            render_pass.draw_model_instanced(&self.obj_model, 0..self.instances.len() as u32, &self.uniform_bind_group);
+            render_pass.draw_model_instanced(
                &self.obj_model,
                0..self.instances.len() as u32,
                &self.uniform_bind_group,
            );
        }
-        self.queue.submit(&[
+        encoder.finish()
            encoder.finish()
        ]);
    }
 }
 async fn run_async(event_loop: EventLoop<()>, window: Window) {
    let size = window.inner_size();
    let surface = wgpu::Surface::create(&window);
    let adapter = wgpu::Adapter::request(
        &wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
            power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::Default,
            compatible_surface: Some(&surface),
        },
        wgpu::BackendBit::PRIMARY,
    )
    .await
    .unwrap();
    let (device, queue) = adapter
        .request_device(&wgpu::DeviceDescriptor {
            extensions: wgpu::Extensions {
                anisotropic_filtering: false,
            },
            limits: wgpu::Limits::default(),
        })
        .await;
    let mut sc_desc = wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor {
        usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::OUTPUT_ATTACHMENT,
        format: if cfg!(target_arch = "wasm32") {
            wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8Unorm
        } else {
            wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb
        },
        width: size.width,
        height: size.height,
        present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::Mailbox,
    };
    let mut swap_chain = device.create_swap_chain(&surface, &sc_desc);
-fn main() {
+    let (mut state, init_cmds_buf) = State::new(&sc_desc, &device);
    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
        .build(&event_loop)
        .unwrap();
    let mut state = State::new(&window);
    if let Some(cmds_buf) = init_cmds_buf {
        queue.submit(&cmds_buf);
    }
    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Poll;
        match event {
            Event::MainEventsCleared => window.request_redraw(),
            Event::WindowEvent {
                ref event,
                window_id,
-            } if window_id == window.id() => if state.input(event) {
+            } if window_id == window.id() => {
-                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+                if !state.input(event) {
-            } else {
+                    match event {
-                match event {
+                        WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-                    WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                        WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. } => match input {
                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                        input,
                        ..
                    } => {
                        match input {
                            KeyboardInput {
                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
                                virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Escape),
                                ..
-                            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                            } => {
-                            _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
+                                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
                            }
                            _ => {}
                        },
                        WindowEvent::Resized(physical_size) => {
                            sc_desc.width = physical_size.width;
                            sc_desc.height = physical_size.height;
                            swap_chain = device.create_swap_chain(&surface, &sc_desc);
                            let cmd_buf = state.resize(&sc_desc, &device);
                            if let Some(cmd_buf) = cmd_buf {
                                queue.submit(&[cmd_buf]);
                            }
                        }
                        WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged { new_inner_size, .. } => {
                            sc_desc.width = new_inner_size.width;
                            sc_desc.height = new_inner_size.height;
                            swap_chain = device.create_swap_chain(&surface, &sc_desc);
                            let cmd_buf = state.resize(&sc_desc, &device);
                            if let Some(cmd_buf) = cmd_buf {
                                queue.submit(&[cmd_buf]);
                            }
                        }
                        _ => {}
                    }
                    WindowEvent::Resized(physical_size) => {
                        state.resize(*physical_size);
                        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
                    }
                    WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged { new_inner_size, .. } => {
                        state.resize(**new_inner_size);
                        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
                    }
                    _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
                }
            }
-            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+            Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
-                state.update();
+                if let Some(cmd_buf) = state.update(&device) {
-                state.render();
+                    queue.submit(&[cmd_buf]);
-                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+                }
                let frame = swap_chain
                    .get_next_texture()
                    .expect("Timeout when acquiring next swap chain texture");
                let command_buf = state.render(&frame, &device);
                queue.submit(&[command_buf]);
            }
-            _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
+            _ => {}
        }
    });
 }
 fn main() {
    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
    let title = "tutorial9-models";
    let window = winit::window::WindowBuilder::new()
        .with_title(title)
        .build(&event_loop)
        .unwrap();
    futures::executor::block_on(run_async(event_loop, window));
 }
 #[inline]
 pub fn matrix4f_cast_slice(a: &[Vec<cgmath::Matrix4<f32>>]) -> &[u8] {
    let new_len = a[0].len() * std::mem::size_of::<cgmath::Matrix4<f32>>();
    unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts(a[0].as_ptr() as *const u8, new_len) }
 }
--- a/code/beginner/tutorial9-models/src/model.rs
+++ b/code/beginner/tutorial9-models/src/model.rs
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::ops::Range;
 use std::path::Path;
 use crate::texture;
@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ pub struct ModelVertex {
    tex_coords: [f32; 2],
    normal: [f32; 3],
 }
 unsafe impl bytemuck::Zeroable for ModelVertex {}
 unsafe impl bytemuck::Pod for ModelVertex {}
 impl Vertex for ModelVertex {
    fn desc<'a>() -> wgpu::VertexBufferDescriptor<'a> {
@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ impl Vertex for ModelVertex {
                    shader_location: 2,
                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float3,
                },
-            ]
+            ],
        }
    }
 }
@ -61,9 +63,12 @@ pub struct Model {
    pub materials: Vec<Material>,
 }
 impl Model {
-    pub fn load<P: AsRef<Path>>(device: &wgpu::Device, layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout, path: P) -> Result<(Self, Vec<wgpu::CommandBuffer>), failure::Error> {
+    pub fn load<P: AsRef<Path>>(
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
        path: P,
    ) -> Result<(Self, Vec<wgpu::CommandBuffer>), failure::Error> {
        let (obj_models, obj_materials) = tobj::load_obj(path.as_ref())?;
        // We're assuming that the texture files are stored with the obj file
@ -75,7 +80,8 @@ impl Model {
        let mut materials = Vec::new();
        for mat in obj_materials {
            let diffuse_path = mat.diffuse_texture;
-            let (diffuse_texture, cmds) = texture::Texture::load(&device, containing_folder.join(diffuse_path))?;
+            let (diffuse_texture, cmds) =
                texture::Texture::load(&device, containing_folder.join(diffuse_path))?;
            let bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
                layout,
@ -88,7 +94,8 @@ impl Model {
                        binding: 1,
                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&diffuse_texture.sampler),
                    },
-                ]
+                ],
                label: None,
            });
            materials.push(Material {
@ -109,10 +116,7 @@ impl Model {
                        m.mesh.positions[i * 3 + 1],
                        m.mesh.positions[i * 3 + 2],
                    ],
-                    tex_coords: [
+                    tex_coords: [m.mesh.texcoords[i * 2], m.mesh.texcoords[i * 2 + 1]],
                        m.mesh.texcoords[i * 2],
                        m.mesh.texcoords[i * 2 + 1],
                    ],
                    normal: [
                        m.mesh.normals[i * 3],
                        m.mesh.normals[i * 3 + 1],
@ -121,13 +125,14 @@ impl Model {
                });
            }
-            let vertex_buffer = device
+            let vertex_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-                .create_buffer_mapped(vertices.len(), wgpu::BufferUsage::VERTEX)
+                bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices),
-                .fill_from_slice(&vertices);
+                wgpu::BufferUsage::VERTEX,
-
+            );
-            let index_buffer = device
+            let index_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-                .create_buffer_mapped(m.mesh.indices.len(), wgpu::BufferUsage::INDEX)
+                bytemuck::cast_slice(&m.mesh.indices),
-                .fill_from_slice(&m.mesh.indices);
+                wgpu::BufferUsage::INDEX,
            );
            meshes.push(Mesh {
                name: m.name,
@ -138,36 +143,64 @@ impl Model {
            });
        }
-        Ok((Self { meshes, materials, }, command_buffers))
+        Ok((Self { meshes, materials }, command_buffers))
    }
 }
-pub trait DrawModel {
+pub trait DrawModel<'a, 'b>
-    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+where
-    fn draw_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &'b Mesh, material: &'b Material, uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup);
    fn draw_mesh_instanced(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        material: &'b Material,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
-    fn draw_model(&mut self, model: &Model, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+    fn draw_model(&mut self, model: &'b Model, uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup);
-    fn draw_model_instanced(&mut self, model: &Model, instances: Range<u32>,  uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+    fn draw_model_instanced(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
 }
-impl<'a> DrawModel for wgpu::RenderPass<'a> {
+impl<'a, 'b> DrawModel<'a, 'b> for wgpu::RenderPass<'a>
-    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+where
    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &'b Mesh, material: &'b Material, uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup) {
        self.draw_mesh_instanced(mesh, material, 0..1, uniforms);
    }
-    fn draw_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_mesh_instanced(
-        self.set_vertex_buffers(0, &[(&mesh.vertex_buffer, 0)]);
+        &mut self,
-        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0);
+        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        material: &'b Material,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.set_vertex_buffer(0, &mesh.vertex_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.set_bind_group(0, &material.bind_group, &[]);
        self.set_bind_group(1, &uniforms, &[]);
        self.draw_indexed(0..mesh.num_elements, 0, instances);
    }
-    fn draw_model(&mut self, model: &Model, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_model(&mut self, model: &'b Model, uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup) {
        self.draw_model_instanced(model, 0..1, uniforms);
    }
-    fn draw_model_instanced(&mut self, model: &Model, instances: Range<u32>,  uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_model_instanced(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        for mesh in &model.meshes {
            let material = &model.materials[mesh.material];
            self.draw_mesh_instanced(mesh, material, instances.clone(), uniforms);
--- a/code/beginner/tutorial9-models/src/res/cube.mtl
+++ b/code/beginner/tutorial9-models/src/res/cube.mtl
@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ Ke 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
 Ni 1.450000
 d 1.000000
 illum 2
-map_Bump /home/benjamin/Downloads/tuto-14-normal.png
+map_Bump cube-normal.png
-map_Kd /home/benjamin/Downloads/tuto-14-diffuse.jpg
+map_Kd cube-diffuse.jpg
--- a/code/beginner/tutorial9-models/src/texture.rs
+++ b/code/beginner/tutorial9-models/src/texture.rs
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use image::GenericImageView;
 use std::path::Path;
 pub const DEPTH_FORMAT: wgpu::TextureFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float;
 pub struct Texture {
    pub texture: wgpu::Texture,
@ -9,18 +10,30 @@ pub struct Texture {
 }
 impl Texture {
-    pub const DEPTH_FORMAT: wgpu::TextureFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float;
+    pub fn load<P: AsRef<Path>>(
-
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
-    pub fn load<P: AsRef<Path>>(device: &wgpu::Device, path: P) -> Result<(Self, wgpu::CommandBuffer), failure::Error> {
+        path: P,
    ) -> Result<(Self, wgpu::CommandBuffer), failure::Error> {
        let img = image::open(path)?;
        Self::from_image(device, &img)
    }
-    pub fn create_depth_texture(device: &wgpu::Device, sc_desc: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor) -> Self {
+    pub fn create_depth_texture(
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        sc_desc: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor,
    ) -> Self {
        let desc = wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
-            format: Self::DEPTH_FORMAT,
+            label: None,
            size: wgpu::Extent3d {
                width: sc_desc.width,
                height: sc_desc.height,
                depth: 1,
            },
            mip_level_count: 1,
            sample_count: 1,
            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
            format: DEPTH_FORMAT,
            usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::OUTPUT_ATTACHMENT,
            ..sc_desc.to_texture_desc()
        };
        let texture = device.create_texture(&desc);
@ -34,18 +47,28 @@ impl Texture {
            mipmap_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
            lod_min_clamp: -100.0,
            lod_max_clamp: 100.0,
-            compare_function: wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
+            compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
        });
-        Self { texture, view, sampler }
+        Self {
            texture,
            view,
            sampler,
        }
    }
-    pub fn from_bytes(device: &wgpu::Device, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(Self, wgpu::CommandBuffer), failure::Error> {
+    pub fn from_bytes(
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        bytes: &[u8],
    ) -> Result<(Self, wgpu::CommandBuffer), failure::Error> {
        let img = image::load_from_memory(bytes)?;
        Self::from_image(device, &img)
    }
-    pub fn from_image(device: &wgpu::Device, img: &image::DynamicImage) -> Result<(Self, wgpu::CommandBuffer), failure::Error> {
+    pub fn from_image(
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        img: &image::DynamicImage,
    ) -> Result<(Self, wgpu::CommandBuffer), failure::Error> {
        let rgba = img.to_rgba();
        let dimensions = img.dimensions();
@ -55,8 +78,8 @@ impl Texture {
            depth: 1,
        };
        let texture = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
            label: None,
            size,
            array_layer_count: 1,
            mip_level_count: 1,
            sample_count: 1,
            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
@ -65,8 +88,7 @@ impl Texture {
        });
        let buffer = device
-            .create_buffer_mapped(rgba.len(), wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC)
+            .create_buffer_with_data(bytemuck::cast_slice(&rgba), wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC);
            .fill_from_slice(&rgba);
        let mut encoder = device.create_command_encoder(&Default::default());
@ -74,8 +96,8 @@ impl Texture {
            wgpu::BufferCopyView {
                buffer: &buffer,
                offset: 0,
-                row_pitch: 4 * dimensions.0,
+                bytes_per_row: 4 * dimensions.0,
-                image_height: dimensions.1,
+                rows_per_image: dimensions.1,
            },
            wgpu::TextureCopyView {
                texture: &texture,
@ -98,9 +120,16 @@ impl Texture {
            mipmap_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
            lod_min_clamp: -100.0,
            lod_max_clamp: 100.0,
-            compare_function: wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
+            compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
        });
-        Ok((Self { texture, view, sampler }, cmd_buffer))
+        Ok((
            Self {
                texture,
                view,
                sampler,
            },
            cmd_buffer,
        ))
    }
 }
--- a/code/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/Cargo.toml
+++ b/code/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/Cargo.toml
@ -7,15 +7,18 @@ edition = "2018"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 [dependencies]
-image = "0.22.4"
+image = "0.23"
-winit = "0.20.0"
+winit = "0.22"
-glsl-to-spirv = "0.1.7"
+glsl-to-spirv = "0.1"
-cgmath = "0.17.0"
+cgmath = "0.17"
 failure = "0.1"
-tobj = "0.1"
+tobj = "1"
 bytemuck = "1.2"
 futures = "0.3"
 # wgpu = "0.5"
 wgpu = { git = "https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu-rs.git" }
 wgpu = "0.4.0"
 # wgpu = { git = "https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu-rs.git" }
 # zerocopy = "0.2.8"
 [[bin]]
--- a/code/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/src/main.rs
+++ b/code/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/src/main.rs
@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
 use cgmath::prelude::*;
 use winit::{
    event::*,
-    event_loop::{EventLoop, ControlFlow},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
-    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+    window::Window,
 };
 use cgmath::prelude::*;
 mod texture;
 mod model;
 mod texture;
-
+use model::{DrawLight, DrawModel, Vertex};
 use model::{DrawModel, DrawLight, Vertex};
 #[cfg_attr(rustfmt, rustfmt_skip)]
 pub const OPENGL_TO_WGPU_MATRIX: cgmath::Matrix4<f32> = cgmath::Matrix4::new(
@ -61,10 +59,12 @@ impl Uniforms {
        // the easiest way to convert to Vector4. We're using Vector4 because of
        // the uniforms 16 byte spacing requirement
        self.view_position = camera.eye.to_homogeneous();
-        self.view_proj = OPENGL_TO_WGPU_MATRIX * camera.build_view_projection_matrix();
+        // self.view_proj = OPENGL_TO_WGPU_MATRIX * camera.build_view_projection_matrix();
        self.view_proj = camera.build_view_projection_matrix();
    }
 }
-
+unsafe impl bytemuck::Zeroable for Uniforms {}
 unsafe impl bytemuck::Pod for Uniforms {}
 struct CameraController {
    speed: f32,
    is_up_pressed: bool,
@ -91,11 +91,12 @@ impl CameraController {
    fn process_events(&mut self, event: &WindowEvent) -> bool {
        match event {
            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                input: KeyboardInput {
+                input:
-                    state,
+                    KeyboardInput {
-                    virtual_keycode: Some(keycode),
+                        state,
-                    ..
+                        virtual_keycode: Some(keycode),
-                },
+                        ..
                    },
                ..
            } => {
                let is_pressed = *state == ElementState::Pressed;
@ -172,47 +173,27 @@ struct Light {
    color: cgmath::Vector3<f32>,
 }
 unsafe impl bytemuck::Zeroable for Light {}
 unsafe impl bytemuck::Pod for Light {}
 struct State {
    surface: wgpu::Surface,
    device: wgpu::Device,
    queue: wgpu::Queue,
    sc_desc: wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor,
    swap_chain: wgpu::SwapChain,
    render_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
    obj_model: model::Model,
    camera: Camera,
    camera_controller: CameraController,
    uniforms: Uniforms,
    uniform_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
    uniform_bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
    size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>,
    instances: Vec<Instance>,
    instance_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
    depth_texture: wgpu::Texture,
    depth_texture_view: wgpu::TextureView,
    light: Light,
    light_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
    light_bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
    light_render_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
 }
 const DEPTH_FORMAT: wgpu::TextureFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float;
 fn create_depth_texture(device: &wgpu::Device, sc_desc: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor) -> wgpu::Texture {
    let desc = wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
        format: DEPTH_FORMAT,
        usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::OUTPUT_ATTACHMENT,
        ..sc_desc.to_texture_desc()
    };
    device.create_texture(&desc)
 }
 fn create_render_pipeline(
    device: &wgpu::Device,
    layout: &wgpu::PipelineLayout,
@ -247,69 +228,56 @@ fn create_render_pipeline(
            depth_bias_clamp: 0.0,
        }),
        primitive_topology: wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleList,
-        color_states: &[
+        color_states: &[wgpu::ColorStateDescriptor {
-            wgpu::ColorStateDescriptor {
+            format: color_format,
-                format: color_format,
+            color_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
-                color_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
+            alpha_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
-                alpha_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
+            write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrite::ALL,
-                write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrite::ALL,
+        }],
-            },
+        depth_stencil_state: depth_format.map(|format| wgpu::DepthStencilStateDescriptor {
-        ],
+            format,
-        depth_stencil_state: depth_format.map(|format| {
+            depth_write_enabled: true,
-            wgpu::DepthStencilStateDescriptor {
+            depth_compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Less,
-                format,
+            stencil_front: wgpu::StencilStateFaceDescriptor::IGNORE,
-                depth_write_enabled: true,
+            stencil_back: wgpu::StencilStateFaceDescriptor::IGNORE,
-                depth_compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Less,
+            stencil_read_mask: 0,
-                stencil_front: wgpu::StencilStateFaceDescriptor::IGNORE,
+            stencil_write_mask: 0,
                stencil_back: wgpu::StencilStateFaceDescriptor::IGNORE,
                stencil_read_mask: 0,
                stencil_write_mask: 0,
            }
        }),
        index_format: wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32,
        vertex_buffers: vertex_descs,
        sample_count: 1,
        sample_mask: !0,
        alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
        vertex_state: wgpu::VertexStateDescriptor {
            index_format: wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32,
            vertex_buffers: vertex_descs,
        },
    })
 }
 impl State {
-    fn new(window: &Window) -> Self {
+    fn new(
-        let size = window.inner_size();
+        sc_desc: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor,
-
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        let surface = wgpu::Surface::create(window);
+    ) -> (Self, Option<Vec<wgpu::CommandBuffer>>) {
-
+        let texture_bind_group_layout =
-        let adapter = wgpu::Adapter::request(&Default::default()).unwrap();
+            device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
-
+                bindings: &[
-        let (device, mut queue) = adapter.request_device(&Default::default());
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-
+                        binding: 0,
-        let sc_desc = wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor {
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
-            usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::OUTPUT_ATTACHMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::SampledTexture {
-            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb,
+                            multisampled: false,
-            width: size.width,
+                            component_type: wgpu::TextureComponentType::Float,
-            height: size.height,
+                            dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
-            present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::Vsync,
+                        },
        };
        let swap_chain = device.create_swap_chain(&surface, &sc_desc);
        let texture_bind_group_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
            bindings: &[
                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutBinding {
                    binding: 0,
                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::SampledTexture {
                        multisampled: false,
                        dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
                    },
-                },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutBinding {
+                        binding: 1,
-                    binding: 1,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
-                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler { comparison: false },
-                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler,
+                    },
-                },
+                ],
-            ],
+                label: None,
-        });
+            });
        let camera = Camera {
            eye: (0.0, 5.0, -10.0).into(),
@ -320,61 +288,74 @@ impl State {
            znear: 0.1,
            zfar: 100.0,
        };
        let camera_controller = CameraController::new(0.2);
        let mut uniforms = Uniforms::new();
        uniforms.update_view_proj(&camera);
-        let uniform_buffer = device
+        let uniform_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-            .create_buffer_mapped(1, wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_DST)
+            bytemuck::cast_slice(&[uniforms]),
-            .fill_from_slice(&[uniforms]);
+            wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_DST,
-
+        );
        const SPACE_BETWEEN: f32 = 3.0;
-        let instances = (0..NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW).flat_map(|z| {
+        let instances = (0..NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW)
-            (0..NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW).map(move |x| {
+            .flat_map(|z| {
-                let x = SPACE_BETWEEN * (x as f32 - NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW as f32 / 2.0);
+                (0..NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW).map(move |x| {
-                let z = SPACE_BETWEEN * (z as f32 - NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW as f32 / 2.0);
+                    let x = SPACE_BETWEEN * (x as f32 - NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW as f32 / 2.0);
                    let z = SPACE_BETWEEN * (z as f32 - NUM_INSTANCES_PER_ROW as f32 / 2.0);
-                let position = cgmath::Vector3 { x, y: 0.0, z };
+                    let position = cgmath::Vector3 { x, y: 0.0, z };
-                let rotation = if position.is_zero() {
+                    let rotation = if position.is_zero() {
-                    cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle(cgmath::Vector3::unit_z(), cgmath::Deg(0.0))
+                        cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle(
-                } else {
+                            cgmath::Vector3::unit_z(),
-                    cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle(position.clone().normalize(), cgmath::Deg(45.0))
+                            cgmath::Deg(0.0),
-                };
+                        )
                    } else {
                        cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle(
                            position.clone().normalize(),
                            cgmath::Deg(45.0),
                        )
                    };
-                Instance {
+                    Instance { position, rotation }
-                    position, rotation,
+                })
                }
            })
-        }).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let instance_data = instances.iter().map(Instance::to_matrix).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let instance_data = instances
-        let instance_buffer_size = instance_data.len() * std::mem::size_of::<cgmath::Matrix4<f32>>();
+            .iter()
-        let instance_buffer = device
+            .map(Instance::to_matrix)
-            .create_buffer_mapped(instance_data.len(), wgpu::BufferUsage::STORAGE_READ)
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
            .fill_from_slice(&instance_data);
-        let uniform_bind_group_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+        let instance_buffer_size =
-            bindings: &[
+            instance_data.len() * std::mem::size_of::<cgmath::Matrix4<f32>>();
-                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutBinding {
+        let instance_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-                    binding: 0,
+            matrix4f_cast_slice(&[instance_data]),
-                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX | wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
+            wgpu::BufferUsage::STORAGE_READ,
-                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::UniformBuffer {
+        );
-                        dynamic: false,
+
        let uniform_bind_group_layout =
            device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
                bindings: &[
                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                        binding: 0,
                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX | wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::UniformBuffer { dynamic: false },
                    },
-                },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutBinding {
+                        binding: 1,
-                    binding: 1,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX,
-                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::StorageBuffer {
-                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::StorageBuffer {
+                            dynamic: false,
-                        dynamic: false,
+                            readonly: true,
-                        readonly: true,
+                        },
-                    }
+                    },
-                }
+                ],
-            ]
+                label: None,
-        });
+            });
        let uniform_bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
            layout: &uniform_bind_group_layout,
@ -384,20 +365,21 @@ impl State {
                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer {
                        buffer: &uniform_buffer,
                        range: 0..std::mem::size_of_val(&uniforms) as wgpu::BufferAddress,
-                    }
+                    },
                },
                wgpu::Binding {
                    binding: 1,
                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer {
                        buffer: &instance_buffer,
                        range: 0..instance_buffer_size as wgpu::BufferAddress,
-                    }
+                    },
-                }
+                },
            ],
            label: None,
        });
-        let (obj_model, cmds) = model::Model::load(&device, &texture_bind_group_layout, "code/beginner/tutorial9-models/src/res/cube.obj").unwrap();
+        let (obj_model, cmds) =
-        queue.submit(&cmds);
+            model::Model::load(&device, &texture_bind_group_layout, "code/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/src/res/cube.obj").unwrap();
        let light = Light {
            position: (2.0, 2.0, 2.0).into(),
@ -405,47 +387,44 @@ impl State {
            color: (1.0, 1.0, 1.0).into(),
        };
-        let light_buffer = device
+        let light_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-            // We'll want to update our lights position, so we use COPY_DST
+            bytemuck::cast_slice(&[light]),
-            .create_buffer_mapped(1, wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_DST)
+            wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_DST,
-            .fill_from_slice(&[light]);
+        );
-        let light_bind_group_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+        let light_bind_group_layout =
-            bindings: &[
+            device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
-                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutBinding {
+                bindings: &[wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                    binding: 0,
                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX | wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
-                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::UniformBuffer { 
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::UniformBuffer { dynamic: false },
-                        dynamic: false 
+                }],
-                    },
+                label: None,
-                }
+            });
            ],
        });
        let light_bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
            layout: &light_bind_group_layout,
-            bindings: &[
+            bindings: &[wgpu::Binding {
-                wgpu::Binding {
+                binding: 0,
-                    binding: 0,
+                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer {
-                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer {
+                    buffer: &light_buffer,
-                        buffer: &light_buffer,
+                    range: 0..std::mem::size_of_val(&light) as wgpu::BufferAddress,
-                        range: 0..std::mem::size_of_val(&light) as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+                },
-                    }
+            }],
-                }
+            label: None,
            ],
        });
-        let depth_texture = create_depth_texture(&device, &sc_desc);
+        let depth_texture = texture::Texture::create_depth_texture(&device, &sc_desc).texture;
        let depth_texture_view = depth_texture.create_default_view();
-        let render_pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
+        let render_pipeline_layout =
-            bind_group_layouts: &[
+            device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
-                &texture_bind_group_layout, 
+                bind_group_layouts: &[
-                &uniform_bind_group_layout,
+                    &texture_bind_group_layout,
-                &light_bind_group_layout,
+                    &uniform_bind_group_layout,
-            ],
+                    &light_bind_group_layout,
-        });
+                ],
-
+            });
        let render_pipeline = {
            let vs_src = include_str!("shader.vert");
@ -455,19 +434,16 @@ impl State {
                &device,
                &render_pipeline_layout,
                sc_desc.format,
-                Some(DEPTH_FORMAT),
+                Some(texture::DEPTH_FORMAT),
                &[model::ModelVertex::desc()],
                vs_src,
-                fs_src
+                fs_src,
            )
        };
        let light_render_pipeline = {
            let layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
-                bind_group_layouts: &[
+                bind_group_layouts: &[&uniform_bind_group_layout, &light_bind_group_layout],
                    &uniform_bind_group_layout,
                    &light_bind_group_layout,
                ]
            });
            let vs_src = include_str!("light.vert");
@ -477,19 +453,14 @@ impl State {
                &device,
                &layout,
                sc_desc.format,
-                Some(DEPTH_FORMAT), 
+                Some(texture::DEPTH_FORMAT),
                &[model::ModelVertex::desc()],
                vs_src,
                fs_src,
            )
        };
-        Self {
+        let state = Self {
            surface,
            device,
            queue,
            sc_desc,
            swap_chain,
            render_pipeline,
            obj_model,
            camera,
@ -497,7 +468,6 @@ impl State {
            uniform_buffer,
            uniform_bind_group,
            uniforms,
            size,
            instances,
            instance_buffer,
            depth_texture,
@ -506,75 +476,85 @@ impl State {
            light_buffer,
            light_bind_group,
            light_render_pipeline,
-        }
+        };
        (state, Some(cmds))
    }
-
+    fn resize(
-
+        &mut self,
-    fn resize(&mut self, new_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>) {
+        sc_desc: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor,
-        self.size = new_size;
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        self.sc_desc.width = new_size.width;
+    ) -> Option<wgpu::CommandBuffer> {
-        self.sc_desc.height = new_size.height;
+        self.depth_texture = texture::Texture::create_depth_texture(device, sc_desc).texture;
        self.swap_chain = self.device.create_swap_chain(&self.surface, &self.sc_desc);
        self.depth_texture = create_depth_texture(&self.device, &self.sc_desc);
        self.depth_texture_view = self.depth_texture.create_default_view();
        self.camera.aspect = sc_desc.width as f32 / sc_desc.height as f32;
-        self.camera.aspect = self.sc_desc.width as f32 / self.sc_desc.height as f32;
+        None
    }
    fn input(&mut self, event: &WindowEvent) -> bool {
        self.camera_controller.process_events(event)
    }
-
+    fn update(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device) -> Option<wgpu::CommandBuffer> {
    fn update(&mut self) {
        self.camera_controller.update_camera(&mut self.camera);
        self.uniforms.update_view_proj(&self.camera);
-        let mut encoder = self.device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+        let mut encoder =
-            todo: 0,
+            device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor { label: None });
        });
-        let staging_buffer = self.device
+        let staging_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-            .create_buffer_mapped(1, wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC)
+            bytemuck::cast_slice(&[self.uniforms]),
-            .fill_from_slice(&[self.uniforms]);
+            wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC,
        );
-        encoder.copy_buffer_to_buffer(&staging_buffer, 0, &self.uniform_buffer, 0, std::mem::size_of::<Uniforms>() as wgpu::BufferAddress);
+        encoder.copy_buffer_to_buffer(
            &staging_buffer,
            0,
            &self.uniform_buffer,
            0,
            std::mem::size_of::<Uniforms>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
        );
        // Update the light
        let old_position = self.light.position;
-        self.light.position = cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle((0.0, 1.0, 0.0).into(), cgmath::Deg(1.0)) * old_position;
+        self.light.position =
            cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle((0.0, 1.0, 0.0).into(), cgmath::Deg(1.0))
                * old_position;
-        let staging_buffer = self.device
+        let staging_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-            .create_buffer_mapped(1, wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC)
+            bytemuck::cast_slice(&[self.light]),
-            .fill_from_slice(&[self.light]);
+            wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC,
-        encoder.copy_buffer_to_buffer(&staging_buffer, 0, &self.light_buffer, 0, std::mem::size_of::<Light>() as wgpu::BufferAddress);
+        );
        encoder.copy_buffer_to_buffer(
            &staging_buffer,
            0,
            &self.light_buffer,
            0,
            std::mem::size_of::<Light>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
        );
-        self.queue.submit(&[encoder.finish()]);
+        Some(encoder.finish())
    }
-
+    fn render(
-    fn render(&mut self) {
+        &mut self,
-        let frame = self.swap_chain.get_next_texture();
+        frame: &wgpu::SwapChainOutput,
-
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        let mut encoder = self.device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+    ) -> wgpu::CommandBuffer {
-            todo: 0,
+        let mut encoder =
-        });
+            device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor { label: None });
        {
            let mut render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
-                color_attachments: &[
+                color_attachments: &[wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachmentDescriptor {
-                    wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachmentDescriptor {
+                    attachment: &frame.view,
-                        attachment: &frame.view,
+                    resolve_target: None,
-                        resolve_target: None,
+                    load_op: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear,
-                        load_op: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear,
+                    store_op: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
-                        store_op: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    clear_color: wgpu::Color {
-                        clear_color: wgpu::Color {
+                        r: 0.1,
-                            r: 0.1,
+                        g: 0.2,
-                            g: 0.2,
+                        b: 0.3,
-                            b: 0.3,
+                        a: 1.0,
-                            a: 1.0,
+                    },
-                        },
+                }],
                    }
                ],
                depth_stencil_attachment: Some(wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachmentDescriptor {
                    attachment: &self.depth_texture_view,
                    depth_load_op: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear,
@ -585,42 +565,74 @@ impl State {
                    clear_stencil: 0,
                }),
            });
            render_pass.set_pipeline(&self.light_render_pipeline);
-            render_pass.draw_light_model(&self.obj_model, &self.uniform_bind_group, &self.light_bind_group);
+            render_pass.draw_light_model(
-
+                &self.obj_model,
                &self.uniform_bind_group,
                &self.light_bind_group,
            );
            render_pass.set_pipeline(&self.render_pipeline);
-            render_pass.draw_model_instanced(&self.obj_model, 0..self.instances.len() as u32, &self.uniform_bind_group, &self.light_bind_group);
+            render_pass.draw_model_instanced(
                &self.obj_model,
                0..self.instances.len() as u32,
                &self.uniform_bind_group,
                &self.light_bind_group,
            );
        }
-
+        encoder.finish()
        self.queue.submit(&[
            encoder.finish()
        ]);
    }
 }
-fn main() {
+async fn run_async(event_loop: EventLoop<()>, window: Window) {
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+    let size = window.inner_size();
-    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+    let surface = wgpu::Surface::create(&window);
-        .build(&event_loop)
+    let adapter = wgpu::Adapter::request(
-        .unwrap();
+        &wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
            power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::Default,
            compatible_surface: Some(&surface),
        },
        wgpu::BackendBit::PRIMARY,
    )
    .await
    .unwrap();
    let (device, queue) = adapter
        .request_device(&wgpu::DeviceDescriptor {
            extensions: wgpu::Extensions {
                anisotropic_filtering: false,
            },
            limits: wgpu::Limits::default(),
        })
        .await;
    let mut sc_desc = wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor {
        usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::OUTPUT_ATTACHMENT,
        format: if cfg!(target_arch = "wasm32") {
            wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8Unorm
        } else {
            wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb
        },
        width: size.width,
        height: size.height,
        present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::Mailbox,
    };
    let mut swap_chain = device.create_swap_chain(&surface, &sc_desc);
-    let mut state = State::new(&window);
+    let (mut state, init_cmds_buf) = State::new(&sc_desc, &device);
    if let Some(cmds_buf) = init_cmds_buf {
        queue.submit(&cmds_buf);
    }
    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Poll;
        match event {
            Event::MainEventsCleared => window.request_redraw(),
            Event::WindowEvent {
                ref event,
                window_id,
-            } if window_id == window.id() => if !state.input(event) {
+            } if window_id == window.id() => {
-                match event {
+                if !state.input(event) {
-                    WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                    match event {
-                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-                        input,
+                        WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. } => match input {
                        ..
                    } => {
                        match input {
                            KeyboardInput {
                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
                                virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Escape),
@ -629,22 +641,56 @@ fn main() {
                                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
                            }
                            _ => {}
                        },
                        WindowEvent::Resized(physical_size) => {
                            sc_desc.width = physical_size.width;
                            sc_desc.height = physical_size.height;
                            swap_chain = device.create_swap_chain(&surface, &sc_desc);
                            let cmd_buf = state.resize(&sc_desc, &device);
                            if let Some(cmd_buf) = cmd_buf {
                                queue.submit(&[cmd_buf]);
                            }
                        }
                        WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged { new_inner_size, .. } => {
                            sc_desc.width = new_inner_size.width;
                            sc_desc.height = new_inner_size.height;
                            swap_chain = device.create_swap_chain(&surface, &sc_desc);
                            let cmd_buf = state.resize(&sc_desc, &device);
                            if let Some(cmd_buf) = cmd_buf {
                                queue.submit(&[cmd_buf]);
                            }
                        }
                        _ => {}
                    }
                    WindowEvent::Resized(physical_size) => {
                        state.resize(*physical_size);
                    }
                    WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged { new_inner_size, .. } => {
                        state.resize(**new_inner_size);
                    }
                    _ => {},
                }
            }
-            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+            Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
-                state.update();
+                if let Some(cmd_buf) = state.update(&device) {
-                state.render();
+                    queue.submit(&[cmd_buf]);
                }
                let frame = swap_chain
                    .get_next_texture()
                    .expect("Timeout when acquiring next swap chain texture");
                let command_buf = state.render(&frame, &device);
                queue.submit(&[command_buf]);
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    });
 }
 fn main() {
    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
    let title = "tutorial10-lighting";
    let window = winit::window::WindowBuilder::new()
        .with_title(title)
        .build(&event_loop)
        .unwrap();
    futures::executor::block_on(run_async(event_loop, window));
 }
 #[inline]
 pub fn matrix4f_cast_slice(a: &[Vec<cgmath::Matrix4<f32>>]) -> &[u8] {
    let new_len = a[0].len() * std::mem::size_of::<cgmath::Matrix4<f32>>();
    unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts(a[0].as_ptr() as *const u8, new_len) }
 }
--- a/code/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/src/model.rs
+++ b/code/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/src/model.rs
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::ops::Range;
 use std::path::Path;
 use crate::texture;
@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ pub struct ModelVertex {
    tex_coords: [f32; 2],
    normal: [f32; 3],
 }
 unsafe impl bytemuck::Zeroable for ModelVertex {}
 unsafe impl bytemuck::Pod for ModelVertex {}
 impl Vertex for ModelVertex {
    fn desc<'a>() -> wgpu::VertexBufferDescriptor<'a> {
@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ impl Vertex for ModelVertex {
                    shader_location: 2,
                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float3,
                },
-            ]
+            ],
        }
    }
 }
@ -61,9 +63,12 @@ pub struct Model {
    pub materials: Vec<Material>,
 }
 impl Model {
-    pub fn load<P: AsRef<Path>>(device: &wgpu::Device, layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout, path: P) -> Result<(Self, Vec<wgpu::CommandBuffer>), failure::Error> {
+    pub fn load<P: AsRef<Path>>(
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
        path: P,
    ) -> Result<(Self, Vec<wgpu::CommandBuffer>), failure::Error> {
        let (obj_models, obj_materials) = tobj::load_obj(path.as_ref())?;
        // We're assuming that the texture files are stored with the obj file
@ -75,7 +80,8 @@ impl Model {
        let mut materials = Vec::new();
        for mat in obj_materials {
            let diffuse_path = mat.diffuse_texture;
-            let (diffuse_texture, cmds) = texture::Texture::load(&device, containing_folder.join(diffuse_path))?;
+            let (diffuse_texture, cmds) =
                texture::Texture::load(&device, containing_folder.join(diffuse_path))?;
            let bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
                layout,
@ -88,7 +94,8 @@ impl Model {
                        binding: 1,
                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&diffuse_texture.sampler),
                    },
-                ]
+                ],
                label: None,
            });
            materials.push(Material {
@ -109,10 +116,7 @@ impl Model {
                        m.mesh.positions[i * 3 + 1],
                        m.mesh.positions[i * 3 + 2],
                    ],
-                    tex_coords: [
+                    tex_coords: [m.mesh.texcoords[i * 2], m.mesh.texcoords[i * 2 + 1]],
                        m.mesh.texcoords[i * 2],
                        m.mesh.texcoords[i * 2 + 1],
                    ],
                    normal: [
                        m.mesh.normals[i * 3],
                        m.mesh.normals[i * 3 + 1],
@ -121,13 +125,15 @@ impl Model {
                });
            }
-            let vertex_buffer = device
+            let vertex_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-                .create_buffer_mapped(vertices.len(), wgpu::BufferUsage::VERTEX)
+                bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices),
-                .fill_from_slice(&vertices);
+                wgpu::BufferUsage::VERTEX,
            );
-            let index_buffer = device
+            let index_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-                .create_buffer_mapped(m.mesh.indices.len(), wgpu::BufferUsage::INDEX)
+                bytemuck::cast_slice(&m.mesh.indices),
-                .fill_from_slice(&m.mesh.indices);
+                wgpu::BufferUsage::INDEX,
            );
            meshes.push(Mesh {
                name: m.name,
@ -138,37 +144,91 @@ impl Model {
            });
        }
-        Ok((Self { meshes, materials, }, command_buffers))
+        Ok((Self { meshes, materials }, command_buffers))
    }
 }
-pub trait DrawModel {
+pub trait DrawModel<'a, 'b>
-    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+where
-    fn draw_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_mesh(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        material: &'b Material,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
    fn draw_mesh_instanced(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        material: &'b Material,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
-    fn draw_model(&mut self, model: &Model, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+    fn draw_model(
-    fn draw_model_instanced(&mut self, model: &Model, instances: Range<u32>,  uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
    fn draw_model_instanced(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
 }
-impl<'a> DrawModel for wgpu::RenderPass<'a> {
+impl<'a, 'b> DrawModel<'a, 'b> for wgpu::RenderPass<'a>
-    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+where
    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_mesh(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        material: &'b Material,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.draw_mesh_instanced(mesh, material, 0..1, uniforms, light);
    }
-    fn draw_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_mesh_instanced(
-        self.set_vertex_buffers(0, &[(&mesh.vertex_buffer, 0)]);
+        &mut self,
-        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0);
+        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        material: &'b Material,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.set_vertex_buffer(0, &mesh.vertex_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.set_bind_group(0, &material.bind_group, &[]);
        self.set_bind_group(1, &uniforms, &[]);
        self.set_bind_group(2, &light, &[]);
        self.draw_indexed(0..mesh.num_elements, 0, instances);
    }
-    fn draw_model(&mut self, model: &Model, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_model(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.draw_model_instanced(model, 0..1, uniforms, light);
    }
-    fn draw_model_instanced(&mut self, model: &Model, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_model_instanced(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        for mesh in &model.meshes {
            let material = &model.materials[mesh.material];
            self.draw_mesh_instanced(mesh, material, instances.clone(), uniforms, light);
@ -176,32 +236,82 @@ impl<'a> DrawModel for wgpu::RenderPass<'a> {
    }
 }
-pub trait DrawLight {
+pub trait DrawLight<'a, 'b>
-    fn draw_light_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+where
-    fn draw_light_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_light_mesh(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
    fn draw_light_mesh_instanced(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) where
        'b: 'a;
-    fn draw_light_model(&mut self, model: &Model, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+    fn draw_light_model(
-    fn draw_light_model_instanced(&mut self, model: &Model, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
    fn draw_light_model_instanced(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
 }
-
+impl<'a, 'b> DrawLight<'a, 'b> for wgpu::RenderPass<'a>
-impl<'a> DrawLight for wgpu::RenderPass<'a> {
+where
-    fn draw_light_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_light_mesh(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.draw_light_mesh_instanced(mesh, 0..1, uniforms, light);
    }
-    fn draw_light_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_light_mesh_instanced(
-        self.set_vertex_buffers(0, &[(&mesh.vertex_buffer, 0)]);
+        &mut self,
-        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0);
+        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.set_vertex_buffer(0, &mesh.vertex_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.set_bind_group(0, uniforms, &[]);
        self.set_bind_group(1, light, &[]);
        self.draw_indexed(0..mesh.num_elements, 0, instances);
    }
-    fn draw_light_model(&mut self, model: &Model, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_light_model(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.draw_light_model_instanced(model, 0..1, uniforms, light);
    }
-    fn draw_light_model_instanced(&mut self, model: &Model, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_light_model_instanced(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        for mesh in &model.meshes {
            self.draw_light_mesh_instanced(mesh, instances.clone(), uniforms, light);
        }
--- a/code/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/src/res/cube.mtl
+++ b/code/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/src/res/cube.mtl
@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ Ke 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
 Ni 1.450000
 d 1.000000
 illum 2
-map_Bump /home/benjamin/Downloads/tuto-14-normal.png
+map_Bump cube-normal.png
-map_Kd /home/benjamin/Downloads/tuto-14-diffuse.jpg
+map_Kd cube-diffuse.jpg
--- a/code/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/src/texture.rs
+++ b/code/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/src/texture.rs
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use image::GenericImageView;
 use std::path::Path;
 pub const DEPTH_FORMAT: wgpu::TextureFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float;
 pub struct Texture {
    pub texture: wgpu::Texture,
@ -9,18 +10,30 @@ pub struct Texture {
 }
 impl Texture {
-    pub const DEPTH_FORMAT: wgpu::TextureFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float;
+    pub fn load<P: AsRef<Path>>(
-
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
-    pub fn load<P: AsRef<Path>>(device: &wgpu::Device, path: P) -> Result<(Self, wgpu::CommandBuffer), failure::Error> {
+        path: P,
    ) -> Result<(Self, wgpu::CommandBuffer), failure::Error> {
        let img = image::open(path)?;
        Self::from_image(device, &img)
    }
-    pub fn create_depth_texture(device: &wgpu::Device, sc_desc: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor) -> Self {
+    pub fn create_depth_texture(
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        sc_desc: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor,
    ) -> Self {
        let desc = wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
-            format: Self::DEPTH_FORMAT,
+            label: None,
            size: wgpu::Extent3d {
                width: sc_desc.width,
                height: sc_desc.height,
                depth: 1,
            },
            mip_level_count: 1,
            sample_count: 1,
            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
            format: DEPTH_FORMAT,
            usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::OUTPUT_ATTACHMENT,
            ..sc_desc.to_texture_desc()
        };
        let texture = device.create_texture(&desc);
@ -34,16 +47,32 @@ impl Texture {
            mipmap_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
            lod_min_clamp: -100.0,
            lod_max_clamp: 100.0,
-            compare_function: wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
+            compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
        });
-        Self { texture, view, sampler }
+        Self {
            texture,
            view,
            sampler,
        }
    }
-    pub fn create_render_target(device: &wgpu::Device, sc_desc: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor) -> Self {
+    pub fn create_render_target(
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        sc_desc: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor,
    ) -> Self {
        let desc = wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
            label: None,
            size: wgpu::Extent3d {
                width: sc_desc.width,
                height: sc_desc.height,
                depth: 1,
            },
            mip_level_count: 1,
            sample_count: 1,
            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
            format: sc_desc.format,
            usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::OUTPUT_ATTACHMENT | wgpu::TextureUsage::SAMPLED,
            ..sc_desc.to_texture_desc()
        };
        let texture = device.create_texture(&desc);
@ -57,18 +86,28 @@ impl Texture {
            mipmap_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
            lod_min_clamp: -100.0,
            lod_max_clamp: 100.0,
-            compare_function: wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
+            compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
        });
-        Self { texture, view, sampler }
+        Self {
            texture,
            view,
            sampler,
        }
    }
-    pub fn from_bytes(device: &wgpu::Device, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(Self, wgpu::CommandBuffer), failure::Error> {
+    pub fn from_bytes(
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        bytes: &[u8],
    ) -> Result<(Self, wgpu::CommandBuffer), failure::Error> {
        let img = image::load_from_memory(bytes)?;
        Self::from_image(device, &img)
    }
-    pub fn from_image(device: &wgpu::Device, img: &image::DynamicImage) -> Result<(Self, wgpu::CommandBuffer), failure::Error> {
+    pub fn from_image(
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        img: &image::DynamicImage,
    ) -> Result<(Self, wgpu::CommandBuffer), failure::Error> {
        let rgba = img.to_rgba();
        let dimensions = img.dimensions();
@ -78,8 +117,8 @@ impl Texture {
            depth: 1,
        };
        let texture = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
            label: None,
            size,
            array_layer_count: 1,
            mip_level_count: 1,
            sample_count: 1,
            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
@ -88,8 +127,7 @@ impl Texture {
        });
        let buffer = device
-            .create_buffer_mapped(rgba.len(), wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC)
+            .create_buffer_with_data(bytemuck::cast_slice(&rgba), wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC);
            .fill_from_slice(&rgba);
        let mut encoder = device.create_command_encoder(&Default::default());
@ -97,8 +135,8 @@ impl Texture {
            wgpu::BufferCopyView {
                buffer: &buffer,
                offset: 0,
-                row_pitch: 4 * dimensions.0,
+                bytes_per_row: 4 * dimensions.0,
-                image_height: dimensions.1,
+                rows_per_image: dimensions.1,
            },
            wgpu::TextureCopyView {
                texture: &texture,
@ -121,9 +159,16 @@ impl Texture {
            mipmap_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
            lod_min_clamp: -100.0,
            lod_max_clamp: 100.0,
-            compare_function: wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
+            compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
        });
-        Ok((Self { texture, view, sampler }, cmd_buffer))
+        Ok((
            Self {
                texture,
                view,
                sampler,
            },
            cmd_buffer,
        ))
    }
 }
--- a/docs/beginner/tutorial9-models/README.md
+++ b/docs/beginner/tutorial9-models/README.md
@ -65,9 +65,10 @@ This is basically the same as the original `VertexBufferDescriptor`, but we adde
 ```rust
 let render_pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
    // ...
-    vertex_buffers: &[
+    vertex_state: wgpu::VertexStateDescriptor {
-        model::ModelVertex::desc(),
+        index_format: wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint16,
-    ],
+        vertex_buffers: &[model::ModelVertex::desc()],
    },
    // ...
 });
 ```
@ -133,7 +134,11 @@ With all that out of the way, we can get to loading our model.
 ```rust
 impl Model {
-    pub fn load<P: AsRef<Path>>(device: &wgpu::Device, path: P) -> Result<(Self, Vec<wgpu::CommandBuffer>), failure::Error> {
+    pub fn load<P: AsRef<Path>>(
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
        path: P,
    ) -> Result<(Self, Vec<wgpu::CommandBuffer>), failure::Error> {
        let (obj_models, obj_materials) = tobj::load_obj(path.as_ref())?;
        // We're assuming that the texture files are stored with the obj file
@ -145,7 +150,24 @@ impl Model {
        let mut materials = Vec::new();
        for mat in obj_materials {
            let diffuse_path = mat.diffuse_texture;
-            let (diffuse_texture, cmds) = texture::Texture::load(&device, containing_folder.join(diffuse_path))?;
+            let (diffuse_texture, cmds) =
                texture::Texture::load(&device, containing_folder.join(diffuse_path))?;
            let bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
                layout,
                bindings: &[
                    wgpu::Binding {
                        binding: 0,
                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&diffuse_texture.view),
                    },
                    wgpu::Binding {
                        binding: 1,
                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&diffuse_texture.sampler),
                    },
                ],
                label: None,
            });
            materials.push(Material {
                name: mat.name,
                diffuse_texture,
@ -163,10 +185,7 @@ impl Model {
                        m.mesh.positions[i * 3 + 1],
                        m.mesh.positions[i * 3 + 2],
                    ],
-                    tex_coords: [
+                    tex_coords: [m.mesh.texcoords[i * 2], m.mesh.texcoords[i * 2 + 1]],
                        m.mesh.texcoords[i * 2],
                        m.mesh.texcoords[i * 2 + 1],
                    ],
                    normal: [
                        m.mesh.normals[i * 3],
                        m.mesh.normals[i * 3 + 1],
@ -175,13 +194,14 @@ impl Model {
                });
            }
-            let vertex_buffer = device
+            let vertex_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-                .create_buffer_mapped(vertices.len(), wgpu::BufferUsage::VERTEX)
+                bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices),
-                .fill_from_slice(&vertices);
+                wgpu::BufferUsage::VERTEX,
-
+            );
-            let index_buffer = device
+            let index_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-                .create_buffer_mapped(m.mesh.indices.len(), wgpu::BufferUsage::INDEX)
+                bytemuck::cast_slice(&m.mesh.indices),
-                .fill_from_slice(&m.mesh.indices);
+                wgpu::BufferUsage::INDEX,
            );
            meshes.push(Mesh {
                name: m.name,
@ -192,7 +212,7 @@ impl Model {
            });
        }
-        Ok((Self { meshes, materials, }, command_buffers))
+        Ok((Self { meshes, materials }, command_buffers))
    }
 }
 ```
@ -202,8 +222,10 @@ Make sure that you change the `IndexFormat` that the `RenderPipeline` uses from
 ```rust
 let render_pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
    // ...
-    index_format: wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32,
+    vertex_state: wgpu::VertexStateDescriptor {
-    // ...
+        index_format: wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32,
        vertex_buffers: &[model::ModelVertex::desc()],
    },    // ...
 });
 ```
@ -212,19 +234,32 @@ let render_pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescrip
 Before we can draw the model, we need to be able to draw an individual mesh. Let's create a trait called `DrawModel`, and implement it for `RenderPass`.
 ```rust
-pub trait DrawModel {
+pub trait DrawModel<'a, 'b>
-    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh);
+where
-    fn draw_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, instances: Range<u32>);
+    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &'b Mesh);
    fn draw_mesh_instanced(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        instances: Range<u32>,
    );
 }
-
+impl<'a, 'b> DrawModel<'a, 'b> for wgpu::RenderPass<'a>
-impl<'a> DrawModel for wgpu::RenderPass<'a> {
+where
-    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh) {
+    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &'b Mesh) {
        self.draw_mesh_instanced(mesh, 0..1);
    }
-    fn draw_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, instances: Range<u32>) {
+    fn draw_mesh_instanced(
-        self.set_vertex_buffers(0, &[(&mesh.vertex_buffer, 0)]);
+        &mut self,
-        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0);
+        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        instances: Range<u32>,
    ){
        self.set_vertex_buffer(0, &mesh.vertex_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.draw_indexed(0..mesh.num_elements, 0, instances);
    }
 }
@ -246,7 +281,6 @@ Before that though we need to actually load the model and save it to `State`. Pu
 ```rust
 let (obj_model, cmds) = model::Model::load(&device, "code/beginner/tutorial9-models/src/res/cube.obj").unwrap();
 queue.submit(&cmds);
 ```
 The path to the obj will be different for you, so keep that in mind.
@ -299,22 +333,39 @@ pub struct Material {
 We're going to add a material parameter to `DrawModel`.
 ```rust
-pub trait DrawModel {
+pub trait DrawModel<'a, 'b>
-    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+where
-    fn draw_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &'b Mesh, material: &'b Material, uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup);
    fn draw_mesh_instanced(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        material: &'b Material,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
 }
-impl<'a> DrawModel for wgpu::RenderPass<'a> {
+impl<'a, 'b> DrawModel<'a, 'b> for wgpu::RenderPass<'a>
-    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+where
    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &'b Mesh, material: &'b Material, uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup) {
        self.draw_mesh_instanced(mesh, material, 0..1, uniforms);
    }
-    fn draw_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_mesh_instanced(
-        self.set_vertex_buffers(0, &[(&mesh.vertex_buffer, 0)]);
+        &mut self,
-        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0);
+        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        material: &'b Material,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.set_vertex_buffer(0, &mesh.vertex_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.set_bind_group(0, &material.bind_group, &[]);
        // Do to a bug in 0.4, we need to pass in the uniforms and bind them here.
        // This will be fixed in 0.5
        self.set_bind_group(1, &uniforms, &[]);
        self.draw_indexed(0..mesh.num_elements, 0, instances);
    }
@ -340,21 +391,34 @@ With all that in place we should get the following.
 Right now we are specifying the mesh and the material directly. This is useful if we want to draw a mesh with a different material. We're also not rendering other parts of the model (if we had some). Let's create a method for `DrawModel` that will draw all the parts of the model with their respective materials.
 ```rust
-pub trait DrawModel {
+pub trait DrawModel<'a, 'b>
 where
    'b: 'a,
 {
    // ...
-
+    fn draw_model(&mut self, model: &'b Model, uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup);
-    fn draw_model(&mut self, model: &Model, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+    fn draw_model_instanced(
-    fn draw_model_instanced(&mut self, model: &Model, instances: Range<u32>,  uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
 }
-impl<'a> DrawModel for wgpu::RenderPass<'a> {
+impl<'a, 'b> DrawModel<'a, 'b> for wgpu::RenderPass<'a>
 where
    'b: 'a, {
    // ...
-
+    fn draw_model(&mut self, model: &'b Model, uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup) {
    fn draw_model(&mut self, model: &Model, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
        self.draw_model_instanced(model, 0..1, uniforms);
    }
-    fn draw_model_instanced(&mut self, model: &Model, instances: Range<u32>,  uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_model_instanced(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        for mesh in &model.meshes {
            let material = &model.materials[mesh.material];
            self.draw_mesh_instanced(mesh, material, instances.clone(), uniforms);
--- a/docs/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/README.md
+++ b/docs/intermediate/tutorial10-lighting/README.md
@ -42,39 +42,39 @@ let light = Light {
    _padding: 0,
    color: (1.0, 1.0, 1.0).into(),
 };
-
+//If we want to use bytemuck, we must first implement these two traits
-let light_buffer = device
+unsafe impl bytemuck::Zeroable for Light {}
-    // We'll want to update our lights position, so we use COPY_DST
+unsafe impl bytemuck::Pod for Light {}
-    .create_buffer_mapped(1, wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_DST)
+ // We'll want to update our lights position, so we use COPY_DST
-    .fill_from_slice(&[light]);
+let light_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
    bytemuck::cast_slice(&[light]),
    wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_DST,
 );
 ```
 Don't forget to add the `light` and `light_buffer` to `State`. After that we need to create a bind group layout and bind group for our light.
 ```rust
-let light_bind_group_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+let light_bind_group_layout =
-    bindings: &[
+    device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
-        wgpu::BindGroupLayoutBinding {
+        bindings: &[wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
            binding: 0,
            visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX | wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
-            ty: wgpu::BindingType::UniformBuffer { 
+            ty: wgpu::BindingType::UniformBuffer { dynamic: false },
-                dynamic: false 
+        }],
-            },
+        label: None,
-        }
+    });
    ],
 });
 let light_bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
    layout: &light_bind_group_layout,
-    bindings: &[
+    bindings: &[wgpu::Binding {
-        wgpu::Binding {
+        binding: 0,
-            binding: 0,
+        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer {
-            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer {
+            buffer: &light_buffer,
-                buffer: &light_buffer,
+            range: 0..std::mem::size_of_val(&light) as wgpu::BufferAddress,
-                range: 0..std::mem::size_of_val(&light) as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+        },
-            }
+    }],
-        }
+    label: None,
    ],
 });
 ```
@ -97,9 +97,10 @@ Let's also update the lights position in the `update()` method, so we can see wh
 let old_position = self.light.position;
 self.light.position = cgmath::Quaternion::from_axis_angle((0.0, 1.0, 0.0).into(), cgmath::Deg(1.0)) * old_position;
-let staging_buffer = self.device
+let staging_buffer = device.create_buffer_with_data(
-    .create_buffer_mapped(1, wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC)
+    bytemuck::cast_slice(&[self.light]),
-    .fill_from_slice(&[self.light]);
+    wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC,
 );
 encoder.copy_buffer_to_buffer(&staging_buffer, 0, &self.light_buffer, 0, std::mem::size_of::<Light>() as wgpu::BufferAddress);
 ```
@ -164,11 +165,13 @@ fn create_render_pipeline(
                stencil_write_mask: 0,
            }
        }),
        index_format: wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32,
        vertex_buffers: vertex_descs,
        sample_count: 1,
        sample_mask: !0,
        alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
        vertex_state: wgpu::VertexStateDescriptor {
            index_format: wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32,
            vertex_buffers: vertex_descs,
        },
    })
 }
 ```
@ -184,7 +187,7 @@ let render_pipeline = {
        &device, 
        &render_pipeline_layout, 
        sc_desc.format,
-        Some(DEPTH_FORMAT),
+        Some(texture::DEPTH_FORMAT),
        &[model::ModelVertex::desc()],
        vs_src, 
        fs_src
@ -195,33 +198,87 @@ let render_pipeline = {
 We're going to need to modify `model::DrawModel` to use our `light_bind_group`.
 ```rust
-pub trait DrawModel {
+pub trait DrawModel<'a, 'b>
-    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+where
-    fn draw_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_mesh(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        material: &'b Material,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
    fn draw_mesh_instanced(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        material: &'b Material,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
-    fn draw_model(&mut self, model: &Model, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+    fn draw_model(
-    fn draw_model_instanced(&mut self, model: &Model, instances: Range<u32>,  uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
    fn draw_model_instanced(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
 }
-impl<'a> DrawModel for wgpu::RenderPass<'a> {
+impl<'a, 'b> DrawModel<'a, 'b> for wgpu::RenderPass<'a>
-    fn draw_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+where
    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_mesh(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        material: &'b Material,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.draw_mesh_instanced(mesh, material, 0..1, uniforms, light);
    }
-    fn draw_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, material: &Material, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_mesh_instanced(
-        self.set_vertex_buffers(0, &[(&mesh.vertex_buffer, 0)]);
+        &mut self,
-        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0);
+        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        material: &'b Material,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.set_vertex_buffer(0, &mesh.vertex_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.set_bind_group(0, &material.bind_group, &[]);
        self.set_bind_group(1, &uniforms, &[]);
        self.set_bind_group(2, &light, &[]);
        self.draw_indexed(0..mesh.num_elements, 0, instances);
    }
-    fn draw_model(&mut self, model: &Model, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_model(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.draw_model_instanced(model, 0..1, uniforms, light);
    }
-    fn draw_model_instanced(&mut self, model: &Model, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_model_instanced(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        for mesh in &model.meshes {
            let material = &model.materials[mesh.material];
            self.draw_mesh_instanced(mesh, material, instances.clone(), uniforms, light);
@ -248,7 +305,7 @@ let light_render_pipeline = {
        &device, 
        &layout, 
        sc_desc.format, 
-        Some(DEPTH_FORMAT), 
+        Some(texture::DEPTH_FORMAT), 
        &[model::ModelVertex::desc()], 
        vs_src, 
        fs_src,
@ -305,32 +362,82 @@ void main() {
 Now we could manually implement the draw code for the light in `render()`, but to keep with the pattern we developed, let's create a new trait called `DrawLight`.
 ```rust
-pub trait DrawLight {
+pub trait DrawLight<'a, 'b>
-    fn draw_light_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+where
-    fn draw_light_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_light_mesh(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
    fn draw_light_mesh_instanced(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) where
        'b: 'a;
-    fn draw_light_model(&mut self, model: &Model, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+    fn draw_light_model(
-    fn draw_light_model_instanced(&mut self, model: &Model, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup);
+        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
    fn draw_light_model_instanced(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    );
 }
-
+impl<'a, 'b> DrawLight<'a, 'b> for wgpu::RenderPass<'a>
-impl<'a> DrawLight for wgpu::RenderPass<'a> {
+where
-    fn draw_light_mesh(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    'b: 'a,
 {
    fn draw_light_mesh(
        &mut self,
        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.draw_light_mesh_instanced(mesh, 0..1, uniforms, light);
    }
-    fn draw_light_mesh_instanced(&mut self, mesh: &Mesh, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_light_mesh_instanced(
-        self.set_vertex_buffers(0, &[(&mesh.vertex_buffer, 0)]);
+        &mut self,
-        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0);
+        mesh: &'b Mesh,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.set_vertex_buffer(0, &mesh.vertex_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.set_index_buffer(&mesh.index_buffer, 0, 0);
        self.set_bind_group(0, uniforms, &[]);
        self.set_bind_group(1, light, &[]);
        self.draw_indexed(0..mesh.num_elements, 0, instances);
    }
-    fn draw_light_model(&mut self, model: &Model, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_light_model(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        self.draw_light_model_instanced(model, 0..1, uniforms, light);
    }
-    fn draw_light_model_instanced(&mut self, model: &Model, instances: Range<u32>, uniforms: &wgpu::BindGroup, light: &wgpu::BindGroup) {
+    fn draw_light_model_instanced(
        &mut self,
        model: &'b Model,
        instances: Range<u32>,
        uniforms: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
        light: &'b wgpu::BindGroup,
    ) {
        for mesh in &model.meshes {
            self.draw_light_mesh_instanced(mesh, instances.clone(), uniforms, light);
        }
@ -513,7 +620,9 @@ struct Uniforms {
    view_position: cgmath::Vector4<f32>,
    view_proj: cgmath::Matrix4<f32>,
 }
-
+//If we want to use bytemuck, we must first implement these two traits
 unsafe impl bytemuck::Zeroable for Uniforms {}
 unsafe impl bytemuck::Pod for Uniforms {}
 impl Uniforms {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
@ -547,7 +656,8 @@ let uniform_bind_group_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroup
            },
        },
        // ...
-    ]
+    ],
    label: None,
 });
 ```