learn-wgpu/code/beginner/tutorial5-textures/src/challenge.rs

use winit::{
    event::*,
    event_loop::{EventLoop, ControlFlow},
    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
};

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
struct Vertex {
    position: [f32; 3],
    tex_coords: [f32; 2],
}

impl Vertex {
    fn desc<'a>() -> wgpu::VertexBufferDescriptor<'a> {
        use std::mem;
        wgpu::VertexBufferDescriptor {
            stride: mem::size_of::<Vertex>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
            step_mode: wgpu::InputStepMode::Vertex,
            attributes: &[
                wgpu::VertexAttributeDescriptor {
                    offset: 0,
                    shader_location: 0,
                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float3,
                },
                wgpu::VertexAttributeDescriptor {
                    offset: mem::size_of::<[f32; 3]>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
                    shader_location: 1,
                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float2,
                },
            ]
        }
    }
}

const VERTICES: &[Vertex] = &[
    Vertex { position: [-0.0868241, -0.49240386, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.4131759, 0.00759614], }, // A
    Vertex { position: [-0.49513406, -0.06958647, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.0048659444, 0.43041354], }, // B
    Vertex { position: [-0.21918549, 0.44939706, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.28081453, 0.949397057], }, // C
    Vertex { position: [0.35966998, 0.3473291, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.85967, 0.84732911], }, // D
    Vertex { position: [0.44147372, -0.2347359, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.9414737, 0.2652641], }, // E
];

const INDICES: &[u16] = &[
    0, 1, 4,
    1, 2, 4,
    2, 3, 4,
];


pub struct Texture {
    pub texture: wgpu::Texture,
    pub view: wgpu::TextureView,
    pub sampler: wgpu::Sampler,
    pub bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
}

impl Texture {
    pub fn from_bytes(
        device: &wgpu::Device, 
        queue: &mut wgpu::Queue, 
        layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
        data: &[u8],
    ) -> Self {
        let image = image::load_from_memory(data).unwrap();
        let rgba = image.as_rgba8().unwrap();

        use image::GenericImageView;
        let dimensions = image.dimensions();

        let size3d = wgpu::Extent3d {
            width: dimensions.0,
            height: dimensions.1,
            depth: 1,
        };
        let texture = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
            size: size3d,
            array_layer_count: 1,
            mip_level_count: 1,
            sample_count: 1,
            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb,
            usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::SAMPLED | wgpu::TextureUsage::COPY_DST,
        });

        let diffuse_buffer = device
            .create_buffer_mapped(rgba.len(), wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC)
            .fill_from_slice(&rgba);

        let mut encoder = device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
            todo: 0,
        });

        encoder.copy_buffer_to_texture(
            wgpu::BufferCopyView {
                buffer: &diffuse_buffer,
                offset: 0,
                row_pitch: 4 * dimensions.0,
                image_height: dimensions.1,
            }, 
            wgpu::TextureCopyView {
                texture: &texture,
                mip_level: 0,
                array_layer: 0,
                origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
            }, 
            size3d,
        );

        queue.submit(&[encoder.finish()]);

        let view = texture.create_default_view();
        let sampler = device.create_sampler(&wgpu::SamplerDescriptor {
            address_mode_u: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
            address_mode_v: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
            address_mode_w: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
            mag_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Linear,
            min_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
            mipmap_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
            lod_min_clamp: -100.0,
            lod_max_clamp: 100.0,
            compare_function: wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
        });

        let bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
            layout: &layout,
            bindings: &[
                wgpu::Binding {
                    binding: 0,
                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&view),
                },
                wgpu::Binding {
                    binding: 1,
                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&sampler),
                }
            ],
        });
        
        Self {
            texture,
            view,
            sampler,
            bind_group,
        }
    }
}

struct State {
    surface: wgpu::Surface,
    device: wgpu::Device,
    queue: wgpu::Queue,
    sc_desc: wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor,
    swap_chain: wgpu::SwapChain,

    render_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,

    vertex_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
    index_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
    num_indices: u32,

    diffuse_texture: Texture,
    cartoon_texture: Texture,

    size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>,

    is_space_pressed: bool,
}

impl State {
    fn new(window: &Window) -> Self {
        let size = window.inner_size();

        let surface = wgpu::Surface::create(window);

        let adapter = wgpu::Adapter::request(&wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
            ..Default::default()
        }).unwrap();

        let (device, mut queue) = adapter.request_device(&wgpu::DeviceDescriptor {
            extensions: wgpu::Extensions {
                anisotropic_filtering: false,
            },
            limits: Default::default(),
        });

        let sc_desc = wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor {
            usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::OUTPUT_ATTACHMENT,
            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb,
            width: size.width,
            height: size.height,
            present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::Vsync,
        };
        let swap_chain = device.create_swap_chain(&surface, &sc_desc);

        let texture_bind_group_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
            bindings: &[
                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutBinding {
                    binding: 0,
                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::SampledTexture {
                        multisampled: false,
                        dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
                    },
                },
                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutBinding {
                    binding: 1,
                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler,
                },
            ],
        });

        let diffuse_bytes = include_bytes!("happy-tree.png");
        let diffuse_texture = Texture::from_bytes(
            &device,
            &mut queue,
            &texture_bind_group_layout,
            diffuse_bytes,
        );

        let cartoon_bytes = include_bytes!("happy-tree-cartoon.png");
        let cartoon_texture = Texture::from_bytes(
            &device,
            &mut queue,
            &texture_bind_group_layout,
            cartoon_bytes,
        );

        let vs_src = include_str!("shader.vert");
        let fs_src = include_str!("shader.frag");
        let vs_spirv = glsl_to_spirv::compile(vs_src, glsl_to_spirv::ShaderType::Vertex).unwrap();
        let fs_spirv = glsl_to_spirv::compile(fs_src, glsl_to_spirv::ShaderType::Fragment).unwrap();
        let vs_data = wgpu::read_spirv(vs_spirv).unwrap();
        let fs_data = wgpu::read_spirv(fs_spirv).unwrap();
        let vs_module = device.create_shader_module(&vs_data);
        let fs_module = device.create_shader_module(&fs_data);

        let render_pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
            bind_group_layouts: &[&texture_bind_group_layout],
        });

        let render_pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
            layout: &render_pipeline_layout,
            vertex_stage: wgpu::ProgrammableStageDescriptor {
                module: &vs_module,
                entry_point: "main",
            },
            fragment_stage: Some(wgpu::ProgrammableStageDescriptor {
                module: &fs_module,
                entry_point: "main",
            }),
            rasterization_state: Some(wgpu::RasterizationStateDescriptor {
                front_face: wgpu::FrontFace::Ccw,
                cull_mode: wgpu::CullMode::Back,
                depth_bias: 0,
                depth_bias_slope_scale: 0.0,
                depth_bias_clamp: 0.0,
            }),
            primitive_topology: wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleList,
            color_states: &[
                wgpu::ColorStateDescriptor {
                    format: sc_desc.format,
                    color_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
                    alpha_blend: wgpu::BlendDescriptor::REPLACE,
                    write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrite::ALL,
                },
            ],
            depth_stencil_state: None,
            index_format: wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint16,
            vertex_buffers: &[
                Vertex::desc(),
            ],
            sample_count: 1,
            sample_mask: !0,
            alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
        });

        let vertex_buffer = device
            .create_buffer_mapped(VERTICES.len(), wgpu::BufferUsage::VERTEX)
            .fill_from_slice(VERTICES);
        let index_buffer = device
            .create_buffer_mapped(INDICES.len(), wgpu::BufferUsage::INDEX)
            .fill_from_slice(INDICES);
        let num_indices = INDICES.len() as u32;

        Self {
            surface,
            device,
            queue,
            sc_desc,
            swap_chain,
            render_pipeline,
            vertex_buffer,
            index_buffer,
            num_indices,
            diffuse_texture,
            cartoon_texture,
            size,
            is_space_pressed: false,
        }
    }


    fn resize(&mut self, new_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>) {
        self.size = new_size;
        self.sc_desc.width = new_size.width;
        self.sc_desc.height = new_size.height;
        self.swap_chain = self.device.create_swap_chain(&self.surface, &self.sc_desc);
    }

    fn input(&mut self, event: &WindowEvent) -> bool {
        match event {
            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                input: KeyboardInput {
                    state,
                    virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Space),
                    ..
                },
                ..
            } => {
                self.is_space_pressed = *state == ElementState::Pressed;
                true
            }
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    fn update(&mut self) {

    }

    fn render(&mut self) {
        let frame = self.swap_chain.get_next_texture();

        let mut encoder = self.device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
            todo: 0,
        });

        {
            let mut render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
                color_attachments: &[
                    wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachmentDescriptor {
                        attachment: &frame.view,
                        resolve_target: None,
                        load_op: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear,
                        store_op: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
                        clear_color: wgpu::Color {
                            r: 0.1,
                            g: 0.2,
                            b: 0.3,
                            a: 1.0,
                        },
                    }
                ],
                depth_stencil_attachment: None,
            });

            let texture = if self.is_space_pressed {
                &self.cartoon_texture
            } else {
                &self.diffuse_texture
            };

            render_pass.set_pipeline(&self.render_pipeline);
            render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &texture.bind_group, &[]);
            render_pass.set_vertex_buffers(0, &[(&self.vertex_buffer, 0)]);
            render_pass.set_index_buffer(&self.index_buffer, 0);
            render_pass.draw_indexed(0..self.num_indices, 0, 0..1);
        }

        self.queue.submit(&[
            encoder.finish()
        ]);
    }
}

fn main() {
    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
        .build(&event_loop)
        .unwrap();

    let mut state = State::new(&window);
    
    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
        match event {
            Event::WindowEvent {
                ref event,
                window_id,
            } if window_id == window.id() => if state.input(event) {
                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
            } else { 
                match event {
                    WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                        input,
                        ..
                    } => {
                        match input {
                            KeyboardInput {
                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
                                virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Escape),
                                ..
                            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
                            _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
                        }
                    }
                    WindowEvent::Resized(physical_size) => {
                        state.resize(*physical_size);
                        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
                    }
                    WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged { new_inner_size, .. } => {
                        state.resize(**new_inner_size);
                        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
                    }
                    _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
                }
            }
            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
                state.update();
                state.render();
                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
            }
            _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
        }
    });
}