langchain/docs/extras/modules/chains/additional/graph_sparql_qa.ipynb
felixocker db98c44f8f
Support for SPARQL (#7165)
# [SPARQL](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/) for
[LangChain](https://github.com/hwchase17/langchain)

## Description
LangChain support for knowledge graphs relying on W3C standards using
RDFlib: SPARQL/ RDF(S)/ OWL with special focus on RDF \
* Works with local files, files from the web, and SPARQL endpoints
* Supports both SELECT and UPDATE queries
* Includes both a Jupyter notebook with an example and integration tests

## Contribution compared to related PRs and discussions
* [Wikibase agent](https://github.com/hwchase17/langchain/pull/2690) -
uses SPARQL, but specifically for wikibase querying
* [Cypher qa](https://github.com/hwchase17/langchain/pull/5078) - graph
DB question answering for Neo4J via Cypher
* [PR 6050](https://github.com/hwchase17/langchain/pull/6050) - tries
something similar, but does not cover UPDATE queries and supports only
RDF
* Discussions on [w3c mailing list](mailto:semantic-web@w3.org) related
to the combination of LLMs (specifically ChatGPT) and knowledge graphs

## Dependencies
* [RDFlib](https://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib)

## Tag maintainer
Graph database related to memory -> @hwchase17
2023-07-05 13:00:16 -04:00

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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c94240f5",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# GraphSparqlQAChain\n",
"\n",
"Graph databases are an excellent choice for applications based on network-like models. To standardize the syntax and semantics of such graphs, the W3C recommends Semantic Web Technologies, cp. [Semantic Web](https://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/). [SPARQL](https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/) serves as a query language analogously to SQL or Cypher for these graphs. This notebook demonstrates the application of LLMs as a natural language interface to a graph database by generating SPARQL.\\\n",
"Disclaimer: To date, SPARQL query generation via LLMs is still a bit unstable. Be especially careful with UPDATE queries, which alter the graph."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "dbc0ee68",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"There are several sources you can run queries against, including files on the web, files you have available locally, SPARQL endpoints, e.g., [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page), and [triple stores](https://www.w3.org/wiki/LargeTripleStores)."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"id": "62812aad",
"metadata": {
"pycharm": {
"is_executing": true
}
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI\n",
"from langchain.chains import GraphSparqlQAChain\n",
"from langchain.graphs import RdfGraph"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"id": "0928915d",
"metadata": {
"pycharm": {
"is_executing": true
}
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"graph = RdfGraph(\n",
" source_file=\"http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/card\",\n",
" standard=\"rdf\",\n",
" local_copy=\"test.ttl\",\n",
")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"Note that providing a `local_file` is necessary for storing changes locally if the source is read-only."
],
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
}
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "58c1a8ea",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Refresh graph schema information\n",
"If the schema of the database changes, you can refresh the schema information needed to generate SPARQL queries."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"id": "4e3de44f",
"metadata": {
"pycharm": {
"is_executing": true
}
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"graph.load_schema()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"id": "1fe76ccd",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"In the following, each IRI is followed by the local name and optionally its description in parentheses. \n",
"The RDF graph supports the following node types:\n",
"<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/PersonalProfileDocument> (PersonalProfileDocument, None), <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/cert#RSAPublicKey> (RSAPublicKey, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#Male> (Male, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> (Person, None), <http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#Work> (Work, None)\n",
"The RDF graph supports the following relationships:\n",
"<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso> (seeAlso, None), <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> (title, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mbox_sha1sum> (mbox_sha1sum, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/maker> (maker, None), <http://www.w3.org/ns/solid/terms#oidcIssuer> (oidcIssuer, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#publicHomePage> (publicHomePage, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/openid> (openid, None), <http://www.w3.org/ns/pim/space#storage> (storage, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> (name, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#country> (country, None), <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> (type, None), <http://www.w3.org/ns/solid/terms#profileHighlightColor> (profileHighlightColor, None), <http://www.w3.org/ns/pim/space#preferencesFile> (preferencesFile, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> (label, None), <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/cert#modulus> (modulus, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#participant> (participant, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#street2> (street2, None), <http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#locality> (locality, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nick> (nick, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage> (homepage, None), <http://creativecommons.org/ns#license> (license, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenname> (givenname, None), <http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#street-address> (street-address, None), <http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#postal-code> (postal-code, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#street> (street, None), <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#lat> (lat, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/primaryTopic> (primaryTopic, None), <http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#fn> (fn, None), <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#location> (location, None), <http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#developer> (developer, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#city> (city, None), <http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#region> (region, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/member> (member, None), <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#long> (long, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#address> (address, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/family_name> (family_name, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/account> (account, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/workplaceHomepage> (workplaceHomepage, None), <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> (title, None), <http://www.w3.org/ns/solid/terms#publicTypeIndex> (publicTypeIndex, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#office> (office, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#homePage> (homePage, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mbox> (mbox, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#preferredURI> (preferredURI, None), <http://www.w3.org/ns/solid/terms#profileBackgroundColor> (profileBackgroundColor, None), <http://schema.org/owns> (owns, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/based_near> (based_near, None), <http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#hasAddress> (hasAddress, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/img> (img, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#assistant> (assistant, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/title> (title, None), <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/cert#key> (key, None), <http://www.w3.org/ns/ldp#inbox> (inbox, None), <http://www.w3.org/ns/solid/terms#editableProfile> (editableProfile, None), <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#postalCode> (postalCode, None), <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/weblog> (weblog, None), <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/cert#exponent> (exponent, None), <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#avatar> (avatar, None)\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"graph.get_schema"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "68a3c677",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Querying the graph\n",
"\n",
"Now, you can use the graph SPARQL QA chain to ask questions about the graph."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"id": "7476ce98",
"metadata": {
"pycharm": {
"is_executing": true
}
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"chain = GraphSparqlQAChain.from_llm(\n",
" ChatOpenAI(temperature=0), graph=graph, verbose=True\n",
")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"id": "ef8ee27b",
"metadata": {
"pycharm": {
"is_executing": true
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"\n",
"\n",
"\u001B[1m> Entering new GraphSparqlQAChain chain...\u001B[0m\n",
"Identified intent:\n",
"\u001B[32;1m\u001B[1;3mSELECT\u001B[0m\n",
"Generated SPARQL:\n",
"\u001B[32;1m\u001B[1;3mPREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>\n",
"SELECT ?homepage\n",
"WHERE {\n",
" ?person foaf:name \"Tim Berners-Lee\" .\n",
" ?person foaf:workplaceHomepage ?homepage .\n",
"}\u001B[0m\n",
"Full Context:\n",
"\u001B[32;1m\u001B[1;3m[]\u001B[0m\n",
"\n",
"\u001B[1m> Finished chain.\u001B[0m\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Tim Berners-Lee's work homepage is http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/.\""
]
},
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"chain.run(\"What is Tim Berners-Lee's work homepage?\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "af4b3294",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Updating the graph\n",
"\n",
"Analogously, you can update the graph, i.e., insert triples, using natural language."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"id": "fdf38841",
"metadata": {
"pycharm": {
"is_executing": true
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"\n",
"\n",
"\u001B[1m> Entering new GraphSparqlQAChain chain...\u001B[0m\n",
"Identified intent:\n",
"\u001B[32;1m\u001B[1;3mUPDATE\u001B[0m\n",
"Generated SPARQL:\n",
"\u001B[32;1m\u001B[1;3mPREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>\n",
"INSERT {\n",
" ?person foaf:workplaceHomepage <http://www.w3.org/foo/bar/> .\n",
"}\n",
"WHERE {\n",
" ?person foaf:name \"Timothy Berners-Lee\" .\n",
"}\u001B[0m\n",
"\n",
"\u001B[1m> Finished chain.\u001B[0m\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Successfully inserted triples into the graph.'"
]
},
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"chain.run(\"Save that the person with the name 'Timothy Berners-Lee' has a work homepage at 'http://www.w3.org/foo/bar/'\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "5e0f7fc1",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Let's verify the results:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"id": "f874171b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[(rdflib.term.URIRef('https://www.w3.org/'),),\n",
" (rdflib.term.URIRef('http://www.w3.org/foo/bar/'),)]"
]
},
"execution_count": 15,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"query = (\n",
" \"\"\"PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>\\n\"\"\"\n",
" \"\"\"SELECT ?hp\\n\"\"\"\n",
" \"\"\"WHERE {\\n\"\"\"\n",
" \"\"\" ?person foaf:name \"Timothy Berners-Lee\" . \\n\"\"\"\n",
" \"\"\" ?person foaf:workplaceHomepage ?hp .\\n\"\"\"\n",
" \"\"\"}\"\"\"\n",
")\n",
"graph.query(query)"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "lc",
"language": "python",
"name": "lc"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.11.4"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}