input-remapper/keymapper/X.py

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# key-mapper - GUI for device specific keyboard mappings
# Copyright (C) 2020 sezanzeb <proxima@hip70890b.de>
#
# This file is part of key-mapper.
#
# key-mapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# key-mapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with key-mapper.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.


"""Stuff that interacts with the X Server, be it commands or config files.

TODO create a base class to standardize the interface if a different
  display server should be supported. Or does wayland use the same
  config files?

Resources:
[1] https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Keyboard_input
[2] http://people.uleth.ca/~daniel.odonnell/Blog/custom-keyboard-in-linuxx11
[3] https://www.x.org/releases/X11R7.7/doc/xorg-docs/input/XKB-Enhancing.html
"""


import os
import re
import shutil
import subprocess

from keymapper.paths import get_home_path, get_usr_path, KEYCODES_PATH, \
    CONFIG_PATH, SYMBOLS_PATH
from keymapper.logger import logger
from keymapper.data import get_data_path
from keymapper.linux import get_devices


class Mapping:
    """Contains and manages mappings.

    The keycode is always unique, multiple keycodes may map to the same
    character.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        self._mapping = {}
        self.changed = False

    def __iter__(self):
        """Iterate over tuples of unique keycodes and their character."""
        return iter(self._mapping.items())

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._mapping)

    def load(self, device, preset):
        """Parse the X config to replace the current mapping with that one."""
        path = get_home_path(device, preset)

        if not os.path.exists(path):
            logger.debug(
                'Tried to load non existing preset "%s" for %s',
                preset, device
            )
            self._mapping = {}
            return

        with open(path, 'r') as f:
            # from "key <12> { [ 1 ] };" extract 12 and 1,
            # avoid lines that start with special characters
            # (might be comments)
            result = re.findall(r'\n\s+?key <(.+?)>.+?\[\s+(\w+)', f.read())
            logger.debug('Found %d mappings in this preset', len(result))
            self._mapping = {
                int(keycode): character
                for keycode, character
                in result
            }

        self.changed = False

    def change(self, previous_keycode, new_keycode, character):
        """Replace the mapping of a keycode with a different one.

        Return True on success.

        Parameters
        ----------
        previous_keycode : int or None
            If None, will not remove any previous mapping.
        new_keycode : int
        character : string
        """
        try:
            new_keycode = int(new_keycode)
        except ValueError:
            logger.error('Cannot use %s as keycode', new_keycode)
            return False

        if previous_keycode is not None:
            try:
                previous_keycode = int(previous_keycode)
            except ValueError:
                logger.error('Cannot use %s as keycode', previous_keycode)
                return False

        if new_keycode and character:
            self._mapping[new_keycode] = str(character)
            if new_keycode != previous_keycode:
                # clear previous mapping of that code, because the line
                # representing that one will now represent a different one.
                self.clear(previous_keycode)
            self.changed = True
            return True

        return False

    def clear(self, keycode):
        """Remove a keycode from the mapping.

        Parameters
        ----------
        keycode : int
        """
        if self._mapping.get(keycode) is not None:
            del self._mapping[keycode]
            self.changed = True

    def empty(self):
        """Remove all mappings."""
        self._mapping = {}
        self.changed = True

    def get(self, keycode):
        """Read the character that is mapped to this keycode.

        Parameters
        ----------
        keycode : int
        """
        return self._mapping.get(keycode)


# one mapping object for the whole application
mapping = Mapping()


def ensure_symlink():
    """Make sure the symlink exists.

    It provides the configs in /home to X11 in /usr.
    """
    if not os.path.exists(SYMBOLS_PATH):
        # link from /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/key-mapper/user to
        # /home/user/.config/key-mapper
        logger.info('Linking "%s" to "%s"', SYMBOLS_PATH, CONFIG_PATH)
        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(SYMBOLS_PATH), exist_ok=True)
        os.symlink(CONFIG_PATH, SYMBOLS_PATH, target_is_directory=True)


def create_preset(device, name=None):
    """Create an empty preset and return the name."""
    if name is None:
        name = 'new preset'

    # find a name that is not already taken
    if os.path.exists(get_home_path(device, name)):
        i = 2
        while os.path.exists(get_home_path(device, f'{name} {i}')):
            i += 1
        name = f'{name} {i}'

    path = get_home_path(device, name)
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        logger.info('Creating new file %s', path)
        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path), exist_ok=True)
        os.mknod(path)

    # give those files to the user
    user = os.getlogin()
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(CONFIG_PATH):
        shutil.chown(root, user, user)
        for file in files:
            shutil.chown(os.path.join(root, file), user, user)

    ensure_symlink()
    return name


def create_setxkbmap_config(device, preset):
    """Generate a config file for setxkbmap.

    The file is created in ~/.config/key-mapper/<device>/<preset> and,
    in order to find all presets in the home dir to make backing them up
    more intuitive, a symlink is created in
    /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/key-mapper/<device>/<preset> to point to it.
    The file in home doesn't have underscore to be more beautiful on the
    frontend, while the symlink doesn't contain any whitespaces.

    Parameters
    ----------
    device : string
    preset : string
    """
    if len(mapping) == 0:
        logger.debug('Got empty mappings')
        return None

    create_identity_mapping()

    home_device_path = get_home_path(device)
    if not os.path.exists(home_device_path):
        logger.info('Creating directory "%s"', home_device_path)
        os.makedirs(home_device_path, exist_ok=True)

    ensure_symlink()

    home_preset_path = get_home_path(device, preset)
    if not os.path.exists(home_preset_path):
        logger.info('Creating config file "%s"', home_preset_path)
        os.mknod(home_preset_path)

    logger.info('Writing key mappings')
    with open(home_preset_path, 'w') as f:
        contents = generate_symbols_content(device, preset)
        if contents is not None:
            f.write(contents)


def apply_preset(device, preset):
    """Apply a preset to the device."""
    group = get_devices()[device]

    # apply it to every device that hangs on the same usb port, because I
    # have no idea how to figure out which one of those 3 devices that are
    # all named after my mouse to use.
    for xinput_name, xinput_id in get_xinput_id_mapping():
        if xinput_name not in group['devices']:
            # only all virtual devices of the same hardware device
            continue

        symbols = '/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/'
        layout_path = get_usr_path(device, preset)
        with open(layout_path, 'r') as f:
            if f.read() == '':
                logger.error('Tried to load empty config')
                return

        layout_name = layout_path[len(symbols):]
        cmd = [
            'setxkbmap',
            '-layout', layout_name,
            '-keycodes', 'key-mapper',
            '-device', str(xinput_id)
        ]
        logger.debug('Running `%s`', ' '.join(cmd))
        subprocess.run(cmd)


def create_identity_mapping():
    """Because the concept of "reasonable symbolic names" [3] doesn't apply
    when mouse buttons are all over the place. Create an identity mapping
    to make generating "symbols" files easier. Keycode 10 -> "<10>"

    This has the added benefit that keycodes reported by xev can be
    identified in the symbols file.
    """
    # TODO don't create this again if it already exists, as soon as this
    #   stuff is stable.

    xkb_keycodes = []
    # the maximum specified in /usr/share/X11/xkb/keycodes is usually 255
    # and the minimum 8
    maximum = 255
    minimum = 8
    for keycode, _ in mapping:
        # only those keys that are in the mapping, so that the others
        # get mappings from the default keyboard.
        xkb_keycodes.append(f'<{keycode}> = {keycode};')

    template_path = get_data_path('xkb_keycodes_template')
    with open(template_path, 'r') as template_file:
        template = template_file.read()

    result = template.format(
        minimum=minimum,
        maximum=maximum,
        xkb_keycodes='\n    '.join(xkb_keycodes)
    )

    if not os.path.exists(KEYCODES_PATH):
        logger.info('Creating "%s"', KEYCODES_PATH)
        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(KEYCODES_PATH), exist_ok=True)
        os.mknod(KEYCODES_PATH)
    with open(KEYCODES_PATH, 'w') as keycodes:
        keycodes.write(result)


def generate_symbols_content(device, preset):
    """Create config contents to be placed in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols.

    This file contains the mapping of the preset as expected by X.

    Parameters
    ----------
    device : string
    preset : string
    """
    system_default = 'us'  # TODO get the system default

    if len(mapping) == 0:
        raise ValueError('Mapping is empty')

    # If the symbols file contains key codes that are not present in
    # the keycodes file, THE WHOLE X SESSION WILL CRASH!
    if not os.path.exists(KEYCODES_PATH):
        raise FileNotFoundError('Expected the keycodes file to exist')
    with open(KEYCODES_PATH, 'r') as f:
        keycodes = re.findall(r'<.+?>', f.read())

    xkb_symbols = []
    for keycode, character in mapping:
        if f'<{keycode}>' not in keycodes:
            logger.error(f'Unknown keycode <{keycode}> for "{character}"')
            # continue, otherwise X would crash when loading
            continue
        xkb_symbols.append(f'key <{keycode}> {{ [ {character} ] }};')
    if len(xkb_symbols) == 0:
        logger.error('Failed to populate xkb_symbols')
        return None

    template_path = get_data_path('xkb_symbols_template')
    with open(template_path, 'r') as template_file:
        template = template_file.read()

    result = template.format(
        name=f'{device}/{preset}',
        xkb_symbols='\n    '.join(xkb_symbols),
        system_default=system_default
    )

    return result


def get_xinput_id_mapping():
    """Run xinput and get a list of name, id tuplies.

    The ids are needed for setxkbmap. There might be duplicate names with
    different ids.
    """
    names = subprocess.check_output(
        ['xinput', 'list', '--name-only']
    ).decode().split('\n')
    ids = subprocess.check_output(
        ['xinput', 'list', '--id-only']
    ).decode().split('\n')

    names = [name for name in names if name != '']
    ids = [int(id) for id in ids if id != '']
    return zip(names, ids)