gods/lists/doublylinkedlist/doublylinkedlist.go

/*
Copyright (c) 2015, Emir Pasic
All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/

// Package doublylinkedlist implements the doubly-linked list.
//
// Structure is not thread safe.
//
// Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_%28abstract_data_type%29
package doublylinkedlist

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/emirpasic/gods/containers"
	"github.com/emirpasic/gods/lists"
	"github.com/emirpasic/gods/utils"
	"strings"
)

func assertInterfaceImplementation() {
	var _ lists.List = (*List)(nil)
	var _ containers.EnumerableWithIndex = (*List)(nil)
	var _ containers.ReverseIteratorWithIndex = (*Iterator)(nil)
}

// List holds the elements, where each element points to the next and previous element
type List struct {
	first *element
	last  *element
	size  int
}

type element struct {
	value interface{}
	prev  *element
	next  *element
}

// New instantiates a new empty list
func New() *List {
	return &List{}
}

// Add appends a value (one or more) at the end of the list (same as Append())
func (list *List) Add(values ...interface{}) {
	for _, value := range values {
		newElement := &element{value: value, prev: list.last}
		if list.size == 0 {
			list.first = newElement
			list.last = newElement
		} else {
			list.last.next = newElement
			list.last = newElement
		}
		list.size++
	}
}

// Append appends a value (one or more) at the end of the list (same as Add())
func (list *List) Append(values ...interface{}) {
	list.Add(values...)
}

// Prepend prepends a values (or more)
func (list *List) Prepend(values ...interface{}) {
	// in reverse to keep passed order i.e. ["c","d"] -> Prepend(["a","b"]) -> ["a","b","c",d"]
	for v := len(values) - 1; v >= 0; v-- {
		newElement := &element{value: values[v], next: list.first}
		if list.size == 0 {
			list.first = newElement
			list.last = newElement
		} else {
			list.first.prev = newElement
			list.first = newElement
		}
		list.size++
	}
}

// Get returns the element at index.
// Second return parameter is true if index is within bounds of the array and array is not empty, otherwise false.
func (list *List) Get(index int) (interface{}, bool) {

	if !list.withinRange(index) {
		return nil, false
	}

	// determine traveral direction, last to first or first to last
	if list.size-index < index {
		element := list.last
		for e := list.size - 1; e != index; e, element = e-1, element.prev {
		}
		return element.value, true
	}
	element := list.first
	for e := 0; e != index; e, element = e+1, element.next {
	}
	return element.value, true
}

// Remove removes one or more elements from the list with the supplied indices.
func (list *List) Remove(index int) {

	if !list.withinRange(index) {
		return
	}

	if list.size == 1 {
		list.Clear()
		return
	}

	var element *element
	// determine traversal direction, last to first or first to last
	if list.size-index < index {
		element = list.last
		for e := list.size - 1; e != index; e, element = e-1, element.prev {
		}
	} else {
		element = list.first
		for e := 0; e != index; e, element = e+1, element.next {
		}
	}

	if element == list.first {
		list.first = element.next
	}
	if element == list.last {
		list.last = element.prev
	}
	if element.prev != nil {
		element.prev.next = element.next
	}
	if element.next != nil {
		element.next.prev = element.prev
	}

	element = nil

	list.size--
}

// Contains check if values (one or more) are present in the set.
// All values have to be present in the set for the method to return true.
// Performance time complexity of n^2.
// Returns true if no arguments are passed at all, i.e. set is always super-set of empty set.
func (list *List) Contains(values ...interface{}) bool {

	if len(values) == 0 {
		return true
	}
	if list.size == 0 {
		return false
	}
	for _, value := range values {
		found := false
		for element := list.first; element != nil; element = element.next {
			if element.value == value {
				found = true
				break
			}
		}
		if !found {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

// Values returns all elements in the list.
func (list *List) Values() []interface{} {
	values := make([]interface{}, list.size, list.size)
	for e, element := 0, list.first; element != nil; e, element = e+1, element.next {
		values[e] = element.value
	}
	return values
}

// Empty returns true if list does not contain any elements.
func (list *List) Empty() bool {
	return list.size == 0
}

// Size returns number of elements within the list.
func (list *List) Size() int {
	return list.size
}

// Clear removes all elements from the list.
func (list *List) Clear() {
	list.size = 0
	list.first = nil
	list.last = nil
}

// Sort sorts values (in-place) using.
func (list *List) Sort(comparator utils.Comparator) {

	if list.size < 2 {
		return
	}

	values := list.Values()
	utils.Sort(values, comparator)

	list.Clear()

	list.Add(values...)

}

// Swap swaps values of two elements at the given indices.
func (list *List) Swap(i, j int) {
	if list.withinRange(i) && list.withinRange(j) && i != j {
		var element1, element2 *element
		for e, currentElement := 0, list.first; element1 == nil || element2 == nil; e, currentElement = e+1, currentElement.next {
			switch e {
			case i:
				element1 = currentElement
			case j:
				element2 = currentElement
			}
		}
		element1.value, element2.value = element2.value, element1.value
	}
}

// Insert inserts values at specified index position shifting the value at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right.
// Does not do anything if position is negative or bigger than list's size
// Note: position equal to list's size is valid, i.e. append.
func (list *List) Insert(index int, values ...interface{}) {

	if !list.withinRange(index) {
		// Append
		if index == list.size {
			list.Add(values...)
		}
		return
	}

	list.size += len(values)

	var beforeElement *element
	var foundElement *element
	// determine traversal direction, last to first or first to last
	if list.size-index < index {
		foundElement = list.last
		for e := list.size - 1; e != index; e, foundElement = e-1, foundElement.prev {
			beforeElement = foundElement.prev
		}
	} else {
		foundElement = list.first
		for e := 0; e != index; e, foundElement = e+1, foundElement.next {
			beforeElement = foundElement
		}
	}

	if foundElement == list.first {
		oldNextElement := list.first
		for i, value := range values {
			newElement := &element{value: value}
			if i == 0 {
				list.first = newElement
			} else {
				beforeElement.next = newElement
			}
			beforeElement = newElement
		}
		beforeElement.next = oldNextElement
	} else {
		oldNextElement := beforeElement.next
		for _, value := range values {
			newElement := &element{value: value}
			beforeElement.next = newElement
			beforeElement = newElement
		}
		beforeElement.next = oldNextElement
	}
}

// Iterator holding the iterator's state
type Iterator struct {
	list    *List
	index   int
	element *element
}

// Iterator returns a stateful iterator whose values can be fetched by an index.
func (list *List) Iterator() Iterator {
	return Iterator{list: list, index: -1, element: nil}
}

// Next moves the iterator to the next element and returns true if there was a next element in the container.
// If Next() returns true, then next element's index and value can be retrieved by Index() and Value().
// If Next() was called for the first time, then it will point the iterator to the first element if it exists.
// Modifies the state of the iterator.
func (iterator *Iterator) Next() bool {
	if iterator.index < iterator.list.size {
		iterator.index++
	}
	if !iterator.list.withinRange(iterator.index) {
		iterator.element = nil
		return false
	}
	if iterator.index != 0 {
		iterator.element = iterator.element.next
	} else {
		iterator.element = iterator.list.first
	}
	return true
}

// Prev moves the iterator to the previous element and returns true if there was a previous element in the container.
// If Prev() returns true, then previous element's index and value can be retrieved by Index() and Value().
// Modifies the state of the iterator.
func (iterator *Iterator) Prev() bool {
	if iterator.index >= 0 {
		iterator.index--
	}
	if !iterator.list.withinRange(iterator.index) {
		iterator.element = nil
		return false
	}
	if iterator.index == iterator.list.size-1 {
		iterator.element = iterator.list.last
	} else {
		iterator.element = iterator.element.prev
	}
	return iterator.list.withinRange(iterator.index)
}

// Value returns the current element's value.
// Does not modify the state of the iterator.
func (iterator *Iterator) Value() interface{} {
	return iterator.element.value
}

// Index returns the current element's index.
// Does not modify the state of the iterator.
func (iterator *Iterator) Index() int {
	return iterator.index
}

// Reset sets the iterator to the initial state.
// Call Next() to fetch the first element if any.
func (iterator *Iterator) Reset() {
	iterator.index = -1
	iterator.element = nil
}

// Last moves the iterator to the last element and returns true if there was a last element in the container.
// If Last() returns true, then last element's index and value can be retrieved by Index() and Value().
// Modifies the state of the iterator.
func (iterator *Iterator) Last() bool {
	iterator.index = iterator.list.size
	iterator.element = iterator.list.last
	return iterator.Prev()
}

// Each calls the given function once for each element, passing that element's index and value.
func (list *List) Each(f func(index int, value interface{})) {
	iterator := list.Iterator()
	for iterator.Next() {
		f(iterator.Index(), iterator.Value())
	}
}

// Map invokes the given function once for each element and returns a
// container containing the values returned by the given function.
func (list *List) Map(f func(index int, value interface{}) interface{}) *List {
	newList := &List{}
	iterator := list.Iterator()
	for iterator.Next() {
		newList.Add(f(iterator.Index(), iterator.Value()))
	}
	return newList
}

// Select returns a new container containing all elements for which the given function returns a true value.
func (list *List) Select(f func(index int, value interface{}) bool) *List {
	newList := &List{}
	iterator := list.Iterator()
	for iterator.Next() {
		if f(iterator.Index(), iterator.Value()) {
			newList.Add(iterator.Value())
		}
	}
	return newList
}

// Any passes each element of the container to the given function and
// returns true if the function ever returns true for any element.
func (list *List) Any(f func(index int, value interface{}) bool) bool {
	iterator := list.Iterator()
	for iterator.Next() {
		if f(iterator.Index(), iterator.Value()) {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// All passes each element of the container to the given function and
// returns true if the function returns true for all elements.
func (list *List) All(f func(index int, value interface{}) bool) bool {
	iterator := list.Iterator()
	for iterator.Next() {
		if !f(iterator.Index(), iterator.Value()) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

// Find passes each element of the container to the given function and returns
// the first (index,value) for which the function is true or -1,nil otherwise
// if no element matches the criteria.
func (list *List) Find(f func(index int, value interface{}) bool) (index int, value interface{}) {
	iterator := list.Iterator()
	for iterator.Next() {
		if f(iterator.Index(), iterator.Value()) {
			return iterator.Index(), iterator.Value()
		}
	}
	return -1, nil
}

// String returns a string representation of container
func (list *List) String() string {
	str := "DoublyLinkedList\n"
	values := []string{}
	for element := list.first; element != nil; element = element.next {
		values = append(values, fmt.Sprintf("%v", element.value))
	}
	str += strings.Join(values, ", ")
	return str
}

// Check that the index is within bounds of the list
func (list *List) withinRange(index int) bool {
	return index >= 0 && index < list.size
}