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The Python script `extract_otp_secrets.py` extracts one time password (OTP) secrets from QR codes exported by two-factor authentication (2FA) apps such as "Google Authenticator".
The exported QR codes from authentication apps can be read in three ways:
- [Installation of Python script (recommended for developers or advanced users)](#installation-of-python-script-recommended-for-developers-or-advanced-users)
- [Installation of optional shared system libraries (recommended)](#installation-of-optional-shared-system-libraries-recommended)
:information_source: If you are a developer, you might prefer to run the Python script directly, see [Installation](#installation-of-python-script-recommended-for-developers-or-advanced-users)
> Beginning in macOS 10.15, all software built after June 1, 2019, and distributed with Developer ID must be notarized. However, you aren’t required to notarize software that you distribute through the Mac App Store because the App Store submission process already includes equivalent security checks. <small>[developer.apple.com](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/notarizing_macos_software_before_distribution)</small>
:x: Unfortunately, I cannot provide a signed and notarized installable application for macOS as .dmg or .pkg. Apple is not Open Source friendly and requires a yearly Developer ID subscription. I am not willing to pay [USD 99 per year](https://developer.apple.com/support/compare-memberships/) to Apple for this little open source tool.
:information_source: If Rosetta2 emulation is installed, these steps work also for M1 and M2 Apple Silicon processors and the program can be executed directly.
> :warning: It seems the GUI mode is not working in Terminal on macOS. In tests no [GUI window](#usage) was opened. (Remarks and hints about macOS are welcome since I do not know macOS.)
Detected QR codes are surrounded with a frame. The color of the frame indicates the extracting result:
* Green: The QR code is detected, decoded and the OTP secret was successfully extracted.
* Red: The QR code is detected and decoded, but could not be successfully extracted. This is the case if a QR code not containing OTP data is captured.
* Magenta: The QR code is detected, but could not be decoded. The QR code should be presented better to the camera or another QR reader could be used.
The secrets are printed by default to the console. [Set program parameters](#program-help-arguments-and-options) for other types of output, e.g. `--csv exported_secrets.csv`.
4. Save the captured QR codes from the QR code reader to a text file, e.g. example_export.txt. Save each QR code on a new line. (The captured QR codes look like `otpauth-migration://offline?data=…`)
For reading QR codes with `ZBAR` QR reader, the zbar library must be installed.
If you do not use the `ZBAR` QR reader, you do not need to install the zbar shared library. Note: The `ZBAR` QR reader is the showed for me the best results and is thus default QR Reader.
The zbar DLLs are included with the Windows Python wheels. However, you might need additionally to install [Visual C++ Redistributable Packages for Visual Studio 2013](https://www.microsoft.com/en-US/download/details.aspx?id=40784). Install `vcredist_x64.exe` if using 64-bit Python, `vcredist_x86.exe` if using 32-bit Python. For more information see [pyzbar](https://github.com/NaturalHistoryMuseum/pyzbar)
OpenCV requires [Visual C++ redistributable 2015](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=48145). For more information see [opencv-python](https://pypi.org/project/opencv-python/)
* ZBAR: [pyzbar](https://github.com/NaturalHistoryMuseum/pyzbar) - fast and reliable, good for images and video capture (default and recommended) [if [libzbar](#installation-of-optional-shared-system-libraries-recommended) is installed]
* QREADER: [QReader](https://github.com/Eric-Canas/QReader) [if [libzbar](#installation-of-optional-shared-system-libraries-recommended) is installed]
* QREADER_DEEP: [QReader](https://github.com/Eric-Canas/QReader) - very slow in GUI [if [libzbar](#installation-of-optional-shared-system-libraries-recommended) is installed]
* Reads QR codes images: (See [OpenCV docu](https://docs.opencv.org/4.x/d4/da8/group__imgcodecs.html#ga288b8b3da0892bd651fce07b3bbd3a56)) (🆕 since v2.0)
* extract_otp_secrets_macos_x86_64 (optional [libzbar](#installation-of-optional-shared-system-libraries-recommended) needs to be installed manually if needed)
[KeePass 2.51](https://keepass.info/news/n220506_2.51.html) (released in May 2022) and newer [support the generation of OTPs (TOTP and HOTP)](https://keepass.info/help/base/placeholders.html#otp).
KeePass can generate the second factor password (2FA) if the OTP secret is stored in `TimeOtp-Secret-Base32` string field for TOTP or `HmacOtp-Secret-Base32` string field for HOTP. You view or edit them in entry dialog on the 'Advanced' tab page.
KeePass provides menu commands in the main window for generating one-time passwords ('Copy HMAC-Based OTP', 'Show HMAC-Based OTP', 'Copy Time-Based OTP', 'Show Time-Based OTP'). Furthermore, one-time passwords can be generated during auto-type using the {HMACOTP} and {TIMEOTP} placeholders.
In order to simplify the usage of the second factor password generation in KeePass a specific KeePass CSV export is available with option `-keepass` or `-k`. This KeePass CSV file can be imported by the ["Generic CSV Importer" of KeePass](https://keepass.info/help/kb/imp_csv.html).
If TOTP and HOTP entries have to be exported, then two files with an intermediate suffix .totp or .hotp will be added to the KeePass export filename.
Example:
- Only TOTP entries to export and parameter --keepass example_keepass_output.csv<br>
→ example_keepass_output.csv with TOTP entries will be exported
- Only HOTP entries to export and parameter --keepass example_keepass_output.csv<br>
→ example_keepass_output.csv with HOTP entries will be exported
- If both TOTP and HOTP entries to export and parameter --keepass example_keepass_output.csv<br>
→ example_keepass_output.totp.csv with TOTP entries will be exported<br>
→ example_keepass_output.hotp.csv with HOTP entries will be exported
Import CSV with TOTP entries in KeePass as
- Title
- User Name
- String (TimeOtp-Secret-Base32)
- Group (/)
Import CSV with HOTP entries in KeePass as
- Title
- User Name
- String (HmacOtp-Secret-Base32)
- String (HmacOtp-Counter)
- Group (/)
KeePass can be used as a backup for one time passwords (second factor) from the mobile phone.
The requirements\*.txt files contain all the dependencies (also the optional ones).
To leave the python virtual env just call `deactivate`.
### devbox
Install [devbox](https://github.com/jetpack-io/devbox), which is a wrapper for nix. Then enter the environment with Python and the packages installed with:
Prebuilt docker images are available for amd64 and arm64 architectures on [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/repository/docker/scit0/extract_otp_secrets) and on [GitHub Packages](https://github.com/users/scito/packages/container/package/extract_otp_secrets).
Your tests can run against an installed version after executing pip install .
Your tests can run against the local copy with an editable install after executing pip install --editable .
If you don’t use an editable install and are relying on the fact that Python by default puts the current directory in sys.path to import your package, you can execute python -m pytest to execute the tests against the local copy directly, without using pip.
The data parameter is a base64 encoded proto3 message (Google Protocol Buffers).
Command for regeneration of Python code from proto3 message definition file (only necessary in case of changes of the proto3 message definition or new protobuf versions):
If you see an ugly ImportError on Windows you will most likely need the [Visual C++ Redistributable Packages for Visual Studio 2013](https://www.microsoft.com/en-US/download/details.aspx?id=40784). Install vcredist_x64.exe if using 64-bit Python, vcredist_x86.exe if using 32-bit Python.
This library shared library is required by [pyzbar](https://pypi.org/project/pyzbar/).
```
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 58, in load
dependencies, libzbar = load_objects(Path(''))
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 50, in load_objects
deps = [
^
File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 51, in <listcomp>
cdll.LoadLibrary(str(directory.joinpath(dep)))
File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_3.11.496.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\Lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 454, in LoadLibrary
return self._dlltype(name)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_3.11.496.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\Lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 376, in __init__
self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
FileNotFoundError: Could not find module 'libiconv.dll' (or one of its dependencies). Try using the full path with constructor syntax.
* [Aegis Authenticator](https://github.com/beemdevelopment/Aegis) is a free, secure and open source 2FA app for Android. This app can scan Google export QR codes and export the secrets, e.g. as JSON. However, a second device is required.
* [Python QReader](https://github.com/Eric-Canas/QReader) Python QR code readers
* [Android OTP Extractor](https://github.com/puddly/android-otp-extractor) can extract your tokens from popular Android OTP apps and export them in a standard format or just display them as QR codes for easy importing. [Requires a _rooted_ Android phone.]
* [Google Authenticator secret extractor](https://github.com/krissrex/google-authenticator-exporter) is similar project written in JavaScript. It also extracts otp secrets from Google Authenticator.
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