BinaryHeap

README.md

@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ It is now late July, and *Easy Rust* is about 200 pages long. I am still writing
     - [Self](#self)
 - [Other collections](#other-collections)
   - [HashMap (and BTreeMap)](#hashmap-and-btreemap)
-  - [HashSet](#hashset)
+  - [HashSet and BTreeSet](#hashset-and-btreeset)
+  - [BinaryHeap](#binaryheap)
   - [Generics](#generics)
   - [Option and Result](#option-and-result)
     - [Result](#result)
@@ -2948,6 +2949,84 @@ fn main() {
 
 Now it will print in order.
 
+## BinaryHeap
+
+A `BinaryHeap` is an interesting collection type, because is is mostly unordered but has a bit of order. It is a collection that keeps the largest item in the front, but the other items are in any order. 
+
+We will use another list of items for an example, but this time smaller.
+
+```rust
+use std::collections::BinaryHeap; 
+
+fn show_remainder(input: &BinaryHeap<i32>) -> Vec<i32> { // This function shows the remainder in the BinaryHeap. Actually an iterator would be 
+                                                         // faster than a function - we will learn them later.
+    let mut remainder_vec = vec![];
+    for number in input {
+        remainder_vec.push(*number)
+    }
+    remainder_vec
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let many_numbers = vec![0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30]; // These numbers are in order
+
+    let mut my_heap = BinaryHeap::new();
+
+    for number in many_numbers {
+        my_heap.push(number);
+    }
+
+    while let Some(number) = my_heap.pop() { // .pop() returns Some(number) if a number is there, None if not. It pops from the front
+        println!("Popped off {}. Remaining numbers are: {:?}", number, show_remainder(&my_heap));
+    }
+}
+```
+
+This prints:
+
+```text
+Popped off 30. Remaining numbers are: [25, 15, 20, 0, 10, 5]
+Popped off 25. Remaining numbers are: [20, 15, 5, 0, 10]
+Popped off 20. Remaining numbers are: [15, 10, 5, 0]
+Popped off 15. Remaining numbers are: [10, 0, 5]
+Popped off 10. Remaining numbers are: [5, 0]
+Popped off 5. Remaining numbers are: [0]
+Popped off 0. Remaining numbers are: []
+```
+
+You can see that the number in the 0 index is always largest: 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, then 0. But the other ones are all different.
+
+A good way to use a `BinaryHeap` is for a collection of tasks. Here we create a `BinaryHeap<u8, &str>` where the `u8` is a number for the importance of the task. The `&str` is a description of what to do.
+
+```rust
+use std::collections::BinaryHeap;
+
+fn main() {
+    let mut jobs = BinaryHeap::new();
+
+	// Add jobs to do throughout the day
+    jobs.push((100, "Write back to email from the CEO"));
+    jobs.push((80, "Finish the report today"));
+    jobs.push((5, "Watch some YouTube"));
+    jobs.push((70, "Tell your team members thanks for always working hard"));
+    jobs.push((30, "Plan who to hire next for the team"));
+
+    while let Some(job) = jobs.pop() {
+        println!("You need to: {}", job.1);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+This will always print:
+
+```text
+You need to: Write back to email from the CEO
+You need to: Finish the report today
+You need to: Tell your team members thanks for always working hard
+You need to: Plan who to hire next for the team
+You need to: Watch some YouTube
+```
+
 
 ## Generics