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@ -1,364 +1,7 @@
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[![License: CC BY-SA 4.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-CC%20BY--SA%204.0-lightgrey.svg)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) [![Buy PCB: Oshpark](https://img.shields.io/badge/Buy%20PCB-Oshpark-purple.svg)](https://oshpark.com/shared_projects/YSZAuKc0) [![Buy Parts: Oshpark](https://img.shields.io/badge/Buy%20Parts-Octopart-3a6a99)](https://octopart.com/bom-tool/4AnOAR3f)
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# KinT Blackpill Edition
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<img src="https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/raw/main/replaced-controller-v2020-06-30.jpg" width="267" height="200" align="right">
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This is a fork of Michael Stapelberg's KinT project (https://github.com/kinx-project/kint#using-socket-headers) with the following modifications:
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The kinT keyboard controller is a replacement for your Kinesis Advantage or
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Advantage 2 ergonomic keyboards.
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You can use it for example…
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* to build or modify your own keyboard
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* to [work around bugs in the standard controller](https://michael.stapelberg.ch/posts/2013-03-21-kinesis_custom_controller/)
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* because you prefer to run open source software such as the [QMK firmware](https://docs.qmk.fm/), even on your keyboard
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See also:
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* [My blog post introducing the kinT keyboard controller](https://michael.stapelberg.ch/posts/2020-07-09-kint-kinesis-keyboard-controller/)
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* [My twitch stream recording introducing the kinT keyboard controller](https://youtu.be/I0kwQbnhlfk)
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## Quick overview
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<table border="0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td width="33%">
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<img src="https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/raw/main/pcb-3d-render-front-v2021-06-26.png">
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3D render (front, LEDs)
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</td>
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<td width="33%">
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<img src="https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/raw/main/pcb-3d-render-back-v2021-06-26.png">
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3D render (back, components)
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</td>
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<td width="33%">
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<a href="https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/blob/main/schematic-v2021-06-26.pdf"><img
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src="https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/raw/main/thumbnail-schematic-v2021-06-26.jpg"></a>
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schematic
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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## Building your own kinT keyboard controller
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1. Follow [“Buying the board and components (Bill of
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materials)”](https://github.com/kinx-project/kint#buying-the-board-and-components-bill-of-materials). When
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ordering from OSH Park (board) and Digi-Key (components), you’ll get the
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minimum quantity of 3 boards for 72 USD (24 USD per board), and one set of
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components for 49 USD.
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* If you have any special requirements regarding which Teensy microcontroller
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to use, this is the step where you would replace the Teensy 3.6 with your
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choice.
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1. Wait for the components to arrive. When ordering from big shops like Digi-Key
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or Mouser, this typically takes 2 days to many places in the world.
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1. Wait for the boards to arrive. This takes 6 days in the best case when
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ordering from OSH Park with their Super Swift Service option. In general, the
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longer you are willing to wait, the cheaper it is going to get.
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1. Follow [the soldering
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guide](https://github.com/kinx-project/kint#soldering). This will take about
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an hour.
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1. [Install the firmware](https://github.com/kinx-project/kint#installing-the-firmware)
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## Installing the kinT replacement controller in your Kinesis keyboard
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The easiest way is to remove the existing cable from the Kinesis keyboard, and
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use a regular USB cable instead (going through the existing hole in the case, no
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mod required).
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If you want to keep using the existing Kinesis cable, you could build the [kinX
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open hardware
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hub](https://michael.stapelberg.ch/posts/2018-04-17-kinx-usb-hub/), which uses a
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compatible connector.
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Another way is to cut open a USB cable and solder it onto the matching pins of
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the Kinesis cable. You can confirm the pinout in the hardware design files for
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the kinX hub.
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## Why use the kinT instead of the older replacement board?
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* The kinT supports both, the older Kinesis Advantage (KB500) **and** the newer
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Kinesis Advantage 2 (KB600) keyboards. They differ in how the thumb pads are
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connected. See the soldering instructions below.
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* NOTE: If this is the *only* feature you’re interested in, and you already
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have a custom keyboard controller for your older Kinesis, [check out the
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u6w5 adapter
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board](https://github.com/kinx-project/adapter-use-kb600-with-kb500-controller)
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I made!
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* The kinT is made for the newer Teensy 3.x and 4.x series, which will remain
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widely available for years to come, whereas the [Teensy++ 2.0 is
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discontinued](https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensypp.html).
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* The kinT is a smaller PCB (4.25 x 3.39 inches, or 108.0 x 86.1 mm), which makes it:
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* more compact: can be inserted/removed without having to unscrew a key well.
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* cheaper: 72 USD for 3 boards at oshpark, instead of 81 USD.
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* The kinT silkscreen
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([front](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kinx-project/kint/44e6c8be96a0e1e13ada5eafdeba8c51a2d6c9e8/pcb-3d-render-front-v2020-06-23.png),
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[back](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kinx-project/kint/44e6c8be96a0e1e13ada5eafdeba8c51a2d6c9e8/pcb-3d-render-back-v2020-06-23.png))
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and
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[schematic](https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/blob/44e6c8be96a0e1e13ada5eafdeba8c51a2d6c9e8/schematic-v2020-06-23.pdf)
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are much much clearer, making assembly a breeze.
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* The kinT is a good starting point for your own project:
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* kinT was designed in the open source [KiCad](https://kicad.org/)
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program, meaning you do not need any license subscriptions.
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* The clear silkscreen and schematic make development and debugging easier.
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* On the kinT, the Teensy no longer has to be soldered onto the board upside down.
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* On the kinT, the FPC connectors have been moved for less strain on the cables.
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* The kinT makes possible lower-cost builds: if you don’t need the scroll lock,
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num lock and keypad LEDs, you can use a Teensy LC for merely 11 USD.
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## Compatibility: which Teensy to use?
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The kinT keyboard controller was made for the Teensy 3.x and 4.x series of
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devices, which are ARM based.
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The older Atmel based Teensy++ 2.0 are also supported, but they require cutting
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one set of solder jumpers and closing a second set, to account for clashing pin
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assignments.
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Which Teensy should you buy for your build? Here are a few considerations:
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* I have been using the Teensy 4.1 for many months without problems.
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* I used the Teensy 3.6 for multiple years, and many others are happy with it,
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too.
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* The Teensy++ 2.0 used to be the most popular choice, in part because it was
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the only option with the the predecessor keyboard controller. The [Teensy++
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2.0 is discontinued](https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensypp.html), so I would no
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longer recommend it for new keyboard builds.
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* If you are an advanced user of the QMK firmware, note that despite QMK working
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on the Teensy 3.6, [some features are not yet
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ported/working](https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/issues/10). As QMK was
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originally made for AVR micro controllers, you will likely find best overall
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QMK feature availability with the older Teensy++ 2.0.
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### Reference: full Teensy compatibility chart
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TODO: add power consumption as a column. relevant for using the keyboard with a laptop on the go
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| teensy | LEDs | Cost | input latency | clock speed | MCU | QMK |
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|----------------|------|--------|---------------|-------------|-------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| teensy++ 2.0 | yes | $24.00 | 3.27ms | 16 MHz AVR | AT90USB1286 | 0.13.17 or newer |
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| ~~teensy 3.0~~ | no | | | 48 MHz M4 | MK20DX128 | untested |
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| ~~teensy 3.1~~ | no | | | | MK20DX256 | untested |
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| teensy LC | no | $11.65 | ? | 48 MHz M0+ | | [development version](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/pull/17301) |
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| teensy 3.2 | no | $19.80 | ? | 72 MHz M4 | | unlikely ([interest?](https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/issues/2)) |
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| teensy 3.5 | yes | $24.25 | ? | 120 MHz M4F | MK64FX | unlikely ([interest?](https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/issues/3)) |
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| teensy 3.6 | yes | $29.25 | 1.97ms | 180 MHz M4F | MK66FX | 0.14.0 or newer |
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| teensy 4.0 | no | $19.95 | 0.9ms | 600 MHz M7 | MIMXRT1062 | 0.14.0 or newer |
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| teensy 4.1 | yes | $26.85 | 0.9ms | 600 MHz M7 | MIMXRT1062 | 0.14.0 or newer |
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See [this blog post for more details on keyboard input
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latency](https://michael.stapelberg.ch/posts/2021-05-08-keyboard-input-latency-qmk-kinesis/).
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## Buying the board and components (Bill of materials)
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To buy the board, you can:
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* [order the kinT controller from OSH Park](https://oshpark.com/shared_projects/YSZAuKc0) starting at 72 USD
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* [order the kinT controller from Aisler](https://aisler.net/p/JQIIIJSL) starting at 18 EUR
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* [order the kinT controller from JLCPCB](https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/tree/main/gerbers/jlcpcb)
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* or upload the [kint.kicad_pcb
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file](https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/blob/main/kicad/kint.kicad_pcb)
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to the manufacturing service you prefer.
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To buy the components, check out the [kinT BOM in the Octopart BOM
|
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tool](https://octopart.com/bom-tool/4AnOAR3f), from where you can conveniently
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buy all components via Digi-Key or Mouser.
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For your convenience, this is the full BOM (links go to Octopart):
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| Part Number | Count | Cost | Description | Note |
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|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------|--------|---------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|
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| [Teensy 3.6](https://octopart.com/dev-14057-sparkfun-76356774?r=sp) | 1 | $32.5 | | [your choice!](#compatibility-which-teensy-to-use) |
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| [Würth 61301011121](https://octopart.com/61301011121-w%C3%BCrth+elektronik-18818159?r=sp) | 8 | $0.89 | 10 position 2.54mm header | 6 for Teensy<br>2 for KB500<br>0 for KB600 |
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| [Molex 39-53-2135](https://octopart.com/39-53-2135-molex-7670149?r=sp) | 6 | $1.24 | 13 position FPC connector | 4 for KB500<br>6 for KB600 |
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| [Kingbright APT3216QBC/D](https://octopart.com/apt3216qbc%2Fd-kingbright-5355642?r=sp) | 4 | $0.47 | 1206 SMD LED | blue 470nm<br>chose your color! |
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| [Vishay CRCW120610K0FKEAC](https://octopart.com/crcw120610k0fkeac-vishay-20811529) | 4 | $0.10 | 1206 10K resistor | value determines LED brightness |
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| | | $48.45 | | |
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Note: with all parts (except for the Molex 39-53-2135 FPC connector), there is
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no need to get the specific versions from the BOM above — if you have LEDs,
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resistors and pin headers still lying around from other projects, feel free to
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re-use them!
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## Soldering
|
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All the soldering connections on the kinT keyboard controller are easy to make,
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so the whole assembly can be done at home, with a cheap soldering iron and basic
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electronic hobby equipment. A build takes about 1 hour of time and involves a
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little over 100 soldering connections.
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For example, I used the [Miniware TS100 soldering
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iron](https://hackaday.com/2017/07/24/review-ts100-soldering-iron/), which can
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be found for 50-60 EUR or USD.
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If you’re new to soldering, check out [this excellent soldering reference card
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|
from adafruit](https://twitter.com/zekjur/status/952596267884056576).
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You can also [watch me solder a kinT keyboard controller on live
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stream](https://youtu.be/I0kwQbnhlfk?t=5880) (from 1:38:00 to 3:33:53). The
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process can be done in under an hour if you’re not talking to a live audience at
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the same time :-). I want to add an edited and higher-quality video, too.
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|
### Soldering instructions for the Teensy 3.x or 4.x
|
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1. Populate the FPC connectors J2, J3, J4, J7 (all keyboards) and J1, J8 for the
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newer Advantage 2 (KB600). Turn the board around and solder all their pins.
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1. Solder resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 and the four LEDs onto the board.
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* LEDs are directional parts! Their marker marks the cathode, which is
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labeled as C on the kinT. For details about the marker, refer to the LED
|
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|
|
datasheet, e.g. the [Kingbright APT3216QBC/D data
|
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|
|
sheet](https://www.kingbrightusa.com/images/catalog/SPEC/APT3216QBC-D.pdf)
|
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|
|
if you are using the LED from the [Bill of Materials
|
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|
|
(BOM)](#buying-the-board-and-components-bill-of-materials).
|
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|
|
* If you’re new to SMD (Surface Mount Devices) soldering, check out [How to
|
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|
|
Hand Solder SMD](http://www.davidhaillant.com/smd-soldering/), which
|
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|
|
explains what I call the “One pad at a time” method.
|
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1. Turn the board around and place (but don’t solder) **3 rows of pin headers**
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(top, bottom, vertical) in the Teensy holes.
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* The vertical pin header is required for powering the LEDs.
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* If you want your Teensy to be removable, you can use socket headers here
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instead. [See the instructions below](#using-socket-headers).
|
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1. Place your Teensy on top of the pin header and solder all its pins.
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1. Turn the board around and solder all the pin header pins.
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1. For the older Advantage (KB500) keyboard, populate pin headers J5, J6 and
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solder their pins.
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|
### Soldering instructions for the Teensy++ 2.0
|
|
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|
Follow the [instructions for the Teensy 3.x or 4.x
|
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|
|
above](#soldering-instructions-for-the-teensy-3x-or-4x), and then:
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1. Using a small knife such as a hobby knife, cut the traces between the pads
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of jumpers JP4, JP5, and JP6. This will disconnect pin 7, pin 15 and pin 16.
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* If you haven't cut traces like this before, SparkFun has a [brief
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illustrated tutorial][jumper-tut] about working with jumpers that is a
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good reference.
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2. Close the solder jumpers JP1, JP2, JP3. These will remap pin 7, pin 15 and
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pin 16 onto pins that can be used with the Teensy++ 2.0.
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If you are [using socket headers](#using-socket-headers) so that the Teensy is
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removable, you can later upgrade to a Teensy 3.x or 4.x by desoldering JP1,
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JP2, and JP3, and reclosing the jumpers JP4, JP5, and JP6.
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[jumper-tut]: https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-work-with-jumper-pads-and-pcb-traces/what-is-a-jumper
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### Using socket headers
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Due to the space for the USB cable in the back, there's not enough room in the
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case for a standard socket header, but there are low-profile pin headers that
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do fit. [These square-pin socket headers][short-sockets] and [pins][short-pins]
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with 0.180" (4.57mm) insulation height have been verified to fit in the KB500,
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and will probably fit the KB600 as well. Round "Swiss-style" headers may also
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work, but make sure to get the appropriate matching pins for whatever socket
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you order.
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To build with socket headers, follow the [standard instructions
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above](#soldering-instructions-for-the-teensy-3x-or-4x), but instead of the
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steps involving soldering the pin headers, do the following:
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1. Turn the board around and solder **3 rows of socket headers** (top, bottom,
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vertical) in the Teensy holes on the kinT board.
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1. Place and solder the corresponding **3 rows of pin headers** (top, bottom,
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vertical) on the Teensy itself.
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1. Insert the Teensy into the sockets.
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[short-sockets]: https://octopart.com/slw-124-01-t-s-samtec-292526?r=sp
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[short-pins]: https://octopart.com/tsw-124-23-g-s-samtec-274217?r=sp
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## Installing the firmware
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You can use the QMK Configurator online build tool to compile the QMK firmware for
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your kinT keyboard controller, or customize your layout.
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Alternatively, you can install the pre-built, tested firmware file (default QMK
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keymap and settings) we offer, for example to test whether issues are related to
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your self-compiled firmware.
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| Teensy | QMK Configurator | pre-built, tested firmware |
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|------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| Teensy++ 2.0 | [QMK Configurator (kint2pp)](https://config.qmk.fm/#/kinesis/kint2pp/LAYOUT) | [kinesis_kint2pp_default.hex](https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/blob/main/default-firmware/kinesis_kint2pp_default.hex) (2020-07-09) |
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| Teensy 3.6 | [QMK Configurator (kint36)](https://config.qmk.fm/#/kinesis/kint36/LAYOUT) | [kinesis_kint36_default.hex](https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/blob/main/default-firmware/kinesis_kint36_default.hex) (2020-07-09) |
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| Teensy 4.0 / 4.1 | [QMK Configurator (kint41)](https://config.qmk.fm/#/kinesis/kint41/LAYOUT) | TODO |
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You can install these .hex files with the [Teensy
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Loader](https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/loader.html).
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To compile your own firmware, see [QMK: Get
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Started](https://docs.qmk.fm/#/?id=get-started) and refer to the [full Teensy
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compatibility chart](#reference-full-teensy-compatibility-chart) above to find
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the QMK branch to work with.
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## Debugging / Troubleshooting
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### General technique: highlight connections in KiCad
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1. Install [KiCad](https://kicad.org/) (free and open source)
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1. Clone https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/ and open `kicad/kint.pro` in KiCad
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1. Select `Tools` → `Edit PCB`
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1. Select `View` → `Flip Board View`, because the front side of kinT contains the LEDs, the back side contains the connectors.
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1. Select `Highlight Net`, the second icon from the top in the right icon bar
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1. Click on the pin of interest. In the bottom left, you’ll see the Net Name (e.g. `COL_3`), and KiCad will highlight all connected traces.
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### Issue: LEDs not working
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See also [Example issue #13](https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/issues/13) for
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a full debugging walk-through.
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* Check the orientation of your LEDs, as they are directional parts.
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* The marker printed on the kinT board marks the LED cathode, which is
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labeled as C on the kinT. For details about the marker, refer to the LED
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datasheet, e.g. the [Kingbright APT3216QBC/D data
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|
sheet](https://www.kingbrightusa.com/images/catalog/SPEC/APT3216QBC-D.pdf)
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if you are using the LED from the [Bill of Materials
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(BOM)](#buying-the-board-and-components-bill-of-materials).
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* If your Teensy is not soldered yet (or removed from its socket), you can test your LEDs with a multimeter:
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* switch your multimeter to diode test mode
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* place the black probe (`COM`) on e.g. Teensy pin 12 (`LED_CAPS_LOCK`)
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* place the red probe on the anode (A) of your LED
|
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|
* the LED should light up now, or it might be defective:
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![IMG_0755](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/55506/91949423-6811c780-ed00-11ea-8393-5f79e4586825.JPG)
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* Measure that the LED pins behave as expected, e.g. Teensy pin 12 for `LED_CAPS_LOCK`:
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* you should measure 3.3V when the LED is turned off
|
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* you should measure 0V when the LED is turned on
|
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|
![schematic_000](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/55506/91944490-7232c680-ecfe-11ea-90e4-071a66173f0d.jpg)
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* Check that you soldered in the vertical pin header, which supplies 3.3V to the LEDs:
|
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|
![IMG_0759](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/55506/91976333-0f065b80-ed21-11ea-81dc-477edfb2e9f0.jpg)
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|
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|
### Issue: Keys not working
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
See also [Example issue #16](https://github.com/kinx-project/kint/issues/16) for
|
|
|
|
|
a full debugging walk-through.
|
|
|
|
|
* Replaced Teensy with Blackpill controller
|
|
|
|
|
* Reduced PCB size to 100 x 86 mm
|
|
|
|
|
* Use Vial firmware. Source code is in my [fork of Vial](https://github.com/dcpedit/vial-qmk/tree/vial/keyboards/dcpedit/kint_bp)
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