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65 lines
2.6 KiB
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65 lines
2.6 KiB
Plaintext
# sudo
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# Execute a command as another user
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# List contents of directory to which the user otherwise wouldn't have access.
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sudo ls /usr/local/scrt
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# Edit the given file as the `www` user. This is a great example of why sudo(8)
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# is or was often, and more accurately, referred to as "substitute user do".
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sudo -u www vi /var/www/index.html
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# Shut down (halt) the machine when 10 minutes have passed. The quoted text is
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# messaged to the terminal of all applicable users, known as a 'wall message'.
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sudo shutdown -h +10 "Cya soon!"
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# Note, that the above is the old method. On machines with SystemD, the below
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# command can instead be used.
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sudo systemctl reboot
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# In Bash, `!!` (bang, bang) is an event designator, as described in bash(1), -
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# and is used to refer to the previous command, synonymous for `!-1`.
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#
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# In this case, the user is able to prefix the entirety of the previous command
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# with `sudo`, being most useful when forgetting that `root` access is needed.
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sudo !!
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# For use in the vim(1) modal text editor, this command allows the user to save
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# the currently opened file as the `root` user, despite having not previously
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# opened it with such privileges.
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:w !sudo tee > /dev/null %
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# Reset the current user's sudo(8) timestamp, resulting in the user having to
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# once again enter his or her password when next using sudo(8). Use of this
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# flag does not actually require `root` privileges.
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sudo -K
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# List the current user's sudo(8) privileges.
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sudo -l
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# Add a line to a file using sudo(8). This is especially useful when making
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# changes to a kernel parameter file, like the `/proc/sys/vm/swappiness` file.
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echo "foo bar" | sudo tee -a /path/to/some/file
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# Begin a shell session as the system's `root` user.
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sudo -i
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# To disable password for sudo(8) for the `superuser` user, add the below line
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# to the `/etc/sudoers` file, preferably by using the visudo(8) executable.
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#
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# superuser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
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#
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# This would result in the aforementioned user not needing to enter in a
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# password when using `sudo`, otherwise he or she would be required to do so.
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#
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# Likewise, the below can be entered if this is wished for an entire group, -
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# which in this case would be the `special` group.
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#
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# %special ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
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#
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# Do note that neither of these configurations are at all recommended and can
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# pose a massive security risk.
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# Run `CMD` as the `root` user, but maintain the current user's environment. In
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# systems like Ubuntu, this is assumed, but systems like Debian would require
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# that the user make use of this flag when wanting to keep their environment.
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sudo -E [CMD]
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