# smartctl
# get SMART status information on your hard drives

# Quickly check the overall health of a drive
smartctl -H /dev/sda

# Obtain information on the drive: type of drive, serial number, etc.
smartctl -i /dev/sda

# initiate short tests for the drive
smartctl --test=short /dev/sda

# initiate long tests for the drive
smartctl --test=long /dev/sda

# abort the test
smartctl -X