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Merge pull request #92 from terminalforlife/master

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New Examples & `sysctl` File + Wording & Formatting Improvements
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Igor Chubin 2020-02-11 19:16:22 +01:00 committed by GitHub
commit 167657879b
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5 changed files with 129 additions and 116 deletions
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157
sheets/git
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@ -1,46 +1,45 @@
# To set your identity:
# Set your identity.
git config --global user.name "John Doe"
git config --global user.email johndoe@example.com
# To set your editor:
# Set your editor.
git config --global core.editor emacs
# To enable color:
# Enable color support for commands like `git diff`. Disable with `never` or
# partially disable -- unless otherwise applied -- with `false`.
git config --global color.ui true
# To stage all changes for commit:
git add --all
# Stage all changes for commit.
git add [--all|-A]
# To stash changes locally, this will keep the changes in a separate changelist
# called stash and the working directory is cleaned. You can apply changes
# from the stash anytime
# Stash changes locally. This will keep the changes in a separate changelist, -
# called 'stash', and the working directory is cleaned. You can apply changes
# from the stash at any time.
git stash
# To stash changes with a message
# Stash changes with a message.
git stash save "message"
# To list all the stashed changes
# List all the stashed changes.
git stash list
# To apply the most recent change and remove the stash from the stash list
# Apply the most recent change and remove the stash from the stash list.
git stash pop
# To apply any stash from the list of stashes. This does not remove the stash
# from the stash list
# Apply stash from the stash list, but does not remove the stash from the list.
git stash apply stash@{6}
# To commit staged changes
# Commit staged changes.
git commit -m "Your commit message"
# To edit previous commit message
# Edit previous commit message.
git commit --amend
# Git commit in the past
# Commit in the past. Newer versions of Git allow `--date="2 days ago"` usage.
git commit --date="`date --date='2 day ago'`"
git commit --date="Jun 13 18:30:25 IST 2015"
# more recent versions of Git also support --date="2 days ago" directly
# To change the date of an existing commit
# Change the date of an existing commit.
git filter-branch --env-filter \
'if [ $GIT_COMMIT = 119f9ecf58069b265ab22f1f97d2b648faf932e0 ]
then
@ -48,144 +47,142 @@ git filter-branch --env-filter \
export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="Sat May 19 01:01:01 2007 -0700"
fi'
# To removed staged and working directory changes
# Remove staged and working directory changes.
git reset --hard
# To go 2 commits back
# Go 2 commits back.
git reset --hard HEAD~2
# To remove untracked files
# Remove untracked files.
git clean -f -d
# To remove untracked and ignored files
# Remove untracked and ignored files.
git clean -f -d -x
# To push to the tracked master branch:
# Push to the tracked master branch.
git push origin master
# To push to a specified repository:
git push git@github.com:username/project.git
# Push to a specified repository.
git push git@github.com:[USER_NAME]/[REPO_NAME].git
# To delete the branch "branch_name"
git branch -D branch_name
# Delete the branch "branch_name".
git branch -D [BRANCH]
# To make an existing branch track a remote branch
# Make an existing branch track a remote branch.
git branch -u upstream/foo
# To list all local and remote branches
# List all local and remote branches.
git branch -a
# To see who committed which line in a file
git blame filename
# See who committed which line in a file.
git blame [FILE]
# To sync a fork with the master repo:
git remote add upstream git@github.com:name/repo.git # Set a new repo
git remote -v # Confirm new remote repo
git fetch upstream # Get branches
git branch -va # List local - remote branches
git checkout master # Checkout local master branch
git checkout -b new_branch # Create and checkout a new branch
git merge upstream/master # Merge remote into local repo
git show 83fb499 # Show what a commit did.
git show 83fb499:path/fo/file.ext # Shows the file as it appeared at 83fb499.
git diff branch_1 branch_2 # Check difference between branches
git log # Show all the commits
git status # Show the changes from last commit
# Sync a fork with the master repo.
git remote add upstream git@github.com:name/repo.git # <-- Set a new repo.
git remote -v # <-- Confirm new remote repo.
git fetch upstream # <-- Get branches.
git branch -va # <-- List local - remote branches.
git checkout master # <-- Checkout local master branch.
git checkout -b new_branch # <-- Create and checkout a new branch.
git merge upstream/master # <-- Merge remote into local repo.
git show 83fb499 # <-- Show what a commit did.
git show 83fb499:path/fo/file.ext # <-- Show the file as it was in 83fb499.
git diff branch_1 branch_2 # <-- Check difference between branches.
git log # <-- Show all of the commits.
git status # <-- Show the changes from the last commit.
# Commit history of a set of files
# Display the commit history of a set of files.
git log --pretty=email --patch-with-stat --reverse --full-index -- Admin\*.py > Sripts.patch
# Import commits from another repo
# Import commits from another repo.
git --git-dir=../some_other_repo/.git format-patch -k -1 --stdout <commit SHA> | git am -3 -k
# View commits that will be pushed
# View commits which would be pushed.
git log @{u}..
# View changes that are new on a feature branch
# View changes which are new on a feature branch.
git log -p feature --not master
git diff master...feature
# Interactive rebase for the last 7 commits
# Interactive rebase for the last 7 commits.
git rebase -i @~7
# Diff files WITHOUT considering them a part of git
# This can be used to diff files that are not in a git repo!
# Show changes to files WITHOUT considering them a part of git. This can be
# used to diff files which are not part of a git repo!
git diff --no-index path/to/file/A path/to/file/B
# To pull changes while overwriting any local commits
# Pull changes, while overwriting any local commits.
git fetch --all
git reset --hard origin/master
# Update all your submodules
# Update all submodules.
git submodule update --init --recursive
# Perform a shallow clone to only get latest commits
# (helps save data when cloning large repos)
# Perform a shallow clone, to only get the latest commits, which helps to save
# data (good for limited data connections) when cloning large repos.
git clone --depth 1 <remote-url>
# To unshallow a clone
# Unshallow a clone.
git pull --unshallow
# Create a bare branch (one that has no commits on it)
# Create a bare branch; without any commits.
git checkout --orphan branch_name
# Checkout a new branch from a different starting point
# Checkout a new branch from a different starting point.
git checkout -b master upstream/master
# Reset local branch to upstream branch and then checkout it
# Reset local branch to upstream branch, then checkout it.
git checkout -B master upstream/master
# Remove all stale branches (ones that have been deleted on remote)
# So if you have a lot of useless branches, delete them on Github and then run this
# Remove all stale branches; ones that have been deleted on remote. So if you
# have a lot of useless branches, delete them on GitHub and then run this.
git remote prune origin
# The following can be used to prune all remotes at once
# Prune all remotes at once.
git remote prune $(git remote | tr '\n' ' ')
# Revisions can also be identified with :/text
# So, this will show the first commit that has "cool" in their message body
# Revisions can also be identified with `:/text`. So, this will show the first
# commit that has the string "cool" in its message body.
git show :/cool
# Undo parts of last commit in a specific file
# Undo parts of the last commit in a specific file.
git checkout -p HEAD^ -- /path/to/file
# Revert a commit and keep the history of the reverted change as a separate revert commit
# Revert a commit, but keep the history of the event as a separate commit.
git revert <commit SHA>
# Pick a commit from a branch to current branch. This is different than merge as
# this just applies a single commit from a branch to current branch
git cherry-pick <commit SHA1>
# Apply only the changes made within a given commit. This is different to the
# `merge` command, as it would otherwise apply all commits from a branch.
git cherry-pick [HASH]
# Undo last commit
# If you want to nuke commit C and never see it again
# Undo last commit. If you want to nuke commit C to never see it again:
# (F)
# A-B-C
# ↑
# master
git reset --hard HEAD~1
# Undo last commit
# If you want to undo the commit but keep your changes
# Undo last commit. If you want to undo the commit, but keep your changes:
# (F)
# A-B-C
# ↑
# master
git reset HEAD~1
# list files changed in ${commit_id}
git diff-tree --no-commit-id --name-only -r ${commit_id}
# List files changed in a given commit.
git diff-tree --no-commit-id --name-only -r [HASH]
# list files changed in ${commit_id}, porcelain way, meant to be user facing
# Porcelain-ly List files changed in a given commit; user-facing approach.
git show --pretty="" --name-only bd61ad98
# See everything you have done, across branches, in a glance,
# then go to the place right before you broke everything
# See everything you have done, across branches, in a glance, then go to the
# place right before you broke everything.
git reflog
git reset HEAD@{hash}
# To move your most recent commit from one branch and stage it on TARGET branch
# Move your most recent commit from one branch, to stage it on [BRANCH].
git reset HEAD~ --soft
git stash
git checkout TARGET
git checkout [BRANCH]
git stash pop
git add .

3
sheets/perl
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@ -28,3 +28,6 @@ perl -p -i'.old' -e 's/find/replace/g' filename
# learn perl: /perl/:learn
# perl one-liners: /perl/1line
# search in pages: /perl/~keyword
# Perl method of listing out the environment variables, sans values.
perl -e 'print("$_\n") foreach keys(%ENV)'

56
sheets/ssh
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@ -1,58 +1,60 @@
# ssh
# access a remote host via SSH
# To ssh via pem file (which normally needs 0600 permissions):
# SSH in via PEM file, which normally needs 0600 permissions.
ssh -i /path/to/file.pem user@example.com
# To connect on an non-standard port:
# Connect through a non-standard port. It's recommended not to use the default
# port of 22, as it is so often targeted, due to it being so commonplace.
ssh -p 2222 user@example.com
# To connect and forward the authentication agent
# Connect and forward the authentication agent.
ssh -A user@example.com
# To execute a command on a remote server:
# Execute a command on a remote server.
ssh -t user@example.com 'the-remote-command'
# To tunnel an x session over SSH:
# Tunnel an X session over SSH, via X11 Forwarding.
ssh -X user@example.com
# Redirect traffic with a tunnel between local host (port 8080) and a remote
# host (remote.example.com:5000) through a proxy (personal.server.com):
# host (remote.example.com:5000) through a proxy (personal.server.com).
ssh -f -L 8080:remote.example.com:5000 user@personal.server.com -N
# To launch a specific x application over SSH:
# Launch a specific X application over SSH.
ssh -X -t user@example.com 'chromium-browser'
# To create a SOCKS proxy on localhost and port 9999
# Create a SOCKS proxy on localhost and port 9999.
ssh -D 9999 user@example.com
# -X use an xsession, -C compress data, "-c blowfish" use the encryption blowfish
ssh user@example.com -C -c blowfish -X
# Connect to server, but allow for X11 forwarding, while also using GZip
# compression (can be much faster; YMMV), and using the `blowfish` encryption.
# For more information, see: http://unix.stackexchange.com/q/12755/44856
ssh -XCc blowfish user@example.com
# For more information, see:
# http://unix.stackexchange.com/q/12755/44856
# Copy files and directories, via SSH, from remote host to the current working
# directory, with GZip compression. An option for when `rsync` isn't available.
#
# This works by creating (not temporary!) a remote Tar archive, then piping its
# output to a local Tar process, which then extracts it to STDOUT.
ssh user@example.com 'tar -C /var/www/Shared/ zcf - asset1 asset2' | tar zxf -
# Copy files and folders through ssh from remote host to pwd with tar.gz compression
# when there is no rsync command available
ssh user@example.com "cd /var/www/Shared/; tar zcf - asset1 asset2" | tar zxf -
# explicitly specify a key for connection
# (if you have Too many authentication failures for *username*)
# Explicitly specify a key for connection. Useful if you have too many
# authentication failures for a given username.
ssh -i some_id_rsa -o IdentitiesOnly=yes them@there:/path/
# switch off pubkey authentication
# Temporarily disable `pubkey` authentication for this instance.
ssh -o PubkeyAuthentication=no username@hostname.com
# Mount folder/filesystem through SSH
# Install SSHFS from https://github.com/libfuse/sshfs
# Will allow you to mount a folder securely over a network.
# Mount a remote directory or filesystem, through SSH, to a local mountpoint.
# Install SSHFS from: https://github.com/libfuse/sshfs
sshfs name@server:/path/to/folder /path/to/mount/point
# Emacs can read file through SSH
# EMACS can read files through SSH.
# Doc: http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/Remote-Files.html
emacs /ssh:name@server:/path/to/file
# Get help on SSH escape sequences
# Useful for terminating unresponsive sessions
# The default escape character is ~ (tilde), escapes are only recognized immediately after newline
$ [Enter]~?
# Get help for SSH escape sequences. Useful for terminating unresponsive
# sessions. The default escape character is ~ (tilde), escapes are only
# recognized immediately after a newline.
$ <Enter>~?

12
sheets/sysctl Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
# List all kernel keys (parameters) and their values.
sysctl [--all|-a]
# As above, but show only specified keys and their values.
sysctl [KEY_1 [KEY_2] ...]
# As above, but instead output only the values.
sysctl [--values|-n] [KEY_1 [KEY_2] ...]
# Not nearly as useful, but alternatively, output only the key names.
sysctl [--names|-N] [KEY_1 [KEY_2] ...]
# Assign one or more kernel keys a new value; usually requires root access.
sysctl [KEY_1=VALUE_1 [KEY_2=VALUE_2] ...]

17
sheets/tee
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@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
# To tee stdout to a file:
# Display `ls` output to the user, but also write it to the given file.
ls | tee outfile.txt
# To tee stdout and append to a file:
# As above, but amend the data; previous file's data remains in-tact.
ls | tee -a outfile.txt
# tee would take the output of the first command in the pipeline and copy it
# to standard output (the terminal) while also making copies of it in the files one, two and three:
somecommand | tee one two three
# Pipe the standard output of a given command into `tee`, which then displays
# it to the user and sending the data to files `one`, `two`, and `three`.
[COMMAND] | tee one two three
# write 3 to /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches (with root rights)
# Workaround to output data to a file, with root privileges.
echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
# in Vim:
# The structure :w !cmd means "write the current buffer piped through command".
# Pipe the current Vim buffer to a shell process, which in this case is `tee`.
# This is especially useful as a shortcut added to `.vimrc` or similar.
:w !sudo tee %