The following are the latest papers (sorted by release date) on prompt engineering. We update this on a daily basis and new papers come in. We incorporate summaries of these papers to the guides above every week.
- [Augmented Language Models: a Survey](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.07842) (Feb 2023)
- [A Survey for In-context Learning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.00234) (Dec 2022)
- [Towards Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Survey](https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.10403) (Dec 2022)
- [Reasoning with Language Model Prompting: A Survey](https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.09597) (Dec 2022)
- [Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.07682) (Jun 2022)
- [A Taxonomy of Prompt Modifiers for Text-To-Image Generation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.13988) (Apr 2022)
- [Pre-train, Prompt, and Predict: A Systematic Survey of Prompting Methods in Natural Language Processing](https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.13586) (Jul 2021)
- [Chain of Hindsight Aligns Language Models with Feedback](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.02676) (Feb 2023)
- [Language Is Not All You Need: Aligning Perception with Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.14045) (Feb 2023)
- [Automatic Prompt Augmentation and Selection with Chain-of-Thought from Labeled Data](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12822) (Feb 2023)
- [Active Prompting with Chain-of-Thought for Large Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12246) (Feb 2023)
- [More than you've asked for: A Comprehensive Analysis of Novel Prompt Injection Threats to Application-Integrated Large Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12173) (Feb 2023)
- [A Prompt Pattern Catalog to Enhance Prompt Engineering with ChatGPT](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.11382) (Feb 2023)
- [Guiding Large Language Models via Directional Stimulus Prompting](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.11520) (Feb 2023)
- [How Does In-Context Learning Help Prompt Tuning?](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.11521) (Feb 2023)
- [Scalable Prompt Generation for Semi-supervised Learning with Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.09236) (Feb 2023)
- [Bounding the Capabilities of Large Language Models in Open Text Generation with Prompt Constraints](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.09185) (Feb 2023)
- [À-la-carte Prompt Tuning (APT): Combining Distinct Data Via Composable Prompting](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.07994) (Feb 2023)
- [GraphPrompt: Unifying Pre-Training and Downstream Tasks for Graph Neural Networks](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.08043) (Feb 2023)
- [The Capacity for Moral Self-Correction in Large Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.07459) (Feb 2023)
- [SwitchPrompt: Learning Domain-Specific Gated Soft Prompts for Classification in Low-Resource Domains](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06868) (Feb 2023)
- [Evaluating the Robustness of Discrete Prompts](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.05619) (Feb 2023)
- [Compositional Exemplars for In-context Learning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.05698) (Feb 2023)
- [Hard Prompts Made Easy: Gradient-Based Discrete Optimization for Prompt Tuning and Discovery](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.03668) (Feb 2023)
- [Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.00923) (Feb 2023)
- [Large Language Models Can Be Easily Distracted by Irrelevant Context](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.00093) (Feb 2023)
- [Synthetic Prompting: Generating Chain-of-Thought Demonstrations for Large Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.00618) (Feb 2023)
- [Progressive Prompts: Continual Learning for Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.12314) (Jan 2023)
- [Batch Prompting: Efficient Inference with LLM APIs](https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.08721) (Jan 2023)
- [Demonstrate-Search-Predict: Composing retrieval and language models for knowledge-intensive NLP](https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.14024) (Dec 2022)
- [On Second Thought, Let's Not Think Step by Step! Bias and Toxicity in Zero-Shot Reasoning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.08061) (Dec 2022)
- [Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback](https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.08073) (Dec 2022)
- [Successive Prompting for Decomposing Complex Questions](https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.04092) (Dec 2022)
- [Large Language Models are reasoners with Self-Verification](https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.09561v1) (Dec 2022)
- [Discovering Language Model Behaviors with Model-Written Evaluations](https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.09251) (Dec 2022)
- [PAL: Program-aided Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.10435) (Nov 2022)
- [Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineers](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.01910) (Nov 2022)
- [Ignore Previous Prompt: Attack Techniques For Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.09527) (Nov 2022)
- [Machine Generated Text: A Comprehensive Survey of Threat Models and Detection Methods](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07321) (Nov 2022)
- [Teaching Algorithmic Reasoning via In-context Learning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.09066) (Nov 2022)
- [Enhancing Self-Consistency and Performance of Pre-Trained Language Models through Natural Language Inference](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.11875) (Nov 2022)
- [Ask Me Anything: A simple strategy for prompting language models](https://paperswithcode.com/paper/ask-me-anything-a-simple-strategy-for) (Oct 2022)
- [Recitation-Augmented Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.01296) (Oct 2022)
- [ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03629) (Oct 2022)
- [Prompting GPT-3 To Be Reliable](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.09150) (Oct 2022)
- [Decomposed Prompting: A Modular Approach for Solving Complex Tasks](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.02406) (Oct 2022)
- [Language Models Are Greedy Reasoners: A Systematic Formal Analysis of Chain-of-Thought](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.01240v3) (Oct 2022)
- [Evaluating the Susceptibility of Pre-Trained Language Models via Handcrafted Adversarial Examples](https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.02128) (Sep 2022)
- [Dynamic Prompt Learning via Policy Gradient for Semi-structured Mathematical Reasoning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.14610) (Sep 2022)
- [Promptagator: Few-shot Dense Retrieval From 8 Examples](https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.11755) (Sep 2022)
- [Atlas: Few-shot Learning with Retrieval Augmented Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.03299) (Nov 2022)
- [DocPrompting: Generating Code by Retrieving the Docs](https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.05987) (July 2022)
- [On the Advance of Making Language Models Better Reasoners](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.02336) (June 2022)
- [Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11916) (May 2022)
- [MRKL Systems: A modular, neuro-symbolic architecture that combines large language models, external knowledge sources and discrete reasoning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.00445) (May 2022)
- [PPT: Pre-trained Prompt Tuning for Few-shot Learning](https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.576/) (Mqy 2022)
- [Toxicity Detection with Generative Prompt-based Inference](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.12390) (May 2022)
- [Learning to Transfer Prompts for Text Generation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.01543) (May 2022)
- [The Unreliability of Explanations in Few-shot Prompting for Textual Reasoning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.03401) (May 2022)
- [A Taxonomy of Prompt Modifiers for Text-To-Image Generation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.13988) (Apr 2022)
- [PromptChainer: Chaining Large Language Model Prompts through Visual Programming](https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.06566) (Mar 2022)
- [Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.11171) (March 2022)
- [Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback](https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.02155)
- [Rethinking the Role of Demonstrations: What Makes In-Context Learning Work?](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.12837) (Feb 2022)
- [Chain of Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11903) (Jan 2022)
- [Show Your Work: Scratchpads for Intermediate Computation with Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.00114) (Nov 2021)
- [AI Chains: Transparent and Controllable Human-AI Interaction by Chaining Large Language Model Prompts](https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.01691) (Oct 2021)
- [Generated Knowledge Prompting for Commonsense Reasoning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.08387) (Oct 2021)
- [Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalization](https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.08207) (Oct 2021)
- [Reframing Instructional Prompts to GPTk's Language](https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.07830) (Sep 2021)
- [AutoPrompt: Eliciting Knowledge from Language Models with Automatically Generated Prompts](https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.15980) (Oct 2020)
- [Language Models are Few-Shot Learners](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165) (May 2020)
- [How Can We Know What Language Models Know?](https://direct.mit.edu/tacl/article/doi/10.1162/tacl_a_00324/96460/How-Can-We-Know-What-Language-Models-Know) (July 2020)
- [Automated Reading Passage Generation with OpenAI's Large Language Model](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.04616) (April 2023)
- [WebBrain: Learning to Generate Factually Correct Articles for Queries by Grounding on Large Web Corpus](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.04358) (April 2023)
- [Prompt Pre-Training with Twenty-Thousand Classes for Open-Vocabulary Visual Recognition](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.04704) (April 2023)
- [GPT detectors are biased against non-native English writers](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02819) (April 2023)
- [Zero-Shot Next-Item Recommendation using Large Pretrained Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.03153) (April 2023)
- [Large Language Models as Master Key: Unlocking the Secrets of Materials Science with GPT](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02213) (April 2023)
- [Efficiently Aligned Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning for Conversational Tasks using Prompt-Tuning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.01295) (April 2023)
- [Better Language Models of Code through Self-Improvement](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.01228) (April 2023)
- [PromptORE -- A Novel Approach Towards Fully Unsupervised Relation Extraction](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.01209) (April)
- [BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Finance](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.17564) (March 2023)
- [Medical Intervention Duration Estimation Using Language-enhanced Transformer Encoder with Medical Prompts](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.17408) (March 2023)
- [Soft-prompt tuning to predict lung cancer using primary care free-text Dutch medical notes](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.15846) (March 2023)
- [TaskMatrix.AI: Completing Tasks by Connecting Foundation Models with Millions of APIs](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.16434) (March 2023)
- [Larger Probes Tell a Different Story: Extending Psycholinguistic Datasets Via In-Context Learning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.16445) (March 2023)
- [Linguistically Informed ChatGPT Prompts to Enhance Japanese-Chinese Machine Translation: A Case Study on Attributive Clauses](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.15587) (March 2023)
- [Knowledge-augmented Frame Semantic Parsing with Hybrid Prompt-tuning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.14375) (March 2023)
- [Debiasing Scores and Prompts of 2D Diffusion for Robust Text-to-3D Generation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.15413) (March 2023)
- [Zero-shot Model Diagnosis](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.15441#) (March 2023)
- [Prompting Large Language Models to Generate Code-Mixed Texts: The Case of South East Asian Languages](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.13592) (March 2023)
- [Large Language Models in the Workplace: A Case Study on Prompt Engineering for Job Type Classification](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.07142) (March 2023)
- [ICL-D3IE: In-Context Learning with Diverse Demonstrations Updating for Document Information Extraction](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.05063) (March 2023)
- [MathPrompter: Mathematical Reasoning using Large Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.05398) (March 2023)
- [Prompt-Based Learning for Thread Structure Prediction in Cybersecurity Forums](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.05400) (March 2023)
- [Choice Over Control: How Users Write with Large Language Models using Diegetic and Non-Diegetic Prompting](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.03199) (March 2023)
- [Prompting Large Language Models with Answer Heuristics for Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.01903) (March 2023)
- [Goal Driven Discovery of Distributional Differences via Language Descriptions](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.14233) (Feb 2023)
- [Navigating the Grey Area: Expressions of Overconfidence and Uncertainty in Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13439) (Feb 2023)
- [TabGenie: A Toolkit for Table-to-Text Generation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.14169) (Feb 2023)
- [SGL-PT: A Strong Graph Learner with Graph Prompt Tuning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12449) (Feb 2023)
- [Few-Shot Table-to-Text Generation with Prompt-based Adapter](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12468) (Feb 2023)
- [Language Models Are Few-shot Learners for Prognostic Prediction](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12692) (Feb 2023)
- [STA: Self-controlled Text Augmentation for Improving Text Classifications](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12784) (Feb 2023)
- [Check Your Facts and Try Again: Improving Large Language Models with External Knowledge and Automated Feedback](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12813) (Feb 2023)
- [How Generative AI models such as ChatGPT can be (Mis)Used in SPC Practice, Education, and Research? An Exploratory Study](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.10916) (Feb 2023)
- [Grimm in Wonderland: Prompt Engineering with Midjourney to Illustrate Fairytales](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.08961) (Feb 2023)
- [LabelPrompt: Effective Prompt-based Learning for Relation Classification](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.08068) (Feb 2023)
- [Language Model Crossover: Variation through Few-Shot Prompting](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.09236) (Feb 2023)
- [Prompt Tuning of Deep Neural Networks for Speaker-adaptive Visual Speech Recognition](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.08102) (Feb 2023)
- [The Capacity for Moral Self-Correction in Large Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.07459) (Feb 2023)
- [Prompting for Multimodal Hateful Meme Classification](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.04156) (Feb 2023)
- [PLACES: Prompting Language Models for Social Conversation Synthesis](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.03269) (Feb 2023)
- [Commonsense-Aware Prompting for Controllable Empathetic Dialogue Generation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01441) (Feb 2023)
- [Crawling the Internal Knowledge-Base of Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.12810) (Jan 2023)