/*
 * This file is part of OpenTTD.
 * OpenTTD is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
 * OpenTTD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 * See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with OpenTTD. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

/** @file lrucache.hpp Size limited cache map with a least recently used eviction strategy. */

#ifndef LRUCACHE_HPP
#define LRUCACHE_HPP

#include <utility>
#include <list>
#include <functional>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <stdexcept>

/**
 * Size limited cache with a least recently used eviction strategy.
 * @tparam Tkey Type of the cache key.
 * @tparam Tdata Type of the cache item. The cache will store a pointer of this type.
 */
template <class Tkey, class Tdata>
class LRUCache {
private:
	typedef std::pair<Tkey, Tdata *> Tpair;
	typedef typename std::list<Tpair>::iterator Titer;

	std::list<Tpair> data;                         ///< Ordered list of all items.
	std::unordered_map<Tkey, Titer> lookup;  ///< Map of keys to items.

	const size_t capacity; ///< Number of items to cache.

public:
	/**
	 * Construct new LRU cache map.
	 * @param max_items Number of items to store at most.
	 */
	LRUCache(size_t max_items) : capacity(max_items) {}

	/**
	 * Test if a key is already contained in the cache.
	 * @param key The key to search.
	 * @return True, if the key was found.
	 */
	inline bool Contains(const Tkey key)
	{
		return this->lookup.find(key) != this->lookup.end();
	}

	/**
	 * Insert a new data item with a specified key.
	 * @param key Key under which the item should be stored.
	 * @param item Item to insert.
	 * @return Evicted item or nullptr, if no item had to be evicted.
	 */
	Tdata *Insert(const Tkey key, Tdata *item)
	{
		Tdata *old = nullptr;

		if (this->Contains(key)) {
			/* Replace old value. */
			old = this->lookup[key]->second;
			this->lookup[key]->second = item;
		} else {
			/* Delete least used item if maximum items cached. */
			if (this->data.size() >= this->capacity) {
				Tpair last = data.back();
				this->lookup.erase(last.first);
				this->data.pop_back();

				old = last.second;
			}

			/* Insert new item. */
			this->data.push_front(std::make_pair(key, item));
			this->lookup.emplace(key, this->data.begin());
		}

		return old;
	}

	/**
	 * Pop the least recently used item.
	 * @return The item value or nullptr if no items cached.
	 */
	inline Tdata *Pop()
	{
		if (this->data.empty()) return nullptr;

		Tdata *value = this->data.back().second;
		this->lookup.erase(this->data.back().first);
		this->data.pop_back();
		return value;
	}

	/**
	 * Get an item from the cache.
	 * @param key The key to look up.
	 * @return The item value.
	 * @note Throws if item not found.
	 */
	inline Tdata *Get(const Tkey key)
	{
		if (this->lookup.find(key) == this->lookup.end()) throw std::out_of_range("item not found");
		/* Move to front if needed. */
		this->data.splice(this->data.begin(), this->data, this->lookup[key]);

		return this->data.front().second;
	}
};

#endif /* LRUCACHE_HPP */
